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Sequence variants in metastatic colorectal cancer and their evolution during the disease course and treatment
Jandová, Eliška ; Boublíková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vymetálková, Veronika (referee)
A deeper understanding of the molecular background of colorectal cancer (CRC) can help explain the development of the disease and its resistance to treatment, predict disease progression, and improve treatment prognosis. Some minimal molecular testing has been incorporated into standard clinical management to determine if a particular patient will benefit from a particular therapy, but more and more new genetic alterations are being discovered that appear to be associated with the development of resistance. Tissue biopsy of the tumor is the gold standard in terms of molecular testing, but there is an increasing demand for more non- invasive methods such as liquid biopsy. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we analyzed sequence variants present in primary tumor, metastases, and cell-free tumor DNA - ctDNA of patients with metastatic CRC. The objectives were to analyze sequence variants of the primary tumor and identify possible pathogenic variants, to analyze differences between DNA of the primary tumor and metastases, to evaluate the use of ctDNA as a diagnostic tool, and to identify potential tumor-specific markers in ctDNA that can be used to monitor disease progression. Our results suggest the feasibility of using ctDNA for diagnostic purposes or even to monitor disease progression, but...
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Využití hořčíku u nosnic
Jandová, Eliška
This thesis deals with determination of the magnesium and iron retention in organism. In experiment there were used laying hen of carrier type of hybrids Bovans Brown from the age of fourteen months. Chicken were fed ad libitum with feed mixture with the indicator of chromium oxide the entire duration of the whole experiment. From the beginning of the clutch eggs were removed to specify the strenght of eggshells. The balance digestibility of magnesium was found out in three-day periods. Feed consumption was found out by indi-cator method. An average balance digestibility of magnesium in feed mixture was 55, 1 %. Maximum, about 58%, was reached between 40 – 60 days after laying of the first egg. The course of retention of magnesium from 43rd day before laying of the first egg to 73rd day after laying of the first egg is possible to express by polynomial second degree equation Y= -0,0009x2 + 0,1316x + 54,12; R2 = 0,6414. Daily retention of magnesium that was 127 mg before beginning of the clutch was increased with proceeding clutch and egg weight. During the clutch there were retained 179 – 196 mg of magnesium in the layer´s body. Average content of magnesium in eggshells was 3,771 ± 0,2131 g/kg. For the whole reten-tion period average feed consumption was 120,13 g. In evaluation of quality of eggs from the age of 17. to 29. weeks all values were identical with a technological manual of given hybrid.
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Interaction of food additives with xenobiotic metabolising enzymes
Jandová, Eliška ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Koblihová, Jitka (referee)
Recently the use of various food supplements as a part of a healthy lifestyle has been very popular. Although most of them are natural products, their excessive consumption may not always be beneficial for health. Dietary supplements are usually of a flavonoid character. Flavonoid compounds are found in plants and they have beneficial effects on human health. For their antioxidant, anti-allergy and chemopreventive effects they are extensively studied. However, in recent years the negative impacts of flavonoids have been described, often caused by their excessive consumption. It has been shown that they interact with cytochrome P450, which play an important role in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The change in the metabolism of xenobiotics (whether drugs or carcinogens) can cause serious health problems, including a tumor growth. Beside cytochrome P450, there is another possible points of intervention, cytochrome b5 (or NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase), which effects the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450. Another point of potential danger is the elimination of xenobiotics out of the organism. There is a complex system of transporters, in which P-glycoprotein plays a very significant role. P-glycoprotein is involved in transmembrane efflux of xenobiotics, preventing the aggregation of these...
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Molecular mechanism of circadian clock and its connection to neuropsychiatric disorders
Jandová, Eliška ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Mašek, Tomáš (referee)
Circadian rhythms, which are running with a period of 24 hours, are in mammals controlled via principal clock located in the area of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and peripheral oscillators. The basic molecular mechanism governing the circadian rhythms is the transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Per and Cry. The CLOCK-BMAL1 protein dimer acts as an activator for the transcription of the Per and Cry genes, which retroactively inhibit this dimer and thus its own transcription. This main loop affects other genes that are involved in regulation of the core loop. The function, nuclear localization and stability of clock genes are affected by a number of postranscriptional and postranslational modifications. Sleep disorders, one of the main processes controlled by the clock genes, accompany many neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. The development of these disorders have been associated with the clock genes or their interactions with other genes that play a major role in development of these disorders.
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Alternativní plemena prasat a možnosti jejich využití
Jandová, Eliška
The thesis deals with alternative breeds of pigs. Contemporary state of breeding and opportunities in development of pig races are described together with basic classification of pigs and defining alternative breeds of pigs, e.g. přeštice piebald pigs where the breed, characteristics, performance, meat quality and the risk of breeding this breed are described. Another alternative breeds: mangalica, originally from Hungary, original breeds from Poland, zlotnice piebald, white and pulawa are introduced with respect to characteristics of origin and appearance.
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Interaction of food additives with xenobiotic metabolising enzymes
Jandová, Eliška ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Koblihová, Jitka (referee)
Recently the use of various food supplements as a part of a healthy lifestyle has been very popular. Although most of them are natural products, their excessive consumption may not always be beneficial for health. Dietary supplements are usually of a flavonoid character. Flavonoid compounds are found in plants and they have beneficial effects on human health. For their antioxidant, anti-allergy and chemopreventive effects they are extensively studied. However, in recent years the negative impacts of flavonoids have been described, often caused by their excessive consumption. It has been shown that they interact with cytochrome P450, which play an important role in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The change in the metabolism of xenobiotics (whether drugs or carcinogens) can cause serious health problems, including a tumor growth. Beside cytochrome P450, there is another possible points of intervention, cytochrome b5 (or NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase), which effects the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450. Another point of potential danger is the elimination of xenobiotics out of the organism. There is a complex system of transporters, in which P-glycoprotein plays a very significant role. P-glycoprotein is involved in transmembrane efflux of xenobiotics, preventing the aggregation of these...
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