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Protection of Privacy and Personal Data in European Union Lawwith Regards to Data Retention
Serdula, Ondřej ; Král, Richard (advisor) ; Forejtová, Monika (referee) ; Smolek, Martin (referee)
1 PROTECTION OF PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA IN EUROPEAN UNION LAW WITH REGARDS TO DATA RETENTION ABSTRACT The thesis deals with the issue of data retention, i.e. the issue of storing communications metadata by telecommunications service providers for the purpose of possible later access to this data by state authorities. The thesis focuses not only on the relevant EU legislation, but also on the related case law of the Court of Justice, which plays crucial role in determining the standard of protection offered by EU law. This analysis focuses on two main legal issues - the issue of scope of the EU legislation in this area and the issue of proportionality. With regards to the first issue, the author is of the opinion that the Court of Justice interprets the scope of the relevant EU legislation overly broadly. Author criticizes the fact that the Court of Justice applied secondary law adopted on the basis of Article 95 TEC on the issue of access to the retained data by the Member States authorities, including the authorities of Member States which are active in the field of national security. Regarding the issue of proportionality, author criticizes the fact that the Court of Justice perceives the blanket retention of communications metadata to be incompatible with EU law as such, no matter how strict the...
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Application of the Lisbon Treaty provisions on involvement of national parliaments in the EU decision-making process 10 years later
Tetourová, Eva ; Král, Richard (referee)
Application of the Lisbon Treaty provisions on involvement of national parliaments in the EU decision-making process 10 years later Abstract Adoption of the Lisbon Treaty has brought about several essential institutional changes in the functioning of the European Union. For example, a further shift towards co-decision by the European Parliament on secondary law that became ordinary legislative procedure. Also, qualified majority voting in the Council has been extended and subjected to the new conditions. Last but not least, the EU competences have been divided as exclusive, shared and supporting. These and related further steps simultaneously gave rise to a more intense involvement of national parliaments, both in the sense of a scrutiny over a due exercise of conferred powers as well as a democratic safeguard of the new processes. The main goal of this thesis is to present a comprehensive picture of existing legal framework in this field, including a brief summary on crucial historical factors that have been shaping it until its current form. Hand in hand with that, it also offers evaluation of the most frequently used mechanisms throughout the 10 years of its application. Consequently, it leads to a reflection on how, and if at all, effectively exploit the potential of national parliaments in this regard,...
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Leniency programmes and private enforcement of cartel law
Kocí, Miloš ; Král, Richard (advisor) ; Petr, Michal (referee) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
Leniency programmes and private enforcement of cartel law The available data suggests that there is an indisputable correlation between the declining attractivity of the leniency programme of the European Commission on the one hand, and the recent boom of private enforcement of cartel law on the other. It seems that in the past few years companies have become demotivated to submit leniency applications, which leads to a lower level of cartel detection and ultimately results in the weakening of both the public and private pillars of cartel law enforcement. This thesis focuses on areas that have not yet been sufficiently clarified by legislation and case-law and that are - when it comes to follow-on proceedings dealing with damages claims, held before national courts - associated with substantial risks for potential leniency applicants: (i) establishing of jurisdiction of national courts in the proceedings on claims for damages caused by anticompetitive conduct, (ii) protection of confidential information within the framework of hybrid settlements with the European Commission and in the proceedings before national courts, (iii) interpretation and application of presumptions of the existence and amount of harm caused by anticompetitive conduct and (iv) determination of the amount of harm caused by...
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The Nature and Effects of the EU Court of Justice Decisions
Fellerová Palkovská, Iva ; Král, Richard (referee)
The EU Court of Justice is the judicial body of the Union, which gives judgments in a wide variety of proceedings and thus fulfills the role of a constitutional, supreme and administrative court. It contributed to the evolution of Union law significantly. The main aim of this thesis is to map the characteristics and effects of the EU Court of Justice judgments towards parties to the case and third parties. Therefore the functioning of precedential effects of CJEU judgments, its temporal effects, force of res judicata of judgments and its enforceability is analyzed in the thesis. These characteristics and effects are put into broader context also with regard to the position and mission of the EU Court of Justice in the institutional structure of the Union.
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Regulation EU on consumer protection cooperation - practical aspects of its adaptation and application
Manduľáková, Lenka ; Král, Richard (advisor) ; Kunertová, Tereza (referee)
Regulation EU on cooperation in the field of consumer protection Abstract The thesis is dealing with a legislation based on EU law regulated cross-border cooperation of competent authorities in the field of consumer protection. It is also dealing with its implementation into the national law. The goal of the thesis is thus providing a comprehensive and complex view of the functioning of so-called CPC cooperation. The uncertainties that requirements of the Regulation 2006/2004, by which the CPC cooperation was initialised, brought to the competent authorities when they were providing the CPC cooperation in practice, is gradually revealing in the thesis. This is received through the examination of the content and development of the relevant legislation at the EU level, same as through the analysis of the relevant implementation provided in the Czech Republic legal system. The analysis of the Czech legislation that implemented the Regulation 2006/2004 shows other uncertainties occurring just in the field of national legal system, and therefore it seems the relevant implementation of the regulation was not in accordance with the requirements of consistency and predictability of the relevant legislation. The development of the European legislation related to the cross-border cooperation of the competent...
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Abuse of European Union law
Matějec, Martin ; Král, Richard (advisor) ; Sehnálek, David (referee) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
Abuse of European Union law Abstract The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the principle of the prohibition of abuse of EU law and its applicability in various areas of EU law. The dissertation focuses mainly on the analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice, which plays a crucial role in defining the principle and the scope of its application. The following research questions are set out in the dissertation: 1) What practice constitutes the abuse of law under EU law?; 2) Does the Court of Justice apply only one single principle of the prohibition of abuse of EU law or does it apply various principles to different areas covered by EU law?; 3) If there is only one principle of the prohibition of abuse of EU law, how is this principle applied in various areas of EU law? Is the principle applied always in the same manner or are there areas of EU law that are subject to a more restrictive application of this principle? 4) What are the legal means that can prevent the abusive practices of economic operators or more precisely what are the legal means that can reduce the abuse of law? In order to answer these research questions the dissertation is divided into five parts. The first part defines the notion of abuse of law and the purpose of the principle of the prohibition of abuse of law, which finds...
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Liberalization of postal services in the European Union and its implementation in the Czech Republic.
Březina, Pavel ; Král, Richard (advisor) ; Exner, Jan (referee)
1 Abstract Liberalization of postal services in the European Union and its implementation in the Czech Republic This theses focuses on the liberalization of postal services in the Czech Republic. The main goal of this thesis is the analysis of Czech legislation transposing the respective legislation of the European Union and its critical evaluation. By this also the analysis and evaluation on the state of the liberalization of the Czech postal market is performed. The first chapter sump up the development of regulation of postal services on the territory of today's Czech Republic prior to the year 2000, the second chapter is focusing on the time period between the years 2000 and 2012. The focus of the third chapter lies on the key aspects of the liberalized postal market after the year 2000 - the compensation fund, the issues of universal services, the financing of universal service and the concept of net cost. The fourth chapter makes the reader familiar with the concept of access to the postal infrastructure and explains how this access works, is used in everyday life and also addresses its problems. Within the fifth and last chapter of the theses the main reasons preventing the (further successful) liberalization of the postal market are discussed, these being the value added tax exemption for universal...
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Enhanced Cooperation in the EU
Černý, Filip ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Král, Richard (referee)
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU Abstract Enhanced cooperation has been a widely discussed in the context of the further possible development of the European integration and its direction. It represents a mechanism which introduces elements of flexible integration into the EU law. This thesis aims to provide a complete view of the process of enhanced cooperation. The first part focuses on the definition of flexibility and its theoretical concepts. The following parts of the thesis are then fully focused on enhanced cooperation as a specific legal instrument regulated by the Treaties. First of all, it mentions its historical development from the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Treaty of Lisbon and the changes it has undergone. After that there is the analysis of the legal provisions on enhanced cooperation itself. It discusses the whole process of establishing enhanced cooperation and the conditions necessary for that. There are also discussed special rules for activation of enhanced cooperation in the area of the common foreign and security policy and the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Furthermore, a substantial part of the work is devoted to the application of enhanced cooperation in practice. Five cases of enhanced cooperation established so far are analysed in that part. In each case, the...
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The Quantification of Damages caused by breach of the European Union Competition Law and Private Enforcement of its Compensation
Fabian, Petr ; Král, Richard (advisor) ; Boháček, Martin (referee) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
The Quantification of Damages caused by breach of the European Union Competition Law and Private Enforcement of its Compensation Abstract Effective competition is key issue for achieving the economic prosperity of the internal market, improving the quality of production and maximizing employment. On the contrary restriction of the competition can lead to inefficient allocation of resources, loss of economic welfare and damages to both competitors and consumers. Achieving and maintaining of the effective competition is therefore one of the main objectives of the European Union. This can be achieved through means of public and private enforcement. While pubic enforcement has, in particular, punitive and deterring function, private enforcement has, in particular, compensatory function. Despite these differences both categories complement each other. That is why this thesis deals with the relationship between private and public enforcement. On 26 November 2014, the European Union adopted Directive 2014/104/EU, which partially harmonises private enforcement in relation to the right to compensation for damages caused by a breach of competition law. The aim of this work is to analyze the positives and negatives of this harmonization. The dissertation also deals with the comparison of two reference transpositional...
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Non-contractual liability of the EU
Navrátil, Petr ; Tomášek, Michal (advisor) ; Král, Richard (referee) ; Sehnálek, David (referee)
Non-contractual liability of the EU Abstract The aim of this thesis is to systemize the history of EU non-contractual liability; to analyse in detail the current concept of non-contractual liability of the EU, including procedural and substantive law aspects; to present a brief comparative analysis of selected national legal systems and their role in the regarding the general principles common to the laws of the Member States (and vice versa to reflect on the influence of EU non-contractual liability and its' possible role in the europeanization of administrative law); to contextualise non-contractual liability of the EU (with regard to constitutional, international and national aspects) and to consider compensation for damages caused by the EU as a tool for (un)effective judicial protection of individuals. Research methods are content analysis and comparison. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is introductory and defines the subject of research, the methods used and terminology. The second chapter deals with an analysis of the current state of professional debate on non-contractual liability of the EU. The main part of the thesis focuses on the identification of problems connected to non-contractual liability of the EU and contextualization of those problems. In that regard...
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