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Earthen Plaster (cob) on Timber Framing of Traditional Buildings: preparation, application and maintenance
Novotný, Martin
The submitted methodology presents an instruction to produce and apply earthen plaster cob on log houses, or on walls made from woven lattices of wooden strips. After gaining necessary routine and skills, the submitted building technique is very effective for manual work. The submitted technique is intended for the application of two-layer anchored and not-anchored earthen plaster (cob). Anchored plaster is applied on an anchoring lattice made on wall structure, using small wooden pegs driven into log house´s beams. Not-anchored plaster is applied directly on the wall, without the anchoring lattice. The plaster is applied in two layers, whereby the first (rough) layer contains longer particles of organic origin (chaff, cut straw). When making replicas and copies of buildings which are constructed using the log technique and provided with earthen plaster, the below described procedure seems to be effective. Earthen plaster is a protective and decorative layer on the walls.
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The structure and function of transmembrane proteins ABCG2
Vávra, Jiří ; Mančíková, Andrea (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
ABCG2 (ABCP/MXR/BCRP) transporters create homodimers through the plasma membrane. They play an important role in transmembrane transport of a wide spectrum of biological substrates. They are essential for renal, intestinal, placental and haematoencephalic barrier function. In particular they perform an excretory function, protect cells against toxic compounds and xenobiotic cumulation. They are also involved in metabolic regulation of stem cells. This bachelor thesis summarizes information about ABCG2 protein function, their physiological role in humans and other mammals. Keywords: ABCG2, BCRP, membrane transporters, multidrug resistention (MDR), ATP binding cassette family (ABC)
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Role of long non-coding RNAs in plants
Klodová, Božena ; Honys, David (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a group of transcripts with length greater than 200 nucleotides having low coding potential. It is a group of regulatory ribonucleic acid (RNA) still not fully understood but with significant potential in many biological processes across different species. For animals, many important lncRNA regulators and their roles in a range of events including their involvement in carcinogenic diseases have been reported. However, particular mechanisms of functions are often yet to be discovered. Considering plants, economically important species such as rice, maize or soybean are of particular interest. There are still only several fully annotated transcripts. However, with the constant improvement of sequencing and bioinformatic methods, the importance of lncRNA (for example in pathogen resistance or plant reproduction) becomes clear. This bachelor thesis reviews up-to-date knowledge about lncRNAs and their roles in plants. It also describes the difficulties of lncRNA research and discusses their future potential.
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Coevolution of cytokines from the interleukin 10 family and their receptors
Harazim, Markéta ; Schneider, Bohdan (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Interleukin 10 family (FIL-10) is an important family of cytokines triggering immune response of different outcome, from antiinflammatory factor interleukin (IL) 10 through epithelia related subfamily of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, to IL-22 and IL-26 with role in infection immunity. The family is closely related to interferons (IFNs), several of which (Interferon λs) are commonly placed into FIL-10 for its functional and structural similarities with FIL-10 proteins. FIL-10 interleukins share several receptors, which in different combinations of receptors and interleukin result in different immune response. As the family proteins are expressed in as evolutionary old taxa as cartilaginous fish, we presumed a coevolution in the protein family and the corresponding receptors would be detectable in the sequences of genes and subsequently proteins of FIL-10. Using statistical methods, evolutionary relations within the group of FIL-10 and group of their receptors were resolved. Coevolution of the cytokine-receptor combination in FIL-10 was detected in some of the expected cases. IL10RB seems to be consistently in coevolution with IL-10. Evolution of IL20RB receptor, which is shared within the group by IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, is directed by IL-20 evolution, coevolution with IL-19 and IL-24 is in most cases...
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How do objects arise?
Novotný, Michal ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Kolář, Martin (referee)
Proposed thesis is an attempt to summarise the term object in the work of American philosopher Graham Harman, he himself named Object oriented ontology. The accent will be given also to other terms such as realism, essence, quadruple dimension of object, withdrawal of object, intentionality, conception of time and space, emanation and others. It attempts to create a certain genealogy of those terms in the work of other authors (Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzche, Merleau-Ponty) and consequent comparison with the use of those terms in Harman's work. The aim is to create a certain critical overview of Harman's conception of o object and in general speculative realism theory and point out certain other approached to the classical subject-object dimension.
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Impact of protein transmembrane domains on membrane organisation
Šljivnjak, Erna ; Cebecauer, Marek (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Plasma membrane is not a static, but rather a dynamic structure that constantly changes its form and local properties. Interactions between building blocks of plasma membrane and external factors are responsible for those changes. In this thesis, I summarize the literature which describes interactions between transmembrane proteins and lipid membranes as well as its consequences. I discuss membrane thickness, respectively thinning, protein sorting and clustering shown to be dependent on the properties of transmembrane domains. Furthermore, the role of proteins in various model of the plasma membrane organization are indicated. Finally, I report on currently discovered impact of the surface roughness of TMDs on local mobility and organization of lipids. All these data indicate importance of detailed understanding of TMDs, their properties and relation to surrounding lipid membranes. Key words: membrane, protein, transmembrane domain, hydrophobic mismatch, protein sorting, models of the plasma membrane
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Effects of phosphorylation on 3D conformation of proteins
Tomčalová, Brenda ; Novotný, Marian (advisor) ; Vymětal, Jiří (referee)
Phosphorylation is one of the most ubiquitous posttranslational modification types. Understanding of itsfunction and regulation has significant impact on diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. This thesis presents and summarizes the results of several publications that analyze phosphorylation on large datasets using bioinformatics tools. In this thesis the general principles how the phosphorylation influences physico-chemical properties of proteins are described. In the first and the second chapter the evolution principles, function and regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases are provided. In the third chapter thesis concentrates on the distributions of phosphorylated sites among organisms (plants and animals). In the last chapter current knowledge of orthosteric and allosteric effects of phosphorylation as well as its effects on 2D and 3D structure of phosphorylated proteins is summarized.
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VR Interactive Application
Novotný, Miroslav ; Tóth, Michal (referee) ; Milet, Tomáš (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to learn about virtual reality and the aspects of the development for this platform. The next goal is to find well suited development environment for the application and test the capabilities and limits of them both. The thesis will be completed by designing, implementing and then testing the aplication using knowledge learnt.
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Analýza délky brzdné dráhy a středního zpomalení traktoru Zetor Forterra s přívěsem BSS10 v závislosti na zatížení přívěsu
Novotný, Michal
The thesis deals with the analysis and comparison of the braking distance and the braking deceleration of the tractor Zetor Forterra 12441 and the towed trailer BSS 10 in relation to its load. For a complex analysis, the measurement of air pressure in front of and behind the load air pressure regulator of the trailer was performed during the brake tests as well. The work also includes a description of the current vehicle braking systems, methods of performing brake testing and legislative requirements on brake testing. There is also the methodology of comparative tests themselves and their specifications described in the thesis. The values achieved by the measurement are confronted both with the legislative regulations valid until the end of 2015 and the regulation newly valid from 1st January 2016. The analysis of the measured values shows that the braking distance of the set is lengthening with increasing the weight of the trailer load.
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