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Comparative psychopathology of captive great apes: towards understanding psychological disturbances in captive orangutans
Odzganová Leskovská, Linda ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
The purpose of this paper is a qualitative insight into the problem of psychopathological phenomena in captive orangutans. The theoretical part deals with the elementary zoology of genus Pongo, and offers philosophical and ethical considerations of "animal kind", "captivity", "norm and psychopathology" as well as some methodological aspects of animal study. The aim of my empirical research design was to gather as much information as possible about the phenomena in question. This study is meant to provide preliminary ideas for further research and by no means aspires to cover the topic to the full. There are 5 zoos in Czech Republic and Slovakia that have orangutans, and I have visited 4 of them. Each group of orangutans was reported on by at least 2 people in direct contact with these animals (caretakers, veterinarians or curators). I have attempted to objectify my findings by individually interviewing 10 professionals, all of whom have provided their reports independently and confidentially. The caretakers reported on a total of 16 animals in their custody, out of which, there were 7 adult males, 5 adult females, 3 sub-adult males and 1 male infant. Of these, 8 were Sumatran orangutans, 6 Borneans and 2 crossbreeds. Three animals that entered the record were no longer present at the zoo by the time...
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Perceptual and subjective component of body image in preschool girls
Chudobová, Petra ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Sociokulturní ideál krásy je přejímán již v předškolním věku (Feldman et al., 1988, Flannery - Schroeder a Chrisler, 1996). Předškolní děti se od svých rodiču! sourozencu, vrstevníku a z médií učí, že štíhlost je vysoce oceňována a být "tlustý" je špatné. Jsou ovlivněny televizí, dětskými časopisy i hračkami typu panenky Barbie. Cílem této práce bylo zjistit, jak je body image formován u dívek předškolního věku 1 zda lze tyto zněny detekovat metodou, adekvátní chápání předškolních dívek. Dále jsem chtěla zmapovat, co soudí předškolní dívky o svých proporcích, jaké proporce považují za ideální, zda rozumí pojmu dieta! jak hodnotí zájmy štíhlé a silné figury, do jaké míry jsou schopny přesného odhadu vlastního těla a postavy matky, jaká je jejich představa o ideální budoucí postavě. Výsledky ukazují, že k významným kvalitativním změnám dochází mezi čtvrtým a pátým rokem života. Tříleté a některé čtyřleté dívky ještě nejsou schopny postihnout (nebo verbálně vyjádřit) rozdíly mezi odlišnými tělesnými rozměry. Pětileté a šestileté dívky dobře rozlišují tělesné rozměry, často používají negativní označení pro objemnější tělesné proporce. Šestileté a starší dívky mají již realistický body image. Většina z nich vyjadřuje averze a kritické připomínky vuči lidem s nadváhou. To muže znamenat, že začínají přijímat...
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Video Confrontation as a Therapy Technique in the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Adámková Ségard, Milena ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, Katedra psychologie Název práce: Využití terapeutické techniky video konfrontace v léčbě poruchy příjmu potravy Název práce v angličtině:Video confrontation in the treatment of eating disorders Autor práce: Milena Adámková Ségard Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. Slávka Fraňková, DrSc. Rok odevzdání: 2012 Abstrakt anglicky The goal of this pilot study is to search for a specific influence of the video confrontation technique when used as a therapy for a patient with eating disorder. For the method a questionnaire was chosen which includes semantic differentials and separate sentences. The respondents were selected based on availability.The 26 respondents included in this research were all women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. All were hospitalized in a eating disorder unit. The outcome of the study confirmed that video confrontation resulted in the patients describing their own body as more elegant, and had lowered the feeling of being unsure or uninterested in their own body. In the case of patients with anorexia nervosa a specific influence was found in that the patients' perception of their own body changed to more elegant and valuable. In the case of patients with bulimia nervosa the specific influence was that these patients were less ashamed...
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Video Confrontation as a Therapy Technique in the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Adámková Ségard, Milena ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
1 Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, Katedra psychologie Název práce: Využití terapeutické techniky video konfrontace v léčbě poruchy příjmu potravy Název práce v angličtině:Video confrontation in the treatment of eating disorders Autor práce: Mgr.Milena Adámková Ségard, Ph.D. Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. Slávka Fraňková, DrSc. Rok odevzdání: 2012 Abstrakt anglicky The goal of this pilot study is to search for a specific influence of the video confrontation technique when used as a therapy for a patient with eating disorder. For the method a questionnaire was chosen which includes semantic differentials and separate sentences. The respondents were selected based on availability. The 26 respondents included in this research were all women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. All were hospitalized in an eating disorder unit. The outcome of the study confirmed that video confrontation resulted in the patients describing the picture of their own body less ungainly and they were less ashamed about their own body. The outcome of the study confirmed that video confrontation resulted in the patients with anorexia nervosa describing the picture of their own body as more elegant, attractive, but also more worthless, more ugly and ungainly. In the case of patients with bulimia nervosa a...
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Psychological and social aspects of vegetarianism
Medřická, Jitka ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Fraňková, Slávka (referee)
The purpose of this dissertaion is to describe the phenomenon of vegetarianism, especially it's psychological and social context. The theoretical part of this piece of work is a kind of litereture search and exploration of facts in relation to vegetarianism. This topic has been researched from different point of view: anthropological, historical, theological and philosophical, dietetical, ontogenetic, demographic, social and psychological. The research among vegetarians has been conducted in the practical part of the dissertation. It was based on the original detailed questionnaire. This questionnaire was distributed using "snowball falling" method within vegetarian community, mostly in web-based and e-mail-based way. There was 324 vegetarians in the sample (63 per cent women and 37 per cent men) in various age, family status, religious orientation and so on. The groups of semi-vegetarians, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, vegans, vitarians and macrobiotics have been included. The differences between these groups and also between men and women in the sample have been examined as well. It has been shown that the ethical motivation was the most important for the majority of vegetarians. It could be also seen in their attitude towards some other controversial topics connected to animal rights. Deeper...
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Eating gabits, body image in younger and middle-school age girl. The contribution to the issue of primary prevention of eating disorders
Novotná, Petra ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Marádová, Eva (referee)
The aims of this study are dietary habits, eating preferenees and aversions, body image and self-esteem, the faetors whieh in its pathologieal form belong to one of the major risk faetors and are eonsidered as a key eomponent of prevention of eating disorders in ehildhood. The analysis of interviews and questionnaire methods for the younger group of girls and middle sehool age girls (N = 10 1) showed that girls enter the 1 st c1asses with relatively eonsistent system of eating preferenees and aversions. The ehanges are in middle sehool age when the range of experienee with meals extends, preferenees are redueed and aversions to eertain food and dishes are growing. Preferenees of slirnness appeared in the area of body image, though it dec1ined with age and moved to a more realistie proportions. Pronouneed pathologieal eating behavior was not eonfirmed in our reference file, we have seen only some trend s that might result in the eating problems in later life. In a group of girls of middle sehool age, we found inereased negative self-esteem and evaluation of own skills. At the end of the work we gaye some suggestions for the prevention of eating disorders.
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Effectivenes of cognitive-behavioural treatment applied in courses of weight reduction related to cognitive and behaviolal factors
Moravcová, Lucie ; Schneidrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Derflerová Brázdová, Zuzana (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (referee) ; Müllerová, Dana (referee)
The Czech Republic is from the early 90 years, reducing rates of overweight in CBT applications, which the company operates STOB Mgr. Iva Malkova. According to available information has not been done until now no research in these courses chartedabove the influence of selected cognitive factors on changes in body weight and also to monitor the change in energy intake (behavioral factor). The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between selected cognitive factors (self-efficacy - and with respect to the general dining behavior and physical activity, self-esteem, personal causal orientation restrictive way of eating behavior) and changes in body weight. At the same time the respondents will track changes in energy intakeduring therapy. The study is to verify the reliability of the Czech version of the WELquestionnaire (Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire), PSQ (Physical Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) and extended range of restrictive behaviors related to food, based on a questionnaire TFEQ (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire).
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