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Intimacy as one of the basic signs of close relationships
Haubertová, Daniela ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Close relationships fulfil the need of an individual to start and keep close relationships with other people. These are main basic needs of a human being. Partnership, family and friendship are all considered to be close relationships. We can find common elements among them but also there are specific differences. Intimacy is by all means one of the main components of close relationships and this work is focused on it. We mention knowledge which can be found in literature, emphasis is put on foreign sources. This work shows results of prototypical study of the term intimacy, which reveals layman structure of this term and offers, apart from traditional definitions, a different view of the subject, especially the contrasts which are typical for close relationships in partnerships, family relationships and friendships. Key words: Close relationships, intimacy, prototypical approach, prototypic scale
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Attachment in couple relationship and in marriage
Komárková, Soňa ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
This study examine the interrelationship between the attachment in relationship and in marriage and relationship satisfaction. Based on theoretical models of attachment the study works empirically with a 2-factor concept of adult attachment. It deals with selected components of the relationship aspects of adult attachment. Another important issue is the relationship satisfaction. The work proposes a Czech translation of questionnaires Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised and the Couples Satisfaction Index and uses them in a research. Quantitative research was conducted on a sample of 258 respondents. 49 of them were clients of marriage counselling or psychotherapy practice. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between the factors of attachment (Anxiety and Avoidance) and relationship satisfaction. The strongest correlation was found between satisfaction and anxiety. The results confirm the theory of attachment, according to which more securely attached individuals are more satisfied in a relationship than those less securely attached. The factors of attachment have proved to be better predictors of relationship satisfaction than age, gender or type of relationship (couple relationship / marriage). Key words: adult attachment, couple relationship, marriage, marital satisfaction,...
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Cultural identity of migrants in France
Sudová, Hana ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
This master thesis investigates adaptation and cultural identity of migrants living in France. The sample consisted of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and French overseas departments who went to France for their studies. The research contains a qualitative and a quantitative part. The qualitative study was realized through semi-structural interwiev, in which partici- pated 19 students in age from 21-33 years. Results indicate that the migrants identify in their country of origin mostly with solidarity and warmth of the people, which contrasts with impersonal relationships of an individualistic french society. In spite of occasional experience with discrimination in France, most of migrants seem to adapt quite well. In France, they appretiate mostly the opportunity to succeed in life, which is given to everybody, something that is far from the case in their country of origin. In the quantitative study, 40 migrants in age from 18-45 years completed a questionnaire survey on internet. Due to a small number of participants the research have rather orientatio- nal character. Results indicated, unexpectedly, that the strenght of ethnic identity diminishes over time, which is in contradiction with several previous studies. Another result reveal that African women show better social and psychological...
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Psychological aspects of membership in online communities
Janda, Marek ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
This thesis focuses on online communities - both their historic and current form. Various forms of communications are described, main focus is then given to identity online and self-presentation - various forms it can take, which expressive devices are used, how trustworthy is it and how is it perceived by other others. Influence of anonymity is mentioned. Empirical part of this work explores online friendship relations, cornerstone of the current wave of social networking services. It asks several questions about ways in which they affect communication between users. Relation between several factors (reciprocity, direction of initiation of said relation) and both quantity and frequency of communication between those users before and after that friendship is established.
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Unemployment
Růžková, Jitka Eva ; Štikar, Jiří (referee) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of unemployment and its possible prevention by developing key competencies such as knowledge, skills, attitudes and personal characteristics. These are not only universally applicable when looking for a job, but are generally useful considering present demands. In the general part this thesis brings closer some theoretical solutions explaining the relationship between humans and work and it sheds light on the present understanding of unemployment as a social problem that has considerable impact on certain, perhaps socially challenged or vulnerable, groups of people. At this point are presented facts about the impact of unemployment on human beings and their interaction with demographic and personal characteristics. Furthermore the reader becomes acquainted with thus far used approaches to conceptualizations of competencies, their effect on successful merging into the work life and possibilities of measurement. The conclusion of this section attends to the possibilities of preventing unemployment in terms of focus, forms and methods. More space is devoted to consulting as the most effective method and to contemporary interdisciplinary approach to issues of unemployment in the context of employment policy. The practical section briefly presents creation of one of the...
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Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky: cultural-historical theory
Soukupová, Naděžda ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jaromír (referee)
Goal of the thesis is to present main topics of L. S. Vygotsky's cultural-historical theory, especially with respect to the question of nature and character of human being. It's focused on philosophical and scientifical sources of the cultural-historical theory and the development of Vygotsky's thinking during his professional career. It attempts to picture his concept in the context of his life, as well as in the context of ideas and historic events of his era.
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Relationship of leadership and emotionality at individuals of different gender
Ševčíková, Juliana ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
Emotionality as an inevitable part of psychic processes of a man is an important variable in everyday social interactions. Formal work environment and the context of leadership influence behavior of people in connection with specific features typical for individual social roles. Gender as a social and cultural construct belongs to person's characteristics and it is conditioned by a situation, and as well as social roles it has an impact on emotional manifestation of an individual.. The research on emotionality specifics of individual groups in relation to their gender and work position was carried out on the sample of 259 leading and non-leading employees. The results confirmed a possible relation of various modality of emotional manifestation to gender and leadership, as well as persistent perception of leadership role as a masculine one. There is a question emerging whether a professional role impact is transferred into private areas of leaders' life and to what extent are the changes - which may this social role contribute to - permanent in time. Key words: Leadership. Leader. Non-leader. Emotionality. Social role. Gender. Gender stereotypes.
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Reality as a system phenomenon
Babicová, Danica ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with relations between the way we construct our reality and human existence in terms of its biological, psychic and social system consequences. It is also concerned with the way we construct our reality through communication. The theories discussed in this thesis can be generally described as constructivist or systemic. In the second part of the thesis we applied the prototype approach to a study of understanding of the term "reality" in laymen population. The research was two-phased. In the first phase we acquired statements on what is understood under the term "reality". We then categorized the statements. In the second phase the categories were rated by the subjects on a Likert-type scale. The outcome of our study are some content definitions of the term "reality". Key
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Loafing and punishment: psychological study of laziness
Polák, Jakub ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
Contrary to our intuitive expectations about a positive group influence on human performance behaviour, there is a vast body of literature proving the opposite. All the research is based on findings of Max Ringelmann who more than 120 years ago proved in the oldest social psychological experiment ever known that people cooperating on a common task tend to exert less effort than what would be their potential. This performance decrement is caused by coordination losses which relate to the very principles of a team work as well as motivation losses. Because of the tendency of people to limit their effort in collective settings the newly discovered phenomenon has been called social loafing. A group influence on individual's performance became also a main subject of this diploma thesis. Compared to a majority of research dealing with the same topic the present one employs a completely new type of interactive task which involves an intensive cooperation of all group members. We have used in our experiment an original simulation where players are in a role of top management in one movie production company and their goal is to make a strategic decision based on the information distributed among all the team members that will bring them the biggest profit. Consequently we have directly analysed behaviour of...
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Selection of police officers for special forces
Nezbedová, Tereza ; Riegel, Karel (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
MY THESIS REPORTS ON SURVEY ABOUT THE PRESENT FORMA OF PERSONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POLICE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC WITH ACCENT ON ASSESSMENTS INTO THE SPECIALIZED UNITS LIKE INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY OR FAST-DEPLOYMENT UNITS. THE FOCUS OF THE THESIS IS TO FIND OUT CHARACTER AND OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR SUCCESFUL SERVE IN THESE UNITS. FURTHER IN THE THESIS IS SHOWN COMPARISON OF THE MAIN DIFFERENCES IN THOSE TWO SPECIALIZED UNITS.
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