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Effects of Population Ageing on the Pension Systems in EU
Králová, Adéla ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis comprehensively analyses the demographic and economic challenges of selected European countries due to an ageing population. The study involves a demographic projection for the period up to the year 2150, highlighting the anticipated increase in the old-age dependency ratio, thereby imposing a growing burden on the working-age population. The significance of individual demographic variables on the old-age dependency ratio is anal- ysed in the panel data regression, indicating that life expectancy has the most significant impact. The demographic projection is further utilised to construct generational accounts to calculate generation-specific pension payments and ex- penditures. Generational accounts show that increasing payments from younger generations will not be enough to cover future pension expenditures, indicating the long-term unsustainability of the PAYG system.
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Wage gap between NBA and WNBA
Báčová, Magdaléna ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (referee)
A highly discussed topic of the gender wage gap with a specific focus on professional basketball in the United States is examined in this study. The re- search question asks why and how do the salaries between NBA and WNBA differ. With a final sample of 416 observations from the NBA and 124 from the women's league considering the 2021 season only, an econometric method of Ordinary Least Squares revealed few noteworthy differences in key salary deter- minants. Namely, athletes' peak career age, in regards to earnings, is estimated at the age of 33 in the WNBA and 28 in the case of an NBA player. In addition to that, while points scored appear to be the key salary determinant in both leagues, average minutes played and draft outcome seem to have significance only in the men's league. Alongside with that, the wage gap is estimated at 98.75%. Theoretical part then summarized differences in salary-settings and restrictions. An interesting finding is that men athletes may reach the maxi- mum possible salary being equal to 35% of their league's salary cap, whereas the highest-paid athletes in the WNBA get hold of 16.5% of the league's salary cap only. Additionally, Gini Index of 0.5398 in line with a quantile regression numerically expressed disproportionate distribution of salaries in the NBA. The thesis betokens...
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Determinants of Residential Property Prices in Russian Federation
Burešová, Kristina ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
The thesis investigates the determinants of apartment prices in Russia. We examined the relationships between quarterly apartment prices in the primary and secondary markets and a wide range of explanatory variables using a het- erogeneous panel of 73 regions from 2005 Q1 to 2019 Q4. Because the variables were co-integrated, the long-run relationships were estimated using a panel dynamic OLS. The short-run dynamic was captured by the error correction model. Wages and construction costs were found to be the core determinants of apartment prices in both the primary and secondary markets. Construc- tion costs were dominant in the primary market and wages in the secondary market. Unemployment, age structure, migration, exchange rate index, and existing apartment area per capita were identified as additional price determi- nants. Negative error correction terms implied that, following a market shock, apartment prices would revert to their long-run equilibria. The sample was then divided into subsets containing wealthy and poor regions to test for ro- bustness. The regression results suggested di erent dynamics in the wealthy regions, but otherwise confirmed the results' robustness. Finally, subperiods were subjected to indicative analysis. However, no significant changes were observed following the 2008...
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Macroeconomic Determinants of Crime: Evidence from Scandinavia
Hocková, Michaela ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis examines how various macroeconomic and demographic indicators infuence criminality in Scandinavian countries, taking into account existing literature on the determinants of crime in other regions. Using a combination of the vector error correction model and basic panel data techniques, several important fndings are extrapolated both on cross-country and regional levels. Unemployment, infation and divorces infuence the number of homicides and sexual crimes positively but property ofences negatively. Criminality in Scan- dinavia is also negatively related to average age and positively to population density. The importance of individual analyses for diferent global regions and crime types before the implementation of crime reduction policies is highlighted. JEL Classifcation A12, C23, J11, K42, O52, R19 Keywords criminality, panel regression, VECM, regional analysis, Scandinavia Title Macroeconomic Determinants of Crime: Evidence from Scandinavia
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Analyzing the Effect of Google Searches on the Czech Real Estate Market
Racocha, Tomáš ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Kalabiška, Roman (referee)
This thesis examines what effect online search data has on the Czech real estate market, specifically on the number of transactions and apartment prices. A key feature of my work is the analysis of the sampling error associated with Google Trends data which can greatly influence results if not accounted for. To measure the explanatory power of online search data, a set of baseline models using macroeconomic variables was estimated for each specification, and then search indices were added as additional independent variables. In every examined setting, enhancing traditional models with Google Trends data improved model performance in terms of several different evaluation metrics.
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Consequences of liberalization of electricity market
Kalabiška, Roman ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Valíčková, Petra (referee)
This thesis examines the impacts of liberalization of electricity market. The first part of this work provides theoretical overview of the liberalization process and electricity market design in Czech Republic. To understand how the european wholesale markets are integrated, I have performed correlation analysis of daily spot prices on selected power exchanges. On the basic of this analysis I confirmed that selected power exchanges are on different levels of integration and have higher dependency on regional level. The second part of the empirical part is focused on the impact of competition on czech retail market. The objective was to show that liberalization and following increase of competition in electricity market result into decrease of retailers' gross profit margins in the segment of housholds with ordinary consumption. The last part of this work is focused on the measurement of market power using the most famous methods of measuring market power, such as Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index. My calculations indicate that while market concentration has decreased in the long run, since 2012 it is slightly increasing. I have also learned that selected retailers are on similar level of market power. This work fills the gap in literature focusing on the issue of measuring market power...
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