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Evolution of molecular interaction between host and parasite
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Synek, Petr (referee)
Coevolution between host and parasite is a long-term object of scientific interest, mostly because of negative influence of parasites and human need to defend against it., The evidence concerning host-parasite coevolution mechanisms is, however, still incomplete and various models and theories are considered separately, out of the general concept. Beside generally well-known theories such as the "Red queen" theory or the coevolution "arms race" theory, several other models were proposed, e.g. the "gene for gene" model or the "matching allele" model, which describe detailed aspects of host-parasite coevolution and principles of genetic variability maintenance in their interaction. Although there are many studies mapping reciprocal evolution of hosts and parasites, the connection between empirical evidence and theoretical models is often missing. Therefore, this thesis covers theory on host-parasite evolutionary interactions and provides examples of host-parasite systems and molecules, which correspond to behavior of described models.
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The Theme of Escape, Nomadism and Teritorialization in the Work of Gilles Deleuze and Michel Maffesoli
Bílková, Barbora ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the study of issues of escape, nomadism and territorialisation with regard to postmodern society. These concepts are explored on the basis of works by two French postmodern authors: Giles Deleuze and Michel Maffesoli. However, the analysis of seemingly similar ways of telling about these topics is to prove their considerable difference with respect to their understanding of life, world and society. In the theoretical part, the research focuses on Deleuz's concepts of becoming, multiplicity and division of space into smooth and grooved and Maffesoli's concepts of postmodern society associated with neotribalism, its desire to wander and dynamic rooting. The analytical part of the thesis is based on these concepts to interpret the documentary cycle "Kmeny", which relates to the topic of urban subculture within the Czech Republic.
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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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The Theme of Escape, Nomadism and Teritorialization in the Work of Gilles Deleuze and Michel Maffesoli
Bílková, Barbora ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the study of issues of escape, nomadism and territorialisation with regard to postmodern society. These concepts are explored on the basis of works by two French postmodern authors: Giles Deleuze and Michel Maffesoli. However, the analysis of seemingly similar ways of telling about these topics is to prove their considerable difference with respect to their understanding of life, world and society. In the theoretical part, the research focuses on Deleuz's concepts of becoming, multiplicity and division of space into smooth and grooved and Maffesoli's concepts of postmodern society associated with neotribalism, its desire to wander and dynamic rooting. The analytical part of the thesis is based on these concepts to interpret the documentary cycle "Kmeny", which relates to the topic of urban subculture within the Czech Republic.
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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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Surrogacy
Bílková, Barbora ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
Surrogacy - abstract This master thesis deals with the phenomenon of surrogate motherhood (surrogacy) and analyses it from the point of view of Czech and British law, especially the Private law. Its main objective is to approximate to the answer to the question whether surrogacy should be entrenched in Czech law and, if so, what should the main features of such legal regulation be. In order to achieve this aim, it, firstly, focuses on the currently valid and effective Czech legislation. It is a well-known fact that, apart from the provision of § 804 of the Czech Civil Code, Czech law does not provide for surrogacy, at all. Surrogacy is, therefore, only partially regulated in some of its aspects, namely assisted reproduction, legal parenthood and adoption. Since the United Kingdom is often mentioned as one of the possible sources of inspiration for the future Czech legal regulation of surrogacy, British law concerning this phenomenon is considered in the following part of this thesis - especially in the light of the extensive case law. In particular, issues such as surrogacy arrangements, assisted reproduction, legal parenthood and transfer of legal parenthood (that is adoption and parental orders) are analysed. These are then subjected to critical assessment. In its last chapter, the thesis returns to the...
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Digitization and its impact on the print media. Case study of selected Czech periodicals.
Bílková, Barbora ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Poštulka, Filip (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of digitization and electronic media on print media. It shows the progress of development of the digital, its constant growth and transformation of getting public information, especially by particular theories of Marshall McLuhan, Jay David Bolter, Richard Grusin, Alessandro Ludovico and another authors dealing with the issues of media and digitization. The thesis shows a brief media development and the largest part is devoted to the digitization and remediation of the media. The central part is assessing the impact of digitization and the advent of electronic media on print media. It is shown how the print media deal with digitization. In the practical part of my work, it should find out how the print titles of the Czech market are, how are they affected by increasing digitization of media and how they try to deal with this aspect of trying to cope. All of these issues are shown in three cases, the daily newspapers Mladá Fronta DNES, Lidové noviny and Hospodářské noviny, which are the ones of the most important media in Czech republic, which have their printed version, with which they began. With digitization, however, they were forced to start also with their electronic versions. Key words: digitalization, electronic media, mass media, print media, electronic...
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Variability in health state of mice in Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus hybrid zone
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Vetešníková Šimková, Andrea (referee)
House mouse hybrid zone is a complex of subspecies Mus musculus musculus, Mus musculus domesticus and their hybrids. This hybrid zone is considered as a tension zone, maintained by balance between dispersion of individuals towards the zone center and negative selection against the hybrids. Decreased anti-parasite resistance could be one of selective factors which maintain the hybrid zone. In this thesis, I use hematological methods and skin-swelling test to compare variability in mouse health state within the house mouse hybrid zone. The skin-swelling test is a method measuring pro-inflammatory immune responsiveness. Since the commonly adopted method to perform this test does not allow clear interpretation of the test results, in this thesis I also aim to optimise the test protoco . I found that utilization of concanavalin A (ConA) is more suitable in mice than application of the commonly used phytohemaglutinin (PHA). Assessment of health state of mice by both hematological methods and skin-swelling test consistently indicates increased ability of anti-parasitic resistance in the subspecies M. m. musculus compared to subspecies M. m. domesticus. Hematological examination further shows better health state of hybrid individuals compared to parental subspecies. Our results support hybrid resistance hypothesis....
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