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Patterns of use and needs assessment of young adults using illicit drugs in Prague
Gažová, Nikola ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
Background: Understanding patterns of use and the needs of young adult users of illegal addictive substances presents a challenge primarily due to the hidden nature of this problem. Individuals engaging in problem drug use (PDU) may face severe health and social problems. Prague stands among regions with the highest prevalence of PDU, yet low-threshold addiction services note an aging trend among their clients. Establishing contact with this group has the potential to reduce consequences and encourage less risky usage patterns, while simultaneously facilitating entry into further addiction care services. Aim: The aim of the research was to analyze the needs of the young adult substance users in Prague, who fit the definition of PDU according to EMCDDA, with a focus on identifying patterns of usage and needs in relation to low-threshold addiction services. The research results were intended to serve as an initiative for improving the services provided. Methods: A study employing the Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) method was conducted. The research sample was obtained through purposive sampling and comprised 6 young adults in PDU in Prague (3 in contact with services, 3 from the hidden population), along with 18 key informants (peer workers, experts from low-threshold and other social services,...
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Harm reduction measures in the Czech prison: availability and distribution of condoms from the perspective of prisoners
Vašíčková, Jana ; Černíková, Tereza (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Background: The diploma thesis deals with the topic of prisons as a risky environment in relation to the transmission of infectious diseases. The condom distribution in prison settings is one of possible harm reduction interventions in terms of preventing the transmission of infectious diseases among prison population and in general society. Aims: The aim of the work is to map the availability and distribution of condoms and its perception from the prisoners' point of view in Prague-Pankrác Prison, where the distribution took place. The work also deals with the risky behaviour of convicts, through which infectious diseases are transmitted. File: The group of respondents consists of prisoners who served their sentences in two randomly selected wards where condoms were distributed. The data were collected in two waves, in which a total of 160 and 190 prisoners participated. The composition of the sample changed during the research due to the natural fluctuation of people who were accused and convicted in prisons and, in addition, due to a change in the law on the execution of sentences of imprisonment. Methods: The process evaluation was chosen for the research. A questionnaire study and a subsequent descriptive analysis of the data was performed. The first wave of data collection took place 1 month...
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Substance use among seniors using social services in the Central Bohemia Region
Bolková, Markéta ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Aging and old age have their own characteristic manifestations that affect individuals from the perspective of physical, psychological and social aspects. Old age is associated with certain risks, e.g. in association with changes of health status. This can affect the individual and influence the risk of the development of addiction. Harmful use of addictive substances and the risk of addiction are not related only to young people, but also to the elderly. Addictive substances which are used the most commonly include alcohol, psychoactive drugs and tobacco. Aims: The aim of the study was to map and describe patterns of substance use among seniors who use social services, specifically retirement homes for elderly and nursing services in the Central Bohemia region. Methods and sets: Data were obtained using a questionnaire survey within the quantitative research carried out in retirement homes for the elderly and nursing services in the Central Bohemia region. The social services were selected by the method of multi-stage random selection. The research set, which was selected by the method of deliberate sampling, consists of 100 respondents. Results: Respondents most often use alcohol, psychoactive drugs and tobacco. Prevalence use of tobacco and psychoactive drugs is higher among...
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The risk potential of gambling products for development of gambling disorder
Vařeková, Zuzana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
BACKGROUND: A gambling disorder, which newly ranks among an addiction disorder, may develop with a lack of control over playing the hazard games. The structural and situational characteristics affects the risk potential of each hazard game for development of a gambling disorder. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the work was to map the perceptions and experiences of the addictology workers, who specialize on the gamblers, on the risk potential of the various types of the gambling products and their characteristics. METHODS: The research was designed as a cross-sectional survey with using e-mail communication. The convenient sample consisted of professionals working in addiction treatment a counselling programs for people with gambling disorder, who met the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire includes the filter with inclusion criteria, questions about sociodemographic profile of the respondents, the characteristics of the clients and the risk potential of gambling products and their characteristics. The sample consisted of 18 professionals (response rate 28 %). Descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 70,1 % people with gambling disorder, who are clients of the respondents, gamble primarily online. Betting online was the largest part (48,8 %) of the primary preferred game, then technical game...
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Substance use by clients of the outreach program NO BIOHAZARD during the COVID 19 pandemic
Nováková, Tereza ; Chomynová, Pavla (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to map the patterns of substance abuse among clients of the outreach program No biohazard. The work aims to find out how and whether these patterns of use changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which hit the Czech Republic in early March 2020. Due to the global breadth of the pandemic, impacts and restrictions have affected almost all areas of human functioning. One of these areas was also the drug market. This study addresses how the restrictions associated with the pandemic affected the availability, price and quality of substances used among clients and whether during the pandemic the interest of outreach program clients in professional assistance such as treatment or counseling or substitution treatment increased. Research questions also ask about the availability of clean injection material and outreach programs during a pandemic. The study results serve as feedback on the functioning of the field program during the pandemic. I collected data for the purposes of the bachelor's thesis in a questionnaire survey among clients of the outreach program from March to June 2021. For the purposes of the survey, I created a questionnaire containing 23 questions focusing on current patterns of substance use and drug market changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. I...
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Residential social care centers with special regime for substance abusers and persons at risk of substance use
Černíková, Tereza ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Substance abuse is usually associated with young people, but occurs also among elderly for whom the abuse of alcohol and other substances poses an increased risk of a whole range of health and social harms. The current system of addictological care in the Czech Republic is not systematically focused on the target group of elderly and this target group is rather at the edge of attention. Nevertheless, in the Czech Republic there are social services, residential social care centres with special regime for elderly people with a dependency problem. These programs are similar to the nursing homes for aging drug users known from abroad. Aims: The aim of this work is to describe the characteristics of residential social care centres with special regime for substance abusers and persons at risk of substance use in the Czech Republic in the areas of clients of the facilities, methods of work with the target group, personnel and funding of the facilities. Methods: An on-line cross-sectional questionnaire study and descriptive data analysis were conducted. According to the Registry of Social Service Providers in the Czech Republic there is 16 residential social care centres with special regime for substance abusers and persons at risk of substance use, all of them were chosen for the study....
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Drug Courts: A Comparison of Approaches to the Prosecuted Ones for Drug-Related Crimes in Belgium and Czech Republic
Černíková, Tereza ; Fidesová, Hana (advisor) ; Štefunková, Michaela (referee)
Background: Following the model of the drug treatment courts in USA, this institute is applied in some European countries as well, which is the direction the Czech justice could proceed. Due to the similarities in the system of care for drug users and demographic situations, this paper compares the approaches to prosecuted ones for drug law offenses in the Czech Republic to Belgium, where drug treatment courts already exist. Aims: The aim of this work is to compare approaches to the prosecuted ones for drug law offenses in the Czech Republic and Belgium, and to propose appropriate solutions or research in this area for the Czech Republic. Methods: The method of analysis is used while studying literature and documents. A method of comparison compares the drug scene, system of an addictological care and drug- related crimes in both countries. Furthermore compares approaches to the prosecuted ones for drug offenses in the Czech Republic and Belgium, especially alternatives and their use in practice. Results: In Belgium, there are significantly more used alternatives in the earlier stages of the criminal proceedings than the courts. The biggest difference, however, is the existence of the project Proefzorg (the level of a criminal prosecution) and drug treatment court (court proceeding) in Belgium,...
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