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Enverism - Belief in one God, the religious Situation in Socialist Albania
Vinš, Přemysl ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Chrobák, Tomáš (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the religion situation in Albania between 1946 and 1990. It is a period, in which the communist party - lead by Enver Hoxha till 1985, had rule over the country. This work deals in detail with the legal development of religion in Albania after the Second World War and after 1967, when all the religious institutions were outlawed and free religious belief was proscribed. However, this thesis focuses mainly on the analysis of Albanian written sources (press and literature) and it presents the antireligious arguments of the Albanian communist state and the role which the religious issues played in the propaganda of the Albanian state against the inner and outer enemies, in the legitimisation of politics of high Albanian political representatives and in the construction of the historic tale of the Albanian state and nation. We applied the theory of political religion (Voegelin, Aron, Maier) on the Albanian case.
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Jonáš club as an intelectually cultural platform in the times of (the lack of)freedom
Praibišová, Eva ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis deals with history, evolution and the activity of the cultural club of kindred spirits: Jonas club. Deeper attention is laid upon the question of mechanisms by which the so-called islands of freedom were constituted in the 1970s and 1980s. As it seems, Jonas club worked as this kind of free platform, therefore the aim of this thesis is to trace the phenomena which lead to the formation of these islands of freedom. From the methodological perspective the thesis is a qualitative work, which collects the data using the method of oral history. The work is time-framed by the years 1967-1989, therefore from the era of the establishment of the club until the Velvet revolution. The chosen witnesses usually remember most of the so-called normalization period. And the apriori given topics are followed with the aim to comprehend their subjective emic perspective. When it comes to the sources, the work draws upon the magazines which the club publishes from the very beginning of its existence until nowadays. As for the structure of the work, the text is divided into three larger sections, outside of the introduction and conclusion. The first theoretical section presents to the reader the theoretical-historical context. It is followed by the methodological section which not only provides methodology,...
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Unusual Spiritual Experiences in the context of Occulture
Horská, Kateřina ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pokorný, Vít (referee) ; Václavík, David (referee)
This work studies the environment of contemporary alternative spirituality in the Czech Republic, specifically unusual spiritual experiences and techniques for inducing them. It is based on long-term field research utilizing the method of participant observation carried out primarily in the environment of neo-shamanism, but also the use of psychedelics, dark therapy, and other movements and practices. I perceive and analyze these practices both as psychotechnologies - i.e. techniques through which their users strive to alter their thinking - as well as spiritual techniques aimed at establishing and cultivating a relationship with the spiritual world. The focus of this study is a comparison of neo-shamanism and other practices in three main aspects: the induction of experiences, the connection between spiritual experiences and the actor's life as a whole, and the changes in the perception of reality brought about by long- term practicing. I point out that in all these areas, techniques traditionally thought of as closely related exhibit fundamental differences. A non-negligible part of this study consists of methodological and theoretical considerations. I show that the field of alternative spirituality has many specifics compared to other religious environments, and that mainstream methodological...
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Religious Identity of Afghani youth in Czechia in a historical perspective
Rahimi, Fatema ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The thesis will examine the role of religion among young Afghans in the Czech Republic. The Afghan "exodus" began with the overthrow of Zahir Shah in 1973 and was followed by massive waves of emigration during the 1980s and 1990s. Even in the last decade, Afghans remained one of the largest groups of refugees in Europe. The destination for most Afghans in Europe is the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands or Scandinavia. However, a significant number of Afghan refugees also live in the Czech Republic. The thesis first maps the history of migration from Afghanistan to Europe in general and to the Czech Republic in particular. Given that Afghans are often understood as Muslims, the work will also analyze the history of Muslims in the Czech Republic. Then the work will focus on the role of religion in shaping the identity of young Afghans in the Czech Republic. The analysis of secondary sources will be complemented by my own qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews with young Afghans. Keywords: identity, religion, ethnicity, migration, Afghans, Muslims
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Women's Agency in the Czech Political Catholicism (1896-1939)
Havelka, Jiří ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Knotková - Čapková, Blanka (referee) ; Lenderová, Milena (referee)
This dissertation is based on a socio-cultural and social-anthropological approach to religion which (among other things) says that religion is dependent on the society in which it occurs. The ambition of the dissertation is not to capture "official positions" of the Catholic Church about the role of women in modern society. The dissertation is focusing on the perspective of Catholic women themselves. My main aim is to observe the opinion Catholic women have about themselves, and whether they reflect social or modernization changes. I will also observe, how they negotiated their role within the Czech political Catholicism. Time specification includes the end of the nineteenth century when women got more opportunities in the public sphere. As well as the period of independent Czechoslovakia and its constitution which declared the equal status of men and women.
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The Influence of On-line Identity from the World of Damokles on Everydayness
Beseda, Jan ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Janeček, Petr (referee) ; Bužeková, Tatiana (referee)
The Influence of On-line Identity from the World of Damokles on Everydayness Abstract The doctoral thesis focuses on on-line world Damokles and its users. It investigates how their on-line identity influences their everyday off-line life. It also focuses on the way the social ties and networks are created among its users and how on-line community is constructed. I especially focus on the mutual impact of on-line and off-line activities of Damokles users. I based the research on qualitative methodology, especially engaged observation of members of Damokles community in the on-line realm as well as during their off-line activities; informal, semi-structured dialogues with the members of the community; and analysis and interpretation of texts from the world Damokles and about the world Damokles. I classify my work under the new anthropological sub- discipline, cyberanthropology, which studied humans and changes of human existence in the context of modern computer information and communication technologies (Soukup 2009, 138). I also deal with the specifics of this anthropological sub- discipline and issues connected with research in the on-line realm. Key words: cyberanthropology, on-line worlds, everydayness, on- line community, ethnography, time, identity
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