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Cytotoxicity of mycotoxins in vitro methods using CHO-K1 cells
Franzová, Pavla ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor)
The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of three Fusarium mycotoxins: BEA, DON, T-2 toxin, to induce cytotoxicity using the mammalian CHO-K1 cells by the NR assay. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to several concetrations of DON, BEA and T-2 toxin and several incubation times. The extent of cell injury was assessed by NR uptake assay, after an incubation period of 24, 48 and 72h. Moreover, the viability of CHO-K1 cells was measured in the presence of a mixture of two or three of the mycotoxins. Significant differences were observed between the compounds tested. All toxins, DON, BEA and T-2 toxin, tested individually diminish cell viability. Individual mycotoxins reduce viability in increasing order: BEA<DON<T-2 toxin. Our results show that CHO-K1 cells are extremely sensitive to T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin exhibited the most cytotoxic response against the cell line tested. Results obtained indicate that CHO-K1 cell line, exhibited a time and concentration- dependent cytotoxicity. Our results demonstrated that the T-2 toxin was found to be more cytotoxic during the exposure period, which was totally in agreement with the data previously published. The aim of this study was also to evaluate the cytotoxicity of low concentrations of mycotoxin combinations on CHO-K1 cells. We have studied the...
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Effect of some antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density.
Drastíková, Monika ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee) ; Herink, Josef (advisor)
Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease, which leads to decrease in bone density, increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fracture. Pathophysiology of this disease is multifactorial. About 13 - 18 % of women and 4 - 8 % of men 50 and over in the Czech Republic suffer from osteoporosis and the prevalence is still increasing. The diagnosis of osteoporosis should establish the cause of bone density decrease, but it is very often simply reduced to using osteodensitometric examination only. The diagnosis of osteoporosis requires a complex examination including clinical, visual and laboratory part. . A long-time treatment with antiepileptic drugs - inductors of hepatic enzymes (AE- IND) also contributes to osteoporosis progress. 18 men treated with AE-IND for a long time were included in the group investigated. Bone mineral/mass density (BMD) and markers with relation to bone metabolism were examined in these patients. Based on these results it was discovered that these men have lower BMD and therefore a higher risk of osteoporosis development.
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Traumatic brain injury I. - intracranial hypertension.
Machková, Zdeňka ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor)
First and last name: Zdeňka Machková Title: Traumatic brain injury - intracranial hypertension Graduation thesis Charles university in Pratur Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Healthcare bioanalytics The aim: The aim of this graduation theses was the background research of the special literature and information resources, which are consist of intracranial hypertension. In the graduation theses we definied intracranial hypertension and also we noticed the description of the pathophysiological mechanisms generation intracranial hypertension. Main knowledge: Intracranial hypertension is one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms, which in principle influence the prognosis of the patient after the brain injury. On the development of the intracranial hypertension after brain trauma it is most ofen shared intracranial bleeding, cerebral oedema or failure of the cerebrospinal fluid. Adult person in the recumbency has got normal values ICP between 7-15 mmHg. Values ICP which are higher than 20mmHg are generally accepting as pathological. Intracranial hypertension contributes to the reduction cerebral perfusion pressure, which is important for the preservation of the blood running in all brain areas. Reducted cerebral perfusion pressure leads to the ischemia of the brain. The main aim of...
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Histopathological analysis of reproductive organs of male rats after short-term administration of diethyl phtalate.
Žabová, Kristýna ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor)
Bc. Kristýna Žabová Histopathological analysis of rat male reproductive organs after short - term application of diethyl phthalate Diploma work Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Special worker in laboratory methods Background The aim of our experiment was extend, if diethyl phthalate can cause changes in spermatogenesis of rat male reproductive organs after short - term application. Methods The experiment was effected on Wistar rat males, by which was handed up diethyl phthalate by a single application. Rats were separated into two groups after five animals. To first group, group C, was intraperitoneally applied diethyl phthalate Oekanal 10 mg diluted with 1 ml aqua pro injectione and 1 ml 100% ethanol. Group C was handed up 0,4 ml of this mixture. To second group, group D, was handed up diethyl phthalate Pestanal 1g by subcutaneous injection in the amount of 0,2 ml. After 12 days were animals euthanized and their organs were sampled. Their size and weight approached physiological parameters. From the organs were made the histological preparations, which were evaluated by the light microscopy. Results In hepatic parenchyma were found different sizes of Kupfer's cells cores and congested sinusoids. In the preparation of kidneys we observed prominent...
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Donepezil ? biological activity nad evaluation of its efficiency.
Drábková, Markéta ; Pourová, Jana (referee) ; Herink, Josef (advisor)
1 Summary Title: Donepezil - biological activity and evaluation of its efficiency Author: Markéta Drábková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Department: Department of biological and medicinal sciences Cognitive enhancers are drugs which preferentially affect cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system. The cholinergic system in the brain is the most seriously damaged neurotransmitter system in Alzheimer, s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Donepezil is a new cognitive enhancer whose mechanism of action consists of reversible specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Donepezil increases the amount of acetylcholine available for neuron-to-neuron communication, which may relieve some memory impairment and thus prolonging of patients' self-support. Present thesis classifies cognitive enhancers, it especially describes the mechanism of action and effect of donepezil and its therapeutical usage. The principal aim of my work was to assess and evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of donepezil from chosen clinical studies in the years 2003- 2009. The results support the conclusion that donepezil is safe and effective for long-term treatment of patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment and multiple sclerosis. In...
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Eating disorders ? anorexia nervosa.
Čechová, Eva ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor)
Author: Eva Čechová TItle: Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa Thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialization: Pharmacy Background: The main aim of this thesis is to collect the latest available findings from Czech and foreign literature concerning eating disorder - Anorexia Nervosa. Main findings: Anorexia Nervosa is a serious and a life threatening illness. The etiology is multi-factorial including sociocultural influences, family and genetic factors, biological factors, personal features and stress or unfavorable life events. Anorexia Nervosa is about ten to twenty times more common disease in female than in male population and it leads to a multitude of endocrine, metabolic, somatic and psychic disturbances. The prevalence of personality disorders, alcohol or substance abuse, major depression, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders is frequent in about 25-50% of cases. The aim of therapy is mainly the nutritional rehabilitation and to induce normal eating behaviour. In-patient treatment is necessary in case of malnourished persons near death. Family therapy has been found to be effective in adolescents and the cognitive behavior approach is generally recommended. Conclusions: There is accepted so-called "one third rule", which means that one third...
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A comparison of two different routes of administration of L-carninite on antiacetylcholinesterase activity of 7-methoxytacrine.
Novotná, Petra ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee) ; Herink, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work was to test the ability of L-carnitine (KAR) to increase the permeation of indirect parasympatomimetic 7-methoxytacrine (MEOTA) through the blood-brain barrier. The monitoring of acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in the parts of the brain chosen served as index of changes presumed. All experiments were performed in laboratory rats, drugs tested were given systematically. The modificated Ellman's method was used for the determination of the AChE activity. The principle of this method is based on hydrolysis of thiocholin. The prior administration KAR to MEOTA augmented the inhibition of AChE more in the frontal cortex, septum and basal ganglias and less in the hipocampus. Intraperitoneal administration of KAR was somewhat stronger in comparison with peroral one. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis of augmentation of MEOTA AChE activity by means of previous KAR administration.
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The treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Kučerová, Marika ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
Multiple sclerosis treatment Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that affects central nervous system and continuously worsen physical and cognitive abilities of the patients. The causal therapy has not been found yet; the disease could be influenced by immunomodulation, immunosuppression and cytostatic treatment. In the first phase of the disease mainly the inflammatory processes are present. The manifestation of these is the attack of increased neurological deficite. The attack of multiple sclerosis is usually treated by the intravenous infusion of high-dose methylprednisolone. This type of treatment is expensive and unplesant for the patient. That is the reason why the use of oral treatment by high-dose methylprednisolone in the same scheme of application has started in some centres. The aim of this paper is to prove if the effect of oral therapy is the same as of the intravenous one. According to the papers studied the therapy is equally effective as the intravenous one, however more studies are needed to prove the effect reliably.
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Traumatic brain injury II. - Biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis of traumatic brain injury.
Langerová, Zuzana ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Zuzana Langerová Brain Trauma II - Biomarkers in clinical diagnosis of head trauma Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Pharmacy The aim of my work was recherche literature and electronic information resources that focus on brain injuries and their complications, as well as the types and importance of biomarkers in clinical diagnosis of head trauma. Brain injuries can be classified according to various aspects. From the physical point of view is divided into a translational and acceleration injuries. The translational injuries depends on whether there is or isn't direct contact with another body. Acceleration injuries can be divided into linear, in which there is a bruising of surface structures and spin accidents resulting in trauma deep brain structures. In terms of the pathophysiology of brain injury is divided into primary, occurs at the time of injury and secondary occurs with an interval of trauma as a late result of this injury. In terms of clinical severity of craniocerebral injury can be divided into mild, moderate and severe. The final factor is the length of coma after the accident and the consequences. Dividing brain injury is not completely uniform. Among the most serious extracranial complications are disseminated intravascular coagulation, ion...
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Nitric oxide as a pathophysiological factor in some disorders of the central nervous systém.
Bartošková, Iva ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Hochmann, Jiří (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important signaling molecules involved in different of cellular events. The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of NO is nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Three NOS isoforms was described. Two of them ones are constitutive and functionally depend on the presence of calcium ions and calmodulin (nNOS and eNOS), iNOS activity is independent of the concentration of calcium. NO plays a key role in the brain morphogenesis. It can regulate a synaptic plasticity, firing of neurons, and the modulation of release of other neurotransmitters and hormons. The release of NO causes the local vasodilatation. NO can iniciate, under certain conditions, the neurotoxic cascade. It plays, e.g., a role in neurodegenerative diseases, but can play a neuroprotective role as well. NO is one of the pain mediators. NO is partipicant in many important diseases such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and migraine. Migraine is defined as a disorder marked by pulsating headaches which persist usually for 4-72 hours and are mostly accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Patients with headache are very frequent patients of practitioner as well as of the neurologists.
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