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Evaluation of muscle endurance among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Pospíšilová, Markéta ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Aim of this thesis is to compare muscle endurance in group of people with different physical activity. For this thesis we chose 24 people, specifically 14 women and 10 men, who were 21-27 years old and we divided them into two groups according to their daily energy expenditure into active and inactive group. Because of the fact that during physical activity ratio of body composition changes, part of this thesis was also anthropological measurement, where we measured body composition of every person by method of bioimpedance and also their weight and height. We also measured spirometry parameters. Then we used myometer and pinchgrip for measurement of muscle endurance in selected group of muscles in half of maximal strength. We discovered significant differences in muscle endurance in various groups of muscle. In some groups of muscles we proved significantly higher values of muscle endurance (determined as time of endurance test and area under the curve of dependence of muscle strength on time) in the group of people with higher daily energy expenditure. We successfully proved significant association of muscle endurance with energy expenditure, body composition and spirometrical parameters.
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Evaluation of the Prediction Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure in Critically ill Patients
Tichá, Veronika ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate Mgr.Veronika Tichá Consultant PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Evaluation of the prediction equations for resting energy expenditure in critically ill patients The inaccurate prediction of nutritional requirements of critically ill patients can cause overfeeding or underfeeding. It may lead to deceleration of repair processes, failure of organ function to fatal consequences. Indirect calorimetry is the most accurate method for assessment of energy requirements, but it not available in every intensive care unit. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of the prediction equations in critically ill patients and compare them with REE measured by indirect calorimetry. The study took place in the intensive care unit at FN HK during 8 months. Twenty patients were examined (mean age 35 years ± 16 years, BMI 27,8 kg/m2 ± 8,4 kg/m2 ). Measure of resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry were compare with REE calculate by using different nineteen prediction equations. Resting energy expenditure was on average 2166 kcal/d ± 552 kcal/d. Only these equations - Ireton-Liepa (2239 kcal/d ± 341 kcal/d; P = 0,6152; 103 % MEE), Ireton-Jones 1997 (2266...
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Evaluation of nitrogen balance with respect to the administered parenteral and enteral nutrition and the composition of the body in critically ill patients
Vaňková, Martina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to identify and assess the nitrogen balance due to the field of nutritional support, body composition, energy expenditure, utilization of nutritional substrates and their changes during the hospitalization. Nitrogen balance was determined in 12 men and one woman (age 44 ± 16,4 years) with multiple injuries (ISS 40 ± 11) in the ICU based on 2 measurements in the time interval of 1-7 days, as the difference between the received and the ecrected nitrogen. The energy expenditure and nutritional substrate utilization nutritional indirect calorimetry, body composition analysis and blood chemistry laboratory were examined at patients. Correlation analysis revealed dependence between nitrogen balance and other monitored parameters and also dependence on the length of their trauma. Total protein intake averaged 1,40 ± 0,69 g.kg-1 .d-1 . At this dose were recorded negative values of nitrogen balance in the first measurement of the 9-patients and in the second measurement of the whole group. In this work also the results of uptake of parenteral and enteral route were compared. In practice, significant correlations were found between total uptake and energy expenditure (p = 6,31.10-3 ; r = 0,6) in the first measurement, and on the other hand negative correlation during the second...
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Exercise as Medicine. Growth Hormone Response to High-intensity Interval Training
Bažantová, Michaela ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Michaela Bažantová Supervisor: Ass. Prof. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Diploma thesis: Exercise as Medicine: Growth Hormone Response to High- -intensity Interval Training The present research focused on growth hormone response to exercise is part of a wider project related to the beneficial effect of high-intensity interval training and therefore is related to the topic of "exercise as medicine". We hypothesized that as shown by Booth et al, in several systems of our organism (such as the cardiovascular system, skeletal system etc.) our genome is maladapted, because of our reduced physical activity compared to our ancestors. Therefore, also the growth hormone response (GH) to exercise is decreased. Several mechanisms, such as increased lactate concentration in blood, increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, afferent signals from muscle metabolic receptors etc., have been proposed as stimuli for the GH response to exercise. The aim of the present research is the study of a possible metabolic stimulus of a relative muscular hypoxia, which is the ratio between energy demand and oxygen availability, as the main regulator of the growth hormone production.
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Selected factors influencing parturition
Kolczová, Kateřina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FARMACEUTICKÁ FAKULTA V HRADCI KRÁLOVÉ Katedra biologických a lékařských věd Kateřina Kolczová Rigorózní práce VYBRANÉ FAKTORY OVLIVŇUJÍCÍ PRŮBĚH PORODU Školitel: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Vedoucí katedry: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Hradec Králové 2007 ABSTRAKT Rigorózní práce zahrnuje výsledky hodnocení porodů u 371 rodiček z FN v Hradci Králové z roku 2001. Hodnocen byl vlastní průběh porodu a obvyklé parametry, které se používají k jejich hodnocení jako délka gravidity, datum porodu, věk, hmotnost, BMI, výška matky, hmotnost a délka novorozence, přípravný kurz k porodu, trvání porodu, a jeho částí, léky použité při porodu, episiotomie, krevní ztráta, komplikace u porodu, přítomnost otce u porodu. Jednotlivé parametry byly vyhodnoceny a popsány vztahy mezi nimi. ABSTRACT The thesis includes the results of the evaluation in 371 births from University Hospital in Hradec Kralove in 2001. It was evaluated actual parturition and the usual parameters, such as length of gestation, birth date, age, weight, BMI, maternal height, weight and length of the newborn, a prenatal course for the delivery, duration of labor, medication used during labor, episiotomy, blood loss, complications at birth, and father's presence at childbirth. Individual parameters were evaluated and...
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Evaluation of the Composition of Breast Milk in Relation to Nutritional Lactating Women
Kotilová, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Kotilová Lucie Consultant: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Evaluation of the Composition of Breast Milk in Relation to Nutritional Lactating Women Maternal milk is considered the ideal nutrition for infants during the six months of life. Its quality is an important factor affecting the well-being of newborns. The quality of breast milk is linked with a number of internal and external factors. One of the external factors is maternal nutrition which means a diet of lactating mothers. Our study included 38 lactating mothers with their babies. We made a number of measurements, in which we focused on the composition of dietary intake of mothers and composition of breast milk. The aim of our study was to detect interactions between maternal nutritional intake and composition of breast milk. The composition of nutritional intake of mothers did not observe statistically significant differences depending on the duration of breastfeeding. Energy intake of lactating mothers in kcal/kg varied slowly (ANOVA P = 0.4666). No statistically significant changes between intake of vitamins, intake of minerals and trace elements were observed. We revealed a...
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Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Jenšík, Martin ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martin Jenšík Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is step by step moving ahead in public and scientific interest due to its fast rising in mortality rate. Contemporary studies observed a phenomena that patients with COPD have increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that leads to loss of fat free mass and total weight. Our goal was to confirm or disprove this hypothesis. Our research ran in Department of research and development at University hospital Hradec Králové. In our study participated 30 patients, 26 men and 4 women, mean age 67 ± 8 let. Every patient was once examined after twelve-hour fasting. We determined REE and substrate utilization by method of indirect calorimetry. We confirmed increased REE from the average value of REE - 122 ± 14 % predicted by Harris - Benedict equation. None patient was hypometabolic, 7 were normometabolic and 23 hypermetabolic. Substrate utilization did not differ contrary to physiological values. Furthermore we discovered correlation among fat mass, fat free mass,...
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