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Functional role of purinergic P2X receptors in the supraoptic nuclei of the rat and structure-function relations of recombinant P2X receptors.
Vávra, Vojtěch ; Zemková, Hana (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee)
Purinergic P2X receptors are non-selective cationic channels gated by extracellular ATP. Up to now, seven mammalian subunits, termed P2X1-X7, have been cloned and characterized. These receptors comprise a new membrane channel family with distinct structural and functional features. P2X receptors take part in a signalling network called "purinergic signalling" which is widely exploited in both somatic and neuronal tissues. In the central nervous system, they are highly expressed in the hypothalamus and hypophysis, where they participate in the regulation of homeostatic and reproductional functions. The main focus of my Thesis is on the expression and functional role of P2X receptors in supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. These nuclei contain two populations of magnocellular neurons which produce either oxytocin or arginine-vasopressin. Delivery of the hormones into the systemic blood relies on the electrical activity of supraoptic neurons, which is in turn governed by the incomming synaptic inputs. It has been recently shown, that the process of hormone release from supraoptic neurons is regulated by extracellular ATP. However, purinergic signals that regulate hormone secretion are not well understood. The aim of my study was to identify subtypes of P2X receptors expressed in the supraoptic...
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Organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly
Konopická, Olga ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with the organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on social services, age and changes connected with it, nutrition of the elderly, evaluation of nutritional status and accreditation of nutritional care. In the last part of the theoretical part I deal with the international project NutritionDay worldwide. NDay's vision is to minimize malnutrition in institutional care patients through the systematic collection and analysis of nutritional status data in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to describe the organization of nutritional care in individual facilities and find out the nutritional status of clients in individual facilities by participating in the project nutritionDay worldwide 2018 (nDay) and comparing it with other facilities in the world. A partial objective was to find out the awareness of employees in the nursing section about the organization of nutritional care in their institution and also to obtain more detailed information about nutritional care in individual institutions. To the project nDay held on 15. 11. 2018 were involved three facilities, which I have labeled 1, 2 and 3 for the sake of...
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Awareness of senior citizens about the principles of healthy nutrition
Andrysíková, Šárka ; Mádlová, Pavla (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Key words: old age, specifics of old age, nutrition, nutritional literacy The diploma thesis deals with the issue of nutrition in the senior population. It focuses on the level of knowledge and ability to use the information obtained. The theoretical part informs about the demographic development of the population, describes the signs of aging and old age, and further summarizes the general nutritional recommendations suitable for the elderly population. The empirical part analyzes the knowledge and information obtained from respondents through anonymous questionnaires. The aim of this work is to find out the level of knowledge of seniors about healthy nutrition and interest in the issue. A nutritionally balanced diet helps to strengthen health and thereby improve the quality of life of seniors.
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Legal Informatics and the Legislation
Novák, František
The paper deals with the description of possibilities of using the IT technology in the field of legislation, understood as the system of legislative forms or documents (Laws) on one side and the process of creating and issuing those documents (Law Acts) on the other. It describes special scientific projects aiming at studiyng several problems of legislation with the use of IT technology and their results including the design of special tools for perfecting the legislation as such as well as the work of the legislator: e.g. legal retrieval (information) systems, databases of egal information, tools of 'legimatics', or monitoring of the development of the legislative system. The second part of this study si devoted to presentation and evaluation of two new Czech projects: e-Legislation and e-Collection of Laws. Analysed are the goals and principles of those projected systems and their operation. And, of course, their future.
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Dietary interventions in liver disease
Holcová, Zuzana ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Master thesis summarizes latest knowledge in the field of special nutrition for patients with liver condition. Theoretical chapters describe liver physiology and etiology of selected liver diseases e.g. hepatitis, cirrhosis, chemical-driven liver damage. Given the fact the main cause of chronic liver disease is globally considered alcohol, a special chapter is dedicated to this topic which describes pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hepatocytes and other non-parenchymal liver cells. The thesis provides a comprehensive view on the issue of malnutrition and nutrition recommendations in specific liver disease. Practical part of the thesis involved complex questioning of healthcare providers - doctors and nurses - from selected hospital and presents overview of healthcare providers knowledge regarding latest nutrition recommendations in specific liver disease. Key words: liver damage, malnutrition, alcohol, nutrition, diet, cirrhosis, liver physiology
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Nutritional problems in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells
Michková, Petra ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Introduction: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious medical complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HSCT). It causes immunodeficiency and several organ damage and decreases survival time at two years after a transplantation. A nutritional intervention should be applied just before the transplantation, because a nutritional status significantly influences the post-transplant complications. A risk of malnutrition or metabolic syndrome can be assessed by several markers. A combination of laboratory, anthropometric, biometric and physical data is suitable for this purpose. In addition, a subjective questionnaire regarding eating habits and physical activity of the patients can be used. Objectives: This thesis deals with the patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) following the allo HSCT. The objective was to describe a nutritional status of the patients, to find out in which way a long-term immunosuppressive treatment affects a body composition and to describe the eating habits and the physical activity of these patients. Methods: 31 patients with GVHD and 24 patients after allo HSCT without GVHD participated in the research. A body composition (using bioelectrical impedance) and selected laboratory parameters in patients were assessed. A subjective health...
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