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Antibiotic use by pharmacy employees
Duvanova, Natalia ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Jozef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of social and clinical pharmacy Candidate Natalia Duvanova Consultant Prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc. Title of Thesis «Antibiotic use by pharmacy employees» Introduction: This thesis discusses the issue of the purchase and use of antibiotics pharmacy employees in Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation. The objectives of the study were to investigate their level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antibiotics. The frequency of consulting the pharmacists about diseases that often require antibiotics is rather high among patients in the Russian Federation. And many pharmacists provide their recommendations. Opinion polls held by WCIOM (Russian Public Opinion Research Center) in 2011 showed that 46% of respondents believe antibiotics kill viruses. Moreover, since 2007 this figure has even increased slightly - then it was 45%. According to the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) total outpatient antibiotic use in Russian Federation from 1997 to 2009 expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants and per day was 9.8 (2003), 9.3 (2004), 9.1 (2005), 9.6 (2006), 10.2 (2007), 10.0 (2008) and 12.2 (2009). Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 308 respondents using a...
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Analysis of Hormone Replacement Therapy usage among Women attending Osteocentres
Kvapilová, Michaela ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
6. ZÁVĚR 1. Uskutečnila jsem průzkum mezi studenty 1. ročníku farmacie zaměřený na zajímavé nebo neznámé pojmy, se kterými se setkali během svých praxí v lékárnách. Do základní databáze, v níž jsem soustředila hlavní výsledky tohoto průzkumu, které byly získány v akademickém roce 2003/2004 od 172 studentů 1. ročníku, jsem zařadila celkem 190 různých pojmů v celkovém zastoupení 852 výskytů. Nejvíce používanými pojmy byly pojmy převzaté z cizích jazyků např. rajbšál, pistil a štantka. Tyto pojmy se vyskytly v různých pravopisných obměnách. Studenti pro jednotlivé pojmy uvedli 67 různých synonym, jež jsem následně využila dále. 2. Zpracovala jsem Přehled vybraných pojmů, do něhož jsem ze základní databáze získané průzkumem převzala naprostou většinu nalezených pojmů a doplnila je o některé další mnou nalezené pojmy, které jsem sama vyhledala z různých zdrojů nebo se s nimi setkala na praxích. Přehled obsahuje celkem 180 pojmů s vysvětlením či definicí, včetně synonymních výrazů, a má být výchozím podkladem pro připravovaný Slovník vybraných pojmů ve farmacii, jehož základní podobu jsem již také začala připravovat. 3. Stávající podoba Přehledu vybraných pojmů může být již v současné době po drobných úpravách, spíše "kosmetického charakteru", zpřístupněna studentům jako studijní pomůcka. Definitivní Slovník bych...
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ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS BASED ON HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY DATA
Buriánková, Lenka ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Zimčíková, Eva (referee)
ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS BASED ON HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY DATA Student: Buriankova L. Tutor: Vlcek J., Dept. of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Background: Overuse and misuse of antibiotics leads to increased resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. There is a risk we will not have antibiotics effective against pathogenic microorganisms in future. It is therefore very important to make guidelines for rational prescribing and use of antibiotics. Aim: Analyze antibiotic consumption data package collected in given period depending on consumer age or sex. Analyze which group of doctor prescribes antibiotics in most cases. Analyze the most prescribed substances depending on different expression of consumption and compare obtained data with available data. Methods: Source of data is a database of employment insurance. The number of insurance clients was 129 699 in 2006 and 131 876 in 2007. Antibiotic use was evaluated, namely the group J01 of ATC system - Antibacterial drugs for systemic use. Data cover years 2006 and 2007. AISLP-CR, version 2008.4 is a database used for searching information about different drugs and substances. Obtained data were summarized in a database in Microsoft Excel. ATC / DDD system was...
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Analysis of prescription and potential drug interactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Antoušková, Helena ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Rudolf, Kamil (referee)
Background: Concurrent use of multiple drugs often increases therapeutic effectiveness, but very often may also pose a risk for drug interactions. These may result in severe clinical manifestation, if they are not paid an attention and unproperly managed. Aim: To assess percentage of potential drug interactions in the population of patients with diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and suggest their management. Methods: 177 patients with IBD (84 male, 93 female, mean age 36,9, range 16 - 78, 117 CD, 60 UC) enrolled. Their complete medication was gained by means of an interview and subsequently evaluated and processed with Thomson MICROMEDEX® DRUG - REAX® System to reveal potential drug interactions. All the identified drug interactions were taken as potential. There was no prove if patient was harmed by them. Results: In CD, the most prescribed drugs were aminosalicylates (39 %), corticosteroids (both topical and systemic)(21 %) and immunosupressants (23 %). The other prescribed medicines were proton pump inhibitors, iron containing preparates, probiotics and TNF-α inhibitors. In UC, the most prescribed drugs were aminosalicylates (51 %), corticosteroids (both topical and systemic)(22 %) and immunosupressants again (13 %). The other prescribed medicines were proton pump inhibitors, iron...
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Importance of Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Kučerová, Andrea ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmahelová, Alena (referee)
Importance of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Mgr. Andrea Kučerová, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, doctorate thesis, 2010 Metformin is biquanid which, during its therapeutic use, has undergone a period of perdition and fall followed by again rising up to the imaginary pharmacological-therapeutic summit when it became a "gold standard" in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, it is recommended by the professional authorities abroad and in the Czech Republic as a first choice drug after determination of diagnosis together with diet and physical exercise. How these recommendations follow and reflect the diabetological prescription situation? What prevents the physicians-prescriptors from implementation of the recommendations into their daily practice? The aim and subject of this thesis is the issue of therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by means of oral antidiabetics (PADs) with a special focus on the decision mechanisms of selected prescription groups of physicians. A historical development of metformin must be reminded in the theoretical part of this thesis in order to better understand and substantiate these prescription habits, and furthermore a development and changes of its position in...
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The analysis of management of dyslipidemia by outpatients in 2002-2007
Lancmannová, Lenka ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Malý, Josef (referee)
The analysis of managment of dyslipidemia by outpatients in 2002 - 2007 Student: Lenka Lancmannová Dissertation supervisit: Prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc Training Specialist: Mgr. Martin Doseděl Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec kralove, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Introduction: Atherosclerosis and the resulting cardiovascular disease (ICHS, IM, ICHDK, CMP) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality of adult population in developed countries. The introduction of lipid lowering medicaments in clinical practice is one of the most therapeutic procedures affecting the prognosis and quality of life of patients Aim: Monitoring during treatment of patients with dyslipidemia, standardization of lipid levels, achieving the targets in the blood lipid levels. Monitoring prescription lipid lowering in the years 2002-2007 Methods: 177 patients were monitored (92 men, 85 women, average age 59 years) in the form of retrospectives, the period of 5 years. Data were drawn from the records from 3 patients of general practitioners and 1 internists. Results: The largest representation of patients have the mixed dyslipidemia, 91%. Most patients fell within the primary prevention of 54,2%, in secondary prevention 28.8% in secondary prevention with DM2 type 6.2%,...
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Individualized pharmacokinetically guided dosage adjustment of fluorouracil using population pharmacokinetic modeling
Čechlovský, David ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
vii ABSTRACT David Čechlovský‡ , Stefanie Kraff*, Ulrich Jaehde* *Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Germany ‡ Department of social and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Title of diploma thesis: Individualized pharmacokinetically guided dosage adjustment of fluorouracil (5-FU) using population pharmacokinetic modelling. Objectives: To develop a method to increase the efficacy and tolerability of fluorouracil (5-FU) with pharmacokinetically-guided dose adjustment based on a target AUC. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 90 patients with the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma treated with fluorouracil (5-FU) administered at various infusion durations. Several versions of compartmental pharmacokinetic models were fitted to the plasma concentration data, using nonlinear mixed effect modelling (NONMEM). Different error models were evaluated. The potential effect of patient covariates was evaluated using a stepwise method. Model evaluation was performed by using the bootstrap method. Results: The one-compartment linear model was chosen as a base model as it was successful in fitting to the data collected..The final model contained Additive Residual Error. A covariate BSA>CL and IIV on CL were significantly correlated to the...
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Pharmacotherapy analysis of diabetes mellitus in diabetologic consulting room.
Buriánková, Lenka ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmahelová, Alena (referee)
PHARMACOTHERAPY ANALYSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN DIABETOLOGIC CONSULTING ROOM Student: Buriankova L. Tutor: Vlcek J., Dept. of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague,Czech Republic Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a group of metabolic diseases whose common trait is hyperglycaemia. Aim: To assess the group of patients, diabetics with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to different points of view and to assess their treatment. Methods: 106 patients with DM type 2 (49 male, 57 female, mean age 61,8) were retrospectively studied for 23 months. The data were obtained from patient's data in diabetologic consulting room. Results: The concentrations of glycosylated haemoglobin were in 45 % of patients less than 6,5, 13 % of patients had these concentrations 6,5-7,5 and this can be considered as satisfying state of disease. 42 % respondents had higher concentrations of glycosylated haemoglobin. The most common medication in monotherapy were sulfonylureas in 25 % of patients and metformin in 16 % of patients. The most common combination of antidiabetics were metformin with sulfonylureas in 17 % and metformin with insulin in 12 % of patients. Insulin therapy was indicated in 39 % of patients (25 % in combination with oral antidiabetics, 14 % in...
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Hypertension and Nutrition: Fat-soluble Vitamins A, D and E
Weber, Jakub ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Hypertension and nutrition: Fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E Weber J1 , Vlcek J1 , Suarez-Varella MM2 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic 2 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain Arterial hypertension (AH) is a disease affecting population globally, and thus considered as a problem of public health and socioeconomic. Studies are trying to identify the connection between diet and the prevalence of arterial hypertension. Objective of the study was to determine possible association between an occurrence of AH and fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E intake. The nested, case-control population study investigation was grounded on database from the Spanish Hortega study, and performed on a random sample of 1,514 people (50.3 % women, 49.7 % men). From this sample we selected those aged ≥ 40 years old and untreated for hypertension and divided them into two groups: non-hypertensive (n = 429; 63.6 %) (controls), and newly diagnosed AH (n = 246; 36.4 %) (cases). Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, data on dietary intakes, education, socioeconomic status, place of residence, health habits, comorbidities, consumption of alcohol and tobacco were used for our...
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The analysis of eating habits of diabetics in the USA
Vaňkátová, Helena ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Besides the good drug compliance, appropriate nutrition plays important role in successful management of the metabolic aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and in the prevention of diabetes-related conditions. The goal of this study was to analyze eating habits among DM2 patients in the United States. The Fat- and Fiber-Related Diet Habits Questionnaire (A.Shattuck, 1998) was used in this study to obtain identical data for comparison. The original version was slightly adjusted according to the local habits. The study took place at the El Rio Community Health Center clinics in Tucson, Arizona, USA; during the time period of three months (September to December 2011). Patients with DM2 patients visiting the clinic were recruited for participation. Once patients were given the questionnaire, answers were put into the database created in an Excel application (Microsoft Office 2010) and analyzed using the frequency analysis. 207 patients filled out the questionnaire. The mean age was 56,8 ± 12,6 years, the mean age when diagnosed with DM2 was 45,3 ± 12,7 years, BMI 33,2 ± 7,8 kg/m2, the mean waist circumference 109,7 ± 19,7 cm and the mean A1C was 8,1± 1,7% (ad DCCT). 10% of participants were treated only by the diet, 49% with peroral antidiabetics (PAD), 14% with insulin, and 28% with combination...
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