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Genetic and morphological diversity of Central European populations of the genus Acanthocyclops
Slouková, Jana ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Přikryl, Ivo (referee)
Abstract This study aims to compare morphological and genetic diversity of Central European populations of Acanthocyclops vernalis-robustus species group. To asssess a genetic differentiation on a species level, 12S rRNA gene was used because of suitable evolution rate. Additional analysis of otherwise widely used CO I gene was not successful as the PCR amplification of this gene was successful only for some A .trajani populations, and it failed for the others. Genetic analysis of 12S rRNA validated the recent morphological redescription and establishment of three separate species: A. vernalis (Fischer, 1853) A. trajani and A. einslei (Mirabdullayev and Defaye, 2002; 2004). In general on 12S rRNA, the intraspecific variation was negligible in comparison to interspecific one. All of four analyzed populations of A. einslei shared one haplotype, as well as 12 from 14 populations of A. trajani did. The highest intra-specific variability was recorded in 5 populations of A. vernalis (0.5 - 5.6 %). Morphological determination and morphometrics of all analyzed individuals has been performed without using so called micro-characters, on which the description of A. einslei and A. trajani (Mirabdullayev & Defaye 2002, 2004) mainly relies on. From my morphometric analyses, the shape and armature of distal endopodal...
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Cross-taxon congruence in species diversity in non-forest habitats
Hřebíková, Veronika ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Černý, Martin (referee)
Estimating of the overall species diversity at any place on Earth is very difficult. Generally, we use only several surrogate taxa for predicting of species diversity of other groups. Typically, these surrogates are represented by well observable and conspicuous organisms (e.g. plants, butterflies, large beetles, birds). The first part of my theses presents the basic insight in the species concepts used in biodiversity conservation - umbrella, indicator, flagship, and surrogate species. The second part focuses on the use of these concepts in practice. I discuss the conclusion of studies that focus on evaluation of species concepts in biodiversity conservation, with a special regard on non-forest habitats. In the last chapter, I deal with the impact of management practices in non-forest habitats on different taxa of organisms. KEYWORDS: biodiversity, keystone species, umbrella species, flagship species, surrogate species, non-forest biotops, management
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Status of the flatworm Crenobia alpina in the food network of a spring
Reslová, Marie ; Simon, Ondřej (advisor) ; Černý, Martin (referee)
This work focuses on food preferences of freshwater triclad Crenobia alpina and its position in spring food web. It explores the ability of C. alpina to capture living prey, considers ability of C. alpina and to survive feeding on several types of food. Furthermore it gives view on its occurence and ecological preferences in context of other spring species. One chapter is concerned with taxonomy, anatomy and ecology of Tricladida and C. alpina itself. Short term food-preference experiments show the ability of C. alpina to capture living Lumriculidae and larvae of Ephemeroptera. We don't confirm feeding of C. alpina on living Gammarus, although their occurence in our springs and ecological preferences are similar. C. alpina feeds significantly more on damaged prey without substantial afinity to any species. A year-long experiment on C. alpina in lab conditions finds that this flatworm is able to survive and even breed with nothing but filtred water. This fact connected with the observation of huge densities of flatworms in spring source, opens up a question whether C. alpina can be considered a real predator. Key words: Crenobia alpina, triclad flatworms, food preferences, spring
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Brancelj, Anton (referee) ; Wyngaard, Grace (referee)
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Changes of documentary films distribution at local cinemas in digital age
Černý, Martin ; Czesany Dvořáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Bauer, Šimon (referee)
(in English): This thesis deals, in frame of new film history, with the changes in Czech film distribution system connected to cinema digitalisation in the Czech Republic. Generally, the paper focuses on the influence the technological changes have on film distribution and its development in the Czech Republic. Considering the recent emergence of new genres and types of films, the work examines, on the example of documentaries, what effect these changes have on the variety of the Czech digital cinemas programme offer. The case study contained in the thesis explores a process of creating film programme in cinemas of average size Czech cities which do not have to compete with multiplexes. Selected programmers of these cinemas were interviewed in semi-structured interviews in terms of qualitative research, with the aim to determine the decisive factors influencing programming of documentary films in these cinemas. As seen from this thesis, the range of films in the distribution circuit has extended in two ways after the emergence of digitalisation and this development considerably affected the work of cinema programmers. Namely the wider availability of commercially successful films, generating great numbers in box office became a competition for the alternative films (documentaries included). Unlike...
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Spatial orientation in Odonata
Hupková, Lenka ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Sacherová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of this review is to evaluate and sum up an existing knowledge about spatial orientation of dragonflies, particularly at small and medium spatial scales. I deal mostly with orientation by horizontally polarized light, which belongs among the most explored field of orientation of Odonata; beside that I explore an orientation of dragonflies during the habitat selection and within their home ranges / territories. Regarding the latter, I pay an attention namely to the function of spatial landmarks, which has not been yet fully explored and offers a lot of opportunities for further research (like many other orientation topics of Odonata). I also briefly discuss an orientation of dragonflies during migrations. Besides the visual orientation I mention the orientation by olfactory sense, tough Odonata was concerned anosmic for a long time. Key words: spatial orientation, visual orientation, dragonflies, Odonata, landmarks
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