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Syntax in methods for information retrieval
Straková, Jana
Title: Information Retrieval Using Syntax Information Author: Bc. Jana Kravalová Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Pecina, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: pecina@ufal.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: In the last years, application of language modeling in infor- mation retrieval has been studied quite extensively. Although language models of any type can be used with this approach, only traditional n-gram models based on surface word order have been employed and described in published experiments (often only unigram language models). The goal of this thesis is to design, implement, and evaluate (on Czech data) a method which would extend a language model with syntactic information, automatically obtained from documents and queries. We attempt to incorporate syntactic information into language models and experimentally compare this approach with uni- gram and bigram model based on surface word order. We also empirically compare methods for smoothing, stemming and lemmatization, effectiveness of using stopwords and pseudo relevance feedback. We perform a detailed ana- lysis of these retrieval methods and describe their performance in detail. Keywords: information retrieval, language modelling, depenency syntax, smo- othing
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Mathematics Problem Solving of Gifted Students
Straková, Jana
The thesis focuses on the ways of thinking and acting of students from the Czech and the Slovak Republic, while solving application problems. On the one hand the thesis offers the identification and categorisation of solving strategies of mathematical problems by gifted students. On the other hand, there is an attempt for the insight into students' thinking processes by means of an in-depth analysis of their written work. I focus on the utilisation of students' mathematical knowledge when solving real-life problems, on the extent to which they apply automatic mathematical methods, on students' reactions to mistakes and unsuccessful solving strategies, their grasping of tasks and their discourse. The data is collected by means of students' written solutions to two mathematical problems, a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with teachers and observations of their lessons. The data has been analysed through grounded theory and the results are compared with particular results of international comparative researches (PISA and TIMSS). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Comparison of students assessment in citizenship education classes at traditional and Montessori basic schools
Čecháková, Lenka ; Simonová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with a school assessment. It is divided into two parts, the theoretical and the practical one. In the theoretical part, first of all, the Montessori pedagogy and its principles like a freedom of children, beforehand prepaired surroundings or principals of the age heterogeneity are clarified. Further on the didactical material, used in those types of schools, is discussed. The last part of this chapter deals with the position of teachers and adults at school. Next there is a chapter about the assessment. It circumscribes the definition, functions and types of the assessment used in schools. Last, but not least, the forms of the assessment, which means classification by marking or a word evaluation. The second part is the practical one. It is aimed at finding the difference between the way of assessment in two types of primary schools, which means the Montessori primary school and an ordinary primary school and also at finding out, which types of assessment, concerned by the theoretical part, are used the most during lessons. For the research the method of observation and in-depth conversations with the teachers, at whose lessons the sitting in on a classes took place, were used. The outcome of this work was that both types of primary schools use different types of...
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Eye-tracking features in syntactic parsing
Agrawal, Abhishek ; Rosa, Rudolf (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
In this thesis, we explore the potential benefits of leveraging eye-tracking information for dependency parsing on the English part of the Dundee corpus. To achieve this, we cast dependency parsing as a sequence labelling task and then augment the neural model for sequence labelling with eye-tracking features. We also augment a graph-based parser with eye-tracking features and parse the Dundee Corpus to corroborate our findings from the sequence labelling parser. We then experiment with a variety of parser setups ranging from parsing with all features to a delexicalized parser. Our experiments show that for a parser with all features, although the improvements are positive for the LAS score they are not significant whereas our delexicalized parser significantly outperforms the baseline we established. We also analyze the contribution of various eye-tracking features towards the different parser setups and find that eye-tracking features contain information which is complementary in nature, thus implying that augmenting the parser with various gaze features grouped together provides better performance than any individual gaze feature. 1
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Selection of pupils into classes and schools applying the pedagogy of Maria Montessori
Holečková, Nikola ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Simonová, Jaroslava (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the pupil selection to Marie Montessori pedagogical classes and schools. The aim of the thesis was to find out how the individual schools choose pupils in Marie Montessori classes and schools. Furthermore, it was examined what reasons parents have to choose this pedagogy for their child and what conditions parents and pupils have to fulfill for admission to this education. Last but not least, I analyzed how the admission procedure is taking place. The basic research design was a multi-case study. I chose four primary schools with this pedagogy in the big city as well as in smaller towns. I divided the research into two parts. In the first part I conducted semi-structured interviews with employees of selected schools and with parents of children from Montessori classes. In the second part I observed the first class admission interviews. I have found out that each school has defined pupil selection requirements and that these requirements vary considerably between schools. Parents opt for the Montessori School because of its individual approach to individuals. Teachers believe that it is appropriate that parents apply the same educational methods at home and that they would like to apply this as an admission criterion. The whole admission interviews were the same as in...
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Education of primary school teachers at the faculties of education in the Czech Republic
Vokšická, Barbora ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
The quality of education of teachers has recently started to be in the focus of educational theory, research and of education policy in all developed countries, including the Czech Republic. We face problems such as unqualified teachers, the lack of interest of young people in teaching, the departure of teachers from schools, the quality of education of teacher, with regard to the needs of modern society and the labor market. Furthermore, the lack of a standard for the teaching profession together with the high autonomy of universities leads to a situation in which individual faculties of primary education design education programs completely independently and we have little information, If they are equipping graduates with comparable knowledge and skills, building similar attitudes and establishing teacher education of similar priority. The theoretical part is devoted to the development of teacher education of primary schools in the Czech Republic after 1989, the legislative and conceptual anchoring of university teacher training. In the practical part, the thesis attempts to answer the question of how different is the preparation of primary school teachers at various faculties of education in the Czech Republic. The case studies were carried out at two departments of primary education in order to...
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The effects of the early home reading socialization on children's academic achievement
Gorčíková, Magdaléna ; Kandert, Josef (advisor) ; Katrnák, Tomáš (referee) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
The subject of the dissertation thesis is research of the early reading literacy at first stage of the primary school. We examine how is reading literacy influenced by the family socio-cultural backgrounds (education, two different forms of cultural capital). First, we outline the current knowledge in the field of language and cognitive development of children in the context of family background and the concept of cultural capital in the form of home literacy environment. Second, we present the findings of a 6-year longitudinal study with 439 children and their parents from Prague and Central Bohemian region. We investigate (a) an existing difference in pre-literacy among primary schoolers based on the socio-cultural climate of the family and (b) this level of pre-literacy at the beginning of school in the (transition to multi-year grammar schools from the sixth grade. Children enter school with different levels of pre-literacy, but the lead of those who show a higher level of initial literacy will not be lost even after two years of schooling (we reject the Matthew effect hypothesis). The differences can be explained based on education and the effect of cultural advantage. The level of reading pre-literacy at the beginning of the first stage affects the school results at the end of the first...
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Transition from pre-primary to primary education of children with low attendance in kindergarten
Picková, Helena ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Tomková, Anna (referee) ; Majerčíková, Jana (referee)
The dissertation focuses on the parental attitudes about education of their children during transition from pre-primary to primary education. The study focused on families without identified socio-economic disadvantage whose children were not enrolled in kindergarten. The research design was a longitudinal multiple case study of seven families located in the Liberec region. Data was gathered at multiple points during the children's transition from the kindergarten to primary school. The study focused on the reasons that led parents gave for deciding that their children would either participate in non-regular pre-primary education within nursery schools or not attend the pre-primary classes at all. The study inquired about: parents' general attitudes about pre-primary education; their views on the right educational path for their children; and their self-reported approach to their children's overall development. The study also examined the parents' feelings about the introduction of an obligatory pre-school year and their process of making the enrollment decisions. The results showed that although these families did have some common characteristics, the reasons given for opting not let their children attend preschool, were diverse. Mothers of these children were passionate about doing what's best...
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Attitudes to Society and School of Students in Secondary Vocational Schools
Bederka, Tomáš ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the issue of civic attitudes adopted by students of vocational schools. The author presents an overview of previous Czech research which shows that students of vocational schools are placed at the bottom of international surveys inquiring civic and political knowledge. Moreover, the results reveal that the students of vocational schools express their support for democracy as a way of government the least. The goal of the thesis is to describe civic and political opinions of concrete students and show who influences them and how. It is designed as a multiple case study. Six students of vocational schools from Prague, a smaller town and a village in Central Bohemian Region were chosen to participate in the study. The core of the work is the description of the individual cases in a detailed context including their family, community, school and friends. The findings indicate that the studied students are usually not interested in politics. Their political beliefs are heavily formed by their family and peers. School as an institution does not have any influence, not even through civic education which is compulsory during the first years of high school education. It is most of all caused by fewer opportunities for an open discussion about basic topics in classes. Media have only...
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Bilingual classes on primary level from the perspective of educational equity. Case studies.
Smith Slámová, Radka ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořák, Dominik (referee)
The diploma thesis compares learning conditions in bilingual and regular classrooms in two primary schools from the perspective of educational equity. The first chapter summarizes available information on bilingual classes in the Czech public school system (their prevalence, licensing conditions, and financing). The second chapter describes tracking in the Czech basic school system and its implications for educational inequity. The final chapter of the theoretical part describes the main school factors influencing student achievement in the Czech Republic and abroad. The empirical part presents case studies of two public schools that run a CLIL class. The schools differ in terms of the administrator of the bilingual class, target language, location, and financing of the class. The research compares regular and CLIL classes at each school with regards to admission procedures, pupil characteristics, learning conditions, teacher expectations, teaching methods, and other aspects influencing student achievement. The results reveal that bilingual and regular classes at both schools differ most in terms of socioeconomic compositition and student achievement, giving the pupils of bilingual classes an unfair advantage. However, the classes also differ in other aspects, of which the significance to parents...
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