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Abolition of the World. Philosophical Exercise with the Example of George Orwell: 1984. Confrontation with Arendt, Foucault and Derrida
Sugaya, Yu ; Klass, Tobias Nikolaus (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee)
In this thesis I make a triple comparison of George Orwell's novel 1984: triple i. e. mainly with three philosophical works: Vita activa. oder Vom tätigen Leben. (The Human Condition) of Hannah Arendt, Surveiller et punir. Naissance de la prison. (Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison) of Michel Foucault und De la grammatologie (Of Grammatology) of Jacques Derrida. In what a set-up the power realizes itself, will be analyzed. Key words: English literature, Power, Discipline, Control, Bio-politics
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Bodys and Spaces in Marc Richir
Fazakas, István ; Umbelino, Luis (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee)
In this study we aim to analyze the problem of corporeality and spatiality in the works of Marc Richir. Our starting point will be the idea of an architectonical reversal of perception and imagination as it characterizes the phenomenology nova methodo of M. Richir. To highlight the importance of this reversal for thinking corporeality and space, we expose first the traditional approach to the question made by Husserl - which has also significantly influenced the conception of M. Richir. Once the main themes are clearly exposed, we can continue with dealing with some key concepts of Richir's new phenomenological proposals, that are essential to think body and space. It is from the difference between imagination and phantasy - which is fundamental in Richir's phenomenology - that we pose the question of corporeality and especially that of Phantasileib. Our aim is to show, following M. Richir - who himself finds inspiration in Husserl -, that the Phantasieleib is the phenomenological Leib itself, immersing itself in the virtual landscape of the phenomenological apeiron, where the movement of schematism takes place. Keywords: phenomenology, body, phantasy, imagination, space, schematism
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Fichte's Transcendental Approximation to Being 1801-02
Ip, Long Nin Leonard ; Schnell, Alexander (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
of thesis titled: Fichte's Transcendental Approach to Being 1801-02 submitted by Leonard Ip for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophie in the programme Erasmus Mundus Master EuroPhilosophie, July 2021 This paper attempts to reconstruct the development of the problem of being within the framework of Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre after 1800 in its initial approach. Textually, it deals mainly with the Darstellung der Wissenschaftslehre from 1801/02. This text is considered the main document with which Fichte's so-called "late philosophy" begins after the first "Jena" period of his philosophising. The main result of the reconstruction presented is the demonstration of a "positive" concept of being, which goes beyond the concept of being explicitly determined as "negative" in Fichte's Jena Wissenschaftslehre and is defined in the Darstellung as "absolute being". In order to show that the positive concept of being is both demanded and legitimised on the basis of the Wissenschaftslehre as transcendental idealism, the reconstruction of this concept is carried out through an analysis of the first part of the Darstellung, i.e. the theory of absolute knowledge. The three chapters of this thesis carry out this analysis in three steps: in the first chapter, the systematic demand for absolute being is...
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Phenomenology of touch. Ethical Readings of Discontinuous Paradigms
Molina García, Erika Natalia ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Römer, Inga (referee) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee)
Phenomenology of touch. Ethical readings on discontinuous paradigms. Touch is not only the sense that allows us to appreciate shapes and textures. It is also the sense that allows us to feel the tenderness of a caress or the violence of a punch. It allows us to feel temperature and pain, balance and the position of our body, feelings of itching and tickling, vibrations and sexual arousal. In recent years, research on touch has blossomed in the most diverse fields, and these works are unanimous in saying that touch is a crucial factor in our lives and on our health: interhuman cooperations, pain endurance, empathy, compassion and care are all touch depending activities. Starting from a scenarisation of Western philosophy in terms of opposition between continuism and discontinuism, we reinterpret the phenomenological method, by a radicalization of the meaning of its tool (epoche), to put it at service of the analysis of touch phenomena. In this context, our work is presented in a double duality: On the one hand, it unfolds around two main thematic axes, discontinuity (self- thematization) and touch (thematization). On the other hand, it takes the shape of two distinct textual bodies, a purely philosophical one and a philo-performatic one, which intersect and thus aim to perform in the writing of the...
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Phenomenon, meaning and substrate - for a phenomenological metaphysics
Michel, Beat ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee) ; Salanskis, Jean-Michel (referee) ; Jean, Gregori Jean (referee)
Phenomenon, sense and substrate - the case for a phenomenological metaphysics What is the substrate of consciousness, or what is it that "makes consciousness"? Asking this question amounts to not being satisfied with an answer that may seem self-evident: this substrate is the brain. In fact, situating the substrate of consciousness in the objective body, as part of the world - whether in the context of phenomenology, philosophy of mind or naturalism - leads to a circular ontology: consciousness in the body, the body in the world, the world thought, perceived, conceived, constituted by consciousness. However, even if all circularity is not necessarily problematic, we seek to show that this circularity of a general ontology is indeed fatal. So we take another path, from the subjective body to a substrate that is not located in the world. This substrate is constructed as an abstract notion, by operating two consecutive merges of existing concepts. First we bring together in a single concept, that of abstract substrate, the Aristotelian hylemorphism, on the one hand, and the idea of supervenience, from the philosophy of the mind, on the other hand, by establishing that the two are, in a way, coextensive. We then appeal to the notion of absolute Life, introduced by Michel Henry in the last period of his work,...
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Phenomenon, meaning and substrate - for a phenomenological metaphysics
Michel, Beat ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee) ; Salanskis, Jean-Michel (referee) ; Jean, Gregori Jean (referee)
Phenomenon, sense and substrate - the case for a phenomenological metaphysics What is the substrate of consciousness, or what is it that "makes consciousness"? Asking this question amounts to not being satisfied with an answer that may seem self-evident: this substrate is the brain. In fact, situating the substrate of consciousness in the objective body, as part of the world - whether in the context of phenomenology, philosophy of mind or naturalism - leads to a circular ontology: consciousness in the body, the body in the world, the world thought, perceived, conceived, constituted by consciousness. However, even if all circularity is not necessarily problematic, we seek to show that this circularity of a general ontology is indeed fatal. So we take another path, from the subjective body to a substrate that is not located in the world. This substrate is constructed as an abstract notion, by operating two consecutive merges of existing concepts. First we bring together in a single concept, that of abstract substrate, the Aristotelian hylemorphism, on the one hand, and the idea of supervenience, from the philosophy of the mind, on the other hand, by establishing that the two are, in a way, coextensive. We then appeal to the notion of absolute Life, introduced by Michel Henry in the last period of his work,...
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The meaning in Merleau-Ponty's work
Chemlal, Neil ; Schnell, Alexander (advisor) ; Flock, Philip (referee)
Key words: thought, experience, perception, expression rationality, language, Merleau-Ponty. Our work has been a study of Merleau-Ponty's thinking based on such questions: Do things make sense beyond their rational justification? Can we otherwise grasp a reality that always escapes us, when rationality is at times simply limited to the sole sphere of intelligibility? What is even this rationality? Doesn't rationality as we imagine it reduce itself to the mere thinking subject? Are there no other forms of rationality outside the criteria of rationality of the thinking subject? Through these questions, we have tried to bring to light what Merleau-Ponty thinking could bring of originality, especially insofar as one way for him to answer them was to consider all meaning in a deeper interiority. This begins with the study of the structures he calls "ante- predictive", which show the extent to which our bodies, in particular, already interpret their environment before we are aware of it. There would already be, at this level, a rational, systematic form, which would be there before any thematization by thought. Consequently, if there is already meaning before consciousness, how can we reconcile the fact that it is not accessible by our methods of reflection and our demand to think it? Moreover, given that...
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Epoché and Alterity - On certain Invariants of the Performance of Epoché and the Path to an Abstaining Stance
Sitsch, Marius Armin ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee)
The present master's thesis investigates the epoché as a performance and experience and its connection with alterity. It aims to provide a description of the epoché in its processual or ex- ecutive dimension and thus to show the experience or the performance of the epoché in its existential depth dimension. This means to shed light onto the existential experience that un- derlies the epoché in order to examine the connection between the theoretical concept and the depth dimension of the experience. In order to accomplish this, the investigation develops its own method based on the eidetic variations of Edmund Husserl and the act of empathy of Edith Stein, which consists of the processual "passing through" six examples of the epoché. The ex- amples are: the epoché in ancient skepticism, the practice of Samatha and Vipassanā and the experience of awakening (bodhi) in Buddhism, the contemplation (Nachdenklichkeit) by Hans Blumenberg, the epoché of Edmund Husserl, the epoché of Natalie Depraz, Pierre Vermersch and Franciso Varela and the epoché of Hans Rainer Sepp. After going through these variants, preliminary invariants and thus a preliminary description of the performance of the epoché can be obtained. This reveals a close connection between the epoché and alterity. The investigation ends with a...
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The Appearing and the Existence. Conditions and Modalities of the "Unveiling" in Sartre's works (1943-1948)
Pepe, Michele ; Schnell, Alexander (advisor) ; Kuster, Friedericke (referee)
This thesis attempts to bring to light the acts and structures of consciousness which make the dévoilement (unveiling) - or the constitution dévoilante (unveiling constitution) - of transcendence, as it is described by Sartre in his texts from the 1940s, possible. I have progressively analysed the unveiling role of the negation and the notion of possible and thus arrived to the thesis that Sartre's position implies a modification of Husserl's theory of constitution based of the notion of existence, which has to be understood as an ecstatic way of being of the pour-soi and as a lived relation to transcendence. Key words: unveiling, unveiling constitution, negation, possible, existence, pour-soi, transcendence.
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On the Concept of Hyle in Husserl's Time Theory : First Step into the Phenomenology of Hyle
Joung, Seongkyeong ; Schnell, Alexander (advisor) ; Flock, Philip (referee)
- Master Thesis 2019 On the Concept of Hyle in Husserl's Time Theory : First Step into the Phenomenology of Hyle Seongkyeong Joung This paper examines the status and the role of the concept of Hyle in Husserl's time theory as long as its problematic is subsumed within the problematic of the transcendental constitution. We will show how the problems in the early time lectures (1904/5) are partially solved with the discovery of the dimension of passive intentionality in the Bernauer manuscripts (1917/18) and the lectures on passive synthesis (1920-26) and thereby how Hyle's problematic broaden, that in the C-manuscripts (1929-1934) this problem is eventually subsumed into the problematic of the functioning ego, and that nevertheless Hyle itself remains as a non-reducing component which makes possible phenomenological questions about alterity. Keywords: Hyle, Alterity, Original Stream, Original Hyle, Self-awareness, Time Consciousness, Transcendental Constitution, Passive Intentionality, Genetic Phenomenology, Edmund Husserl
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