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The issue of bronchial asthma in sports
Musil, Pavel ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Title: The issue of bronchial asthma in sport Objectives: The aim of this work is to provide a brief overview of the issue of asthma bronchial, its occurrence in physically active individuals, and the possibilities of using various procedures and techniques to minimize asthmatic problems Methods: Research Keywords: bronchial asthma, sport, Buteyko method
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Stress hyperglycemia during extreme cycling sports
Hájková, Michaela ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Introduction: This work focuses on the differences in metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes associated with the stress response and interaction of insulin with epinephrine and cortisol. The main topic is increased hyperglycaemia during and immediately after a stress situation and the possibilities of regulation in this disease. The practical part consists of a case study of a subject with type 1 diabetes mellitus and his state of hyperglycemia during races of extreme cycling disciplines. Objectives: The main aim of this work is to introduce and descript this phenomen in Czech language, to clarify the issues of this phenomen and to conduct a case study to verify results of theoretical part. Methods: Methods that were used in this work includes literature rewiew summerising available materials on this topic and in the practical part a qualitative research method, a case study, examining one subject. Data from platform Diasend were observed and compared and the subject provided an interview. Results: The results of the case study support the findings of the literature review. The highest glucose levels during sport related stress reached up to 20.0 mmol/l despite increased basal and bolus doses. Keywords: glucose metabolism, diabetes mellitus, glycaemia, epinephrine, cortisol
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Prevalence, Causes, and Prevention Strategies of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Endurance Runners
Bartošová, Veronika ; Koudelková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Cíl: Cílem této práce bylo zjistit výskyt, rizikové faktory vzniku a možnosti prevence sideropenické anémie a deficitu železa u vytrvalostních běžců. Metodika: Anonymní dotazníkové šetření vyplnilo 61 sportovců, z nichž většinu (93,4 %) tvořili běžci na střední a dlouhé tratě převážně výkonnostní neprofesionální úrovně. Muži tvořili 52,5 % (n=32) souboru a ženy 47,5 % (n=29). Průměrný věk byl 29,23 (±12,26) let. Online dotazník byl vytvořen pomocí Formulářů Google a rozeslán prostřednictvím sociálních sítí. Výsledky: Alespoň jednu epizodu laboratorně potvrzeného deficitu železa (ID) zaznamenalo během svého života 39,34 % respondentů. Sideropenická anémie byla diagnostikována u 17,75 % běžců. Preparáty s obsahem Fe užívá 48,98 % respondentů. Silnější menstruaci uváděly častěji ženy s ID oproti skupině bez ID, avšak rozdíl nebyl statisticky významný (p=0,21). Signifikantně vyšší týdenní kilometráž byla prokázána ve skupině s ID oproti skupině bez ID u žen (p=0,0145), nikoliv však u mužů (p=0,4299). Žádnou potravinu bohatou na železo nekonzumovali respondenti s ID méně často, než respondenti bez ID. Konzumace černého a zeleného čaje nebyla v žádné ze skupin významně častější. Kávu pili oproti očekávání častěji respondenti bez ID. Černý, zelený čaj a kávu konzumuje častěji s jídlem skupina s ID, avšak...
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The effect of menstrual cycle and cortisol and testosteron levels on strenght performance in female athletes
Novotná, Kateřina ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Pěkný, Martin (referee)
This study provides a comprehensive insight into the physiological and hormonal changes in female athletes during the menstrual cycle and their impact on performance training and recovery. It covers an overview of menstrual cycle physiology, the effects of steroid hormones on the female reproductive system, cortisol secretion examination, and the role of testosterone in female physiology. Furthermore, it analyzes the influence of individual menstrual cycle phases on the strength capabilities of female athletes and studies the relationship between cortisol and testosterone secretion and these abilities. It discusses the influence of the follicular phase on performance in the Wingate test, negative correlation between cortisol concentration and female athletes' strength performance, and differences in maximum performance between athletes with regular and irregular cycles. It highlights general limitations of research on women that need to be considered. Overall, this work contributes to the discussion on the relationship between hormonal changes and strength performance in female athletes, with potential future applications in training and sports performance. KEY WORDS menstrual cycle, hormones, strength capabilities, cortisol, testosterone, physical exertion
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Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions
Vostatková, Pavlína ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee) ; Balkó, Štefan (referee)
Title: Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions Objectives: The aim of the dissertation is to investigate, within a group of athletes from speed- endurance disciplines, the influence of selected polymorphisms in genes encoding lactate transporters MCT1-4 on lactate levels before, during, and after Intermittent 30s Wingate Test. A sub-objective of the study is to identify differences in allele and genotype frequencies in the respective polymorphisms between the group of athletes and controls. Methods: The research group consisted of 91 Eastern European Caucasian men, members of the Czech Athletic Association with elite performance in the 400 m run (age 20.4 ± 3.2 years; body weight 74.07 ± 7.5 kg; height 182.7 ± 6.14 cm). A control group (n=100; age 20.5 ± 1.2; body mass 77.5 ± 9.47 kg; height 181.5 ± 6.35 cm) of physically active individuals who did not perform speed and strength sports was used for allele and genotype comparisons. For genotypic analysis of selected polymorphisms, buccal mucosa swabs were performed in the probands. DNA isolation and subsequent genetic analyses were performed in collaboration with the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The frequencies of individual alleles and genotypes were tested for compliance with...
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The effect of the COVID 19 infection on the respiratory and cardiovascular system, physical stress during the course of the disease
Doležalová, Anna ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Impact of the COVID 19 infection on the respiratory and cardiovascular system, physical strain during the course of the disease Aims: The primary aim of this thesis is to find and study the latest relevant findings regarding the impact of COVID 19 infection on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and the effect of physical strain on the course of this disease. Subsequently, to write down a critical review on the topic. Methods: A literature review on the impact of COVID 19 infection on the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system and the effect of physical strain on the course of the disease. Results: The impact of the COVID 19 infection on the respiratory system is considerable. The disease can be asymptomatic or with only mild symptoms, typically shortness of breath and cough. The main manifestation of a developed infection is bilateral covid pneumonia, which progresses to ARDS in approximately 20-30% of hospitalized patients. The impact of the disease on the cardiovascular system is increasingly debated. Sources describe elevation of troponin in the serum, as an indicator of myocardial damage, in up to 12% of all cases. It can manifest as myocarditis, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock or even heart failure. The infection of COVID 19 is a multisystem...
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Influence of Wim Hof method on freediver performance
Pilušová, Viktorie ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: Influence of Wim Hof method on freediver performance Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out whether Wim Hof's method (WHM) can demonstrably improve the performance of a freediver and whether, as an added component of regeneration in his training unit, it can demonstrably contribute to the improvement of selected physiological parameters, compared to a group practicing Pranayama in combination with cold exposure and meditation and a control group without intervention. Another goal is to compare the results obtained in the individual groups for a period of two and four weeks of measurement and thus objectify the effect of the selected intervention. Methods: As part of the issue of improving the athlete's performance, selected physiological parameters of individuals engaged in freediving on the breath were observed. For the implementation, the WHM was used, which uses the connection of psychological and physical resistance to stress factors. A total of 32 healthy male subjects in the age range of 32-61 years participated in the study, who were randomly divided by lot into 3 as closely as possible groups of 10-11 members each for WHM or Pranayama training, or into a control group. The experiment consisted of an initial measurement, where input data was taken from the participants and...
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Specific tests of aspects of quality of life in lower limb amputees and the use of the TAPES-R questionnaire
Kotrbatá, Karolína ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
A loss of a lower body extremity affects all parts of life. Essentially mobility is limited, that is projected into occupational, social and leisure activities. Consequence can be psychological disorders and even in the worst case social isolation. Therefore, it is important to follow up quality of life of people with lower body extremity amputation, label problematic areas and prioritise their solution comprehensive rehabilitation. Thesis summary includes general information of amputation, their consequences and prosthetics. Factors, which can affect life quality of lower body extremity amputees, were also included. Simultaneously was done a collection and description of questionnaires of this certain population. In the thesis was used a method of reverses translation of TAPES-R questionnaire and then applied to lower body extremity amputees in the Czech Republic. Results were analysed. Those indicate, that the majority of problems occur in hobby and sport sphere. Another limitations were shown in employment, prosthesis comfort and occurrence of phantom or other pains. Results did not confirm hypothesis of existence of a link between prior past since amputation and lowering frequency of phantom difficulties or perception of own physical abilities during increasing time period since amputation....
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The methods of training in high-altitude conditions
Polívka, Tomáš ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: The Methods Of Training In High-Altitude Conditions Aim: The aim of the study was to summarize published information on the issue of training methods in high mountain conditions and to determine whether the current use of methods can positively affect the performance of athletes. It includes findings from the history and current use of methods to achieve adaptive changes in the body. Methods: The method used in the bachelor thesis was document analysis and electronic database search. Results: We found that high-altitude training in both natural and artificial conditions improves oxygen transfer, red blood cell volume and maximal oxygen consumption VO2max. Thus, it can positively influence the performance of athletes when certain factors associated with hypoxic training are respected. We have also found that there is a considerable amount of scientific literature on the subject, which continues to grow, but the evidence is by no means conclusive. Keywords: Hypoxic training, altitude, performance, adaptation, acclimatization
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Heart rate recovery as a predictor for VO2max and anaerobic threshold
Cabrnoch, Bohuslav ; Hráský, Pavel (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Title: Heart rate recovery as a predictor for VO2max and anaerobic threshold Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the statistical relationship between the maximum VO2max values at standardized loading, with a decrease in heart rate after maximal loading, and functional anaerobic threshold values. Methods: Ten healthy men, aged 22-26 years, participated in the testing. The probands had their blood pressure, weight and height measured before testing. Subsequently, they were fitted with a silicone spiro-ergometric mask and chest belt to measure heart rate. After stepping on the treadmill ergometer, standing spirometry (FEV1/FVC) and minute ventilation in sitting were performed. In the warm-up, probands completed a run for 4 minutes (11 km/h, 0 incline). In 5th minute the incline was set to 5. From the 6th minute onwards, the speed of the treadmill ergometer was increased by 1 km/h every minute until the proband could not continue. After the run, the proband was seated and heart rate was measured for 5 minutes along with spirometry. Results: Although there was a positive correlation between the heart rate recovery after 30 s, 90 s and 240 s after maximal load and peak values of VO2max, these correlation (r = 0,51, r = 0,49, r = 0,53) are not strong enough to generalize the results. No...
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