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Spanish adverbs in -mente and their Czech equivalents
Hašková, Alena ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this paper is to introduce Spanish adverbs in -mente and different ways of its translation to Czech. These adverbs are very productive in Spanish. The theoretical part of my thesis consists of their general description and definition of the basic terms. It also presents a general typology of Spanish adverbs (in confrontation with the typology of Czech adverbs) and analyses the origin, history, and current use of adverbs in -mente. Special attention is paid to the restriction of formation of these adverbs. The practical part contains three studies. The objective of the first analysis, for which the corpus Araneum Hispanicum Maius is used, is to show the productivity of the adverbs analysed and to verify come claims about their attributes. The other two studies focus on the ways in which adverbs denoting colour are translated from Czech to Spanish and then frequent adverbs in -mente from Spanish to Czech. The InterCorp corpus is used for these two studies.
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Selected verbs of perception in Spanish and their Czech counterparts: a semantic and combinatorial analysis
Junková, Anna ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected Spanish verbs of sensory perception and their Czech counterparts. For the purpose of this thesis I have chosen the most commonly used pair of verbs of hearing and seeing. Thus, the work focuses on the verbs escuchar, oír, mirar and ver. The practical part of the work is based on the comparison of the Czech counterparts of the verbs or on the comparison of the occurrence of the particular nouns that are associated with these verbs in the construction: verb of seeing/hearing + definite article + noun. The analyses are based on the hypothesis proceeding from the work of Jorge Fernández Jaén "Verbos de percepción sensorial en español: una clasificación cognitiva". The hypothesis is based on the assumption that the verbs escuchar and mirar evoke intentional action and, conversely, the verbs oír and ver do not express intentional action. I used two language corpora, InterCorp and Araneum Hispanicum Maius, to compare the verbs of hearing and seeing with each other. I chose InterCorp for a simple reason - it is a parallel corpus and therefore it is possible to examine the Czech translations of selected Spanish verbs. The great advantage of the Araneum Hispanicum Maius corpus is the extensive amount of texts that are of a different nature than those contained in the...
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Cognitive Approaches to Verbal Humour with Reference to Spanish
Pazlarová, Magdaléna ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
(in English) This master's thesis's objective is to analyze a few selected examples of Spanish verbal humor and apply two theories explaining their humorous effect during their analysis. The used theories are two. The first is Attardo's theory about humorous metaphors, and the second is Coulson's theory about frame-shifting. Both are explained in detail in the first part of the paper, including other aspects connected to them. The second part of the paper consists of the aforementioned examples of Spanish verbal humor. These authentic examples are analyzed using the theories mentioned previously in the paper, and their humorous mechanism is explained using these methods.
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Interjections in Czech and Spanish with regard to Catalan Language
Žežulková, Jana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the interjections in Spanish and Czech with regard to Catalan. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical one is focused on the definition of interjections form the grammatical point of view; moreover, it describes the distinction between proper and improper interjections. Subsequently, it goes through the role of interjections in the field of pragmatics, especially in terms of interpretation of the utterance and expression of its modal meanings. According to the predominant function, they are classified into mainly three categories - expressive, apellative and phatic. The practical part is focused on analysing some of the most important Spanish proper interjections: eh, ah, oh, ay, bah, uy, ja, zas, pum, hum and uf and their Catalan equivalent eh, ah, oh, ai, bah, ui, ha ha, zas (or xac), pum, hum and uf. The analysis is based on the linguistic corpus InterCorp. The most important part of the practical part are Spanish interjections and their Czech equivalents, while the Catalan ones are considered complementary. Key words: interjections - Spanish - Czech - Catalan - modality - pragmatics - linguistic corpus
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The words from non-European languages in Spanish
Zemanová, Alena ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The present work is dedicated to the words from non-European languages in Spanish. In concrete terms were object of my study loanwords from these languages: Hebrew, Arabic and Indian languages, which arejwere present in the territory of the Central and South America. Indian languages, they gaye most loanwords are Nahuatl, Quechua, Guaraní, Mapuche, Maya, Caribe, which are object of more detailed study.
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Language of internet
Šumpelová, Alexandra ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The objective of this thesis was to investigate some typical features of language used in electronic communication, especially in short message service SMS and trace up some differences and resemblances between the norm of language and language of SMS. This thesis has two main parts - theoretical and analytical. The focus of the study is the practical part, which works primarily with linguistic redundancy and looking for strategies and methods for its removal. This redundancy is evident in all language levels, and only the removal of this redundancy can achieve the maximum economy of language. Emphasis is placed primarily on analysis of actual language SMS messages in terms of phonological, morphological and syntactic. In the theoretical part, we focused on brief sociolinguistic characteristics of the information society and the net generation. Furthermore, we have tried to characterize and isolate different types slang and argot in Czech and Spanish terminology, and the subsequent inclusion of the language style of information technologies and also in terms of functionality. In summary, the present paper offers a general overview of the study of Spanish used in electronic communication. On the one hand we study what elements is using Spanish for being more economics in the written form; on the other hand...
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Reflexive constructions in Spanish. Their function and use
Lindušková, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
Presented thesis deals with reflexive constructions as can be seen ain its title. Starting from explaining the principle of reflexivity, the thesis describes sentences and enunciations which are constructed with the morpheme se. The reflexive constructions which are one of the most important points are devided into three main groups according to the Prague Syntactic School. It is always analysed if there is any real reflexive contain in every type of construction. Ethic dative is another important point of this work. It is devided into two types because in some cases it forces the expressivity of the sentence as a complex and in another cases it affects rather the concrete verbal expression. Examples of use were clasified into different thematic sections. There were defined some possible rules in the use of pronominal form of mentioned verbs. As this thesis should primarilly consider how the use of the pronoun se changes different structures, the sections which were mentioned yet are naturally composed regarding this point. The theme of ethic dative belongs here to the group of cases which are not so significantly affected by the application of the reflexive morpheme. Verbs ‚ir'/‚irse', ‚marchar'/‚marcharse', ‚salir'/‚salirse', ‚morir'/‚morirse', ‚venir',/‚venirse', are also included in this group. The...
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Characteristic of Spanish used in sport journalism
Sasková, Zuzana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
In my diploma thesis, I tried to familiarise readers with the characteristics of Spanish used by journalists in Spain across all means of mass communication (newspapers, radio, television and Internet). First, I focused on explaining the publicist style and stated in which means of mass communication sports journalism can be found. Furthermore, I described its linguistic characteristics in particular mass media. Then I dealt with sports slang and classified its grammar characteristics, dividing it into a morphological and syntactic part. I also described phonetic pronunciation, which listeners encounter in sports commentaries. In the morphological part, I familiarised readers with the way of forming new words in Spanish through a compositional or derivational process. I also listed the most common prefixes and suffixes that contribute to the formation of new words in Spanish sports journalism. In the syntactic part, I focused in more detail on peculiarities regarding noun gender, the usage of sports journalism elementary words by Spanish journalists and on unusual language means, which make sports texts and commentaries diverse. I provided a few examples of typical clichés that can be found in the language area, as well examples of attempts on their updating. Subsequently, I dealt with the Spanish sports...
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Elektronové vlastnosti sloučenin RPd5Al2
Zubáč, Jan ; Javorský, Pavel (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
We have studied magnetic properties of the intermetallic NdPd5Al2 com- pound by means of specific heat and magnetization measurements and neutron scattering. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group with lattice parameters a =4.147 ˚A and c =14.865 ˚A, orders antiferromagnet- ically below TN =1.3 K and presents large magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to the crystal-field effects. The obtained magnetic phase diagram is charac- terized by two distinct magnetically ordered phases similarly to structurally re- lated tetragonal RTX5 and R2TX8 compounds. The zero-field antiferromagnetic phase is characterized by the propagation vector k = (1 2 00) and antiferromag- netic coupling of Nd moments along the teragonal c-axis with the amplitude of magnetic moments of 2.22 µB/Nd as was revealed by neutron diffraction. The transition from the paramagnetic to magnetically ordered in zero field is the first-order phase transition. The CF excitations in NdPd5Al2 were detected by means of INS at 3.0 meV, 7.4 meV, 8.6 meV and 17.1 meV. We further compare our findings about CF in NdPd5Al2 obtained from INS, susceptibility analysis and first-principles calculations and confront them with the experimental mag- netization and magnetic specific heat data. Our results will be also discussed with respect to related...
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The Spanish Insults
Hroudová, Šárka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
"The Spanish Insults" The objective of the present paper was to explore, as the title indicates, the rich variety of the Spanish insults. We centered mainly on the comparison of the Spanish insults to the Czech insults and observed the diferences and specific characteristics of Spanish insults. We began the first part with the definition of formal and informal language and its sociolects, because we believe that it helps to understand the properties of the insults, since they have many common characteristics with the sociolects. Afterwards, we tried to describe the historical and cultural backgrounds, because due to different evolutions in each country, the habits to use insults and curses are different, especially concerning the curses, which are still very common in Spain. In Czech Republic the curses fell into oblivion during the last century, while the people were becoming more atheistic. The role of taboo is also very important, because in each society, taboo is what's influencing the usage and the importance of every insult. Neverthless, the insults don't serve only for attacking somebody or to show disappointment, but they also have other functions, such as identifying with the members of the group or to address someone in a friendly way. In the practical part, we first described the...
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