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THE EFFECT OF MO AND/OR C ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF TIAL ALLOYS
Chlupová, Alice ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Roupcová, Pavla ; Heczko, Milan ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Beran, Přemysl
Cast TiAl alloys with high Nb content are subject of extensive research with the aim to develop material with low density, good corrosion resistance and high strength at elevated temperatures. Disadvantage of their broad applications is restricted workability, machinability and low fracture toughness especially at room temperature. Improvement of properties of TiAl based materials can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure by modification of chemical composition. For this purpose 5 types of TiAl alloys with 7 % of Nb were prepared having variable content of Mo and/or C. Addition of Mo and/or C resulted in three types of microstructure and different phase composition. All modified alloys contain colonies consisting of thin lamellae of a and g phases sometimes complemented by g and/or b phase at the grain boundaries. Variable microstructure and phase composition resulted in differences in mechanical behaviour. The most promising tensile properties at both room and elevated temperature were observed for alloy doped with 2 % of Mo having the mixed microstructure containing b phase and for alloy doped with 0.5 % of C with nearly lamellar microstructure without b phase. 2Mo alloy exhibited reasonably good ductility while 0.5C alloy reached the highest tensile strength. Also low cycle fatigue behaviour of these two materials was the best of all five materials under investigation. Fatigue deformation characteristics were better in the case of 2Mo alloy while 0.5C alloy exhibited higher cyclic stresses. Fracture mechanisms were determined using fractographic analysis. The major fracture mode of all alloys was trans-lamellar.
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Strength, fracture and fatigue properties of materials and weld joints from feeder piping of water turbine
Dlouhý, Ivo ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Čupera, Pavel ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Šiška, Filip
Sets of deformation, strength, fracture mechanical and fatigue properties of base materials and weld joints from feeder piping of water turbine is summarised in the report. There are data from 30 mm thick steel sheet and weld joint of this sheet with the casting part. R-curves have been also measured by loading - unloading method at room temperature and at 0°C. In addition tests of CT specimens in the upper shelf and transition region have been carried out with the aim to specify the lowest (conservative) value of the fracture toughness. Fatigue tests are reported too, mainly based on cyclic response curves and life time curves of the base material and heat affected zone of the weld joint between sheet materials.
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Strenght, fracture and fatigue properties of base materials and weld joint of inflow piping to water turbine (PART I - Weld plate to plate)
Dlouhý, Ivo ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Čupera, Pavel ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Šiška, Filip
Sets of strength, strain, fracture toughness and fatigue properties are summarised in the report characterising the base material, heat affected zones and weld joint material of steel used in water turbine system. Data obtained from 30 mm sheet materials and its weld joint are given. Tests have been carried out in agreement with recent standards and loading curves for finite element calculations have been also supplied. Crack resistance curves have been also generated by unloading technique at 0 and +20°C. Tests of compact tensions in transition regions enabling to determine reference temperature have been carried out. There are also data from fatigue tests, namely cyclic response and fatigue life curves, for the same materials.
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A Comparison of Different Measurement Method of Mechanical Properties of Al Thin Film
Truhlář, M. ; Buršíková, V. ; Sobota, Jaroslav ; Kruml, Tomáš
The paper compares two different methods for testing of metallic thin films: microcompression test and nanoindentation. Microcompression test is one possibility how to perform mechanical tests on a very small scale. This method requires preparation of a small cylindrical specimen (micropillar) of micrometric size by FIB and execution of a compression test using nanoindenter device equipped with a flat diamond punch. Stressstrain curves of the thin films were obtained from such tests. Nanoindentation tests were then conducted to compare the results on the same films. Two different metal thin films – AlCuW, AlCuSi with thickness 2 .mu.m and grain size 3.8 .mu.m in average were prepared by PVD method. In this paper, we announce the results of measurements, a comparison of the results obtained by each method and identify advantages and limitations of the methods.
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Determination of mechanical properties from microcompression test
Truhlář, Michal ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Kuběna, Ivo ; Petráčková, Klára ; Náhlík, Luboš
This paper describes a microcompression test of Al - 1.5 wt. % Cu thin film deposited on Si substrate. Microcompression combines the sample preparation with the use of ion focused beam (FIB) with a compression test carried out using nanoindenter. Cylindrical specimens (pillars) were prepared using FIB. The diameter of pillars was about 1.3 μm and their height was about 2 μm (equal to the film thickness). Stress-strain curves of the thin film were obtained. The results depend on crystallographic orientation of pillar. The paper is focused to an attempt to determine as precisely as possible Young modulus of the film using experimental data and finite element modelling.
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Estimation of mechanical properties of thin Al surface layer
Petráčková, Klára ; Kuběna, Ivo ; Truhlář, Michal ; Náhlík, Luboš ; Kruml, Tomáš
The paper describes a new method for testing of thin layers, so-called microcompression test. As an example determination of Al thin film properties deposited on Si substrate is introduced in the paper. Microcompression combines the sample preparation with the use of focused ion beam (FIB) with a compression test carried out using nanoindenter. Cylindrical specimens (pillars) were prepared in Al film using FIB. The typical diameter of pillars was about 1.3 μm and their height was about 2 μm. The results depend on crystallographic orientation of pillar. Stress-strain curves of the thin film were obtained. Experimentally measured data on pillars needs correction to obtain undistorted material properties of Al thin film. A necessary correction using finite element modeling is suggested in the paper. The paper contributes to a better characterization of very thin surface layers and determination of their mechanical properties.
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Proceedings of the 16th International colloquium Mechanical Fatigue of Materials
Polák, Jaroslav ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Man, Jiří
The XVI International Colloquium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals was organized by the Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Brno, in September 24-26, 2012. The Colloquium has been opened to participants from all countries interested in the subject of fatigue of metallic materials. The proceedings contains 39 abstracts of 35 oral and of 4 poster contributions by 122 authors from 18 countries to be presented during the Colloquium.
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High Temperature Fatigue Behaviour of Third Generation of TiAl Alloys
Obrtlík, Karel ; Kruml, Tomáš
Low cycle fatigue properties of lamellar TiAl with 7.8 at.% Nb were studied at four temperatures: room temperature, 700, 750 and 800 °C. Up to 750 °C, stable cyclic behaviour is observed while cyclic softening is characteristic for 800°C. The strength of the alloy is still high even at 800 °C. The TEM observation did not reveal any substantial changes in the microstructure due to the cycling at RT. At 750 °C, the lamellar structure was in some places destroyed by cyclic plasticity and pure g-phase islands with high density of dislocation debris were formed. At 800 °C, the domains without lamellar structure cover about 10% of inspected volume and are almost dislocation free. The results show that the diffusion processes leading to vanishing of small prizmatic dislocation loops start to operate between 750 and 800 °C. The destruction of lamellar microstructure and annealing of dislocation debris is the reason for cyclic softening at 800 °C.
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Microstructure, tensile properties and fatigue behaviour of bulk nanoquasicrystalline Al alloy Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2
Chlupová, Alice ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Kuběna, Ivo ; Roupcová, Pavla
The characterization of mechanical properties (i.e. stress-strain characteristics measured in tensile and fatigue tests) together with description of the microstructure of bulk nanocrystalline Al alloy is reported. Aluminium based material used in this work was prepared by hot extrusion of gas atomised powder of chemical composition Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 which contains nanosized quasicrystalline phase. Changes in fracture mechanisms both at fatigue testing performed at room temperature and at tensile tests performed at different test temperatures were investigated. The quality of powder compaction after extrusion was proved as sufficient. Strong texture in longitudinal direction resulting from production route was detected. Presence of icosahedral phase in material was confirmed by TEM and XRD techniques. Fractographical analysis of fracture surface was performed and results were used for description of fracture mechanisms.
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