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Effects of CO2, alcohol, and caffeine on cerebral blood flow and cerebral autoregulation
Bláha, Martin ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Kalvach, Pavel (referee)
1. Alcohol intoxication increases cerebral blood flow from 8 to 24 % 2. Alcohol intoxication does not impair dynamic cerebral autoregulation 3. Caffeine (300 mg per oral) decreases cerebral blood flow by 20 % 4. Without CO2 influence, caffeine (300 mg per oral) decreases cerebral blood flow from 10 to 20 %. 5. Caffeine decreases CBF despite severe peripheral cerebrovascular vasodilatation (during hypercapnia caffeine decreases CBF from 11 to 12 %) 6. There is not a statistically significant reduction of CBF during hypocapnia. 7. Vasomotor reactivity testing - Carbon Dioxide challenge test is not affected by pre-test caffeine intake 9. CO2 is a strong regulator of cerebral blood flow (through the regulation of the tone of cerebral vessels) 10. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity in healthy humans is 86.5 ± 19.1, and CO2 reactivity is 3.0 ± 0.6 %/mmHg 11. Cerebral autoregulation is significantly impaired during hypercapnia (autoregulation index decreases from baseline values of 4 ± 0.8 to 0.9 ± 0.9) 12. Increase of etCO2 by 1mmHg decrease ARI by 8.24 % 13. Traumatic brain injuries cause significant impairment of cerebral autoregulation 14. The cyclic leg cuff autoregulation test appears better suited for clinical use than the hyperemic leg cuff step release method. 15. Cerebral autoregulation may respond with...
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Hemodynamic parameters of the cervical carotid bed of saline in the throes of stenosis of the carotid bulb and the bed capacity of treated recanalization excercise
Gregová, Daniela ; Kalvach, Pavel (advisor) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Bauer, Jiří (referee)
With the increasing number of patients suffering from some metabolic diseases leading to the development of atherosclerosis there is an urgent need for early diagnosis of the scale. If we think about disability sclerotic cerebral arteries, the optimal method of investigation is duplex ultrasonography, which is relatively inexpensive and friendly for the patient. To assess not only the structure and extent of atherosclerotic plaque, but also to assess the extent of any narrowing of the arteries and to evaluate the hemodynamic impact of structural changes present. It is an ideal candidate for screening in primary or secondary prevention of stroke, as well as for regular checks dispensarized patients. Knowledge of normal hemodynamic conditions in the cervical carotid stream is necessary in the assessment of various pathological conditions. This paper seeks to offer the most comprehensive view on the issue of carotid stenoses ultrasonografisty eyes. For practical reasons we focus on localized stenosis in the carotid bulb, the number is high above the stenosis in other locations.
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Intracranial Aneurysms - Treatment Options and Natural Course. Safety and Efficacy of Treatment Strategies for Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms.
Petr, Ondřej ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee)
BACKGROUND: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of aneurysms with poorer neurological outcomes compared to other intracranial aneurysms. At first, as part A, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms. Subsequently, as part B, we performed a multicenter retrospective study to analyze the outcome in a large series of patients treated with contemporary microsurgical and endovascular techniques. METHODS: For the meta-analysis, a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science was done for studies published through November 2015. We included studies that described treatment of PICA-aneurysms with ≥10 patients. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the following outcomes: complete occlusion, technical success, periprocedural morbidity/mortality, stroke rates, aneurysm recurrence/rebleed, CN-palsies rates, and long-term neurological morbidity/mortality. As the second part, aiming to report the current trends and results in treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms, records of 94 patients treated for PICA-aneurysms between 2000 and 2015 at 3 large referral neurovascular centers were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, we...
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Product placement as a marketing tool
Kincl, Albert ; Tahal, Radek (advisor) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe thoroughly the execution of a product placement process in TV broadcasting with focus on the Czech Republic. So as to analyse product placement as a marketing tool and to introduce its possible forms and current trends. Moreover, to explain the development of this marketing communication and last but not least, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this specific form of advertisement. Furthermore, questionnaire analysis is used to research the reception of product placement in TV series, sports broadcasting and other TV shows in the Czech Republic. It investigates the level of awareness and understanding of this phenomenon in the Czech landscape and these findings are main basis for the implications suggested for the improvement of brand or product placement strategies in TV broadcasting.
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