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Creatures of Science, Living Models and the Construction of Scientific Communities
Stella, Marco ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Janko, Jan (referee)
Creatures of Science. Living Models and the Construction of Scientific Communities. Marco Stella The present thesis, which is to be understood as a contribution both to history and anthropology of science, deals with the relationship of the construction and emergence of scientific communities and the use of models in science, or construction of new forms of knowledge. We deal primary with the history of life sciences, especially behavioral sciences, which formed in the beginning of the 20th century as a relatively independent a scientific field and a rather heterogeneous platform for a common research of life utterances and cognition of man and other animals. The thesis focuses mainly on living models, often used biological and psychological research. Using Latour's concepts of modernity and hybridity, the thesis points at the hybridizing effect of behavioral sciences (the model always shapes and creates the modelled) and also at their ways of human and animal images. The second often serve as a basis for constructing the second. I also discuss some the ways how implicit model properties, which influence the (seemingly) isolated sphere of science, affect the chances of a community for becoming a discipline. On three examples from the history of life sciences, i.e. the unsuccessful institutionalization of...
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Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria: An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform
Bojar, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform The Ph.D. dissertation is centred around a relatively concise, but extremely influential book: Cesare Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments (Dei delitti e delle pene). This work, first published in 1764, sums up in a clear, yet intellectually penetrating way all the main Enlightenment principles of a complex penal law reform. In its time, the book was not only of great philosophical importance and it not only changed the way western societies perceived crime and punishment, but it also served as a concrete guideline for various penal law reformers. It is therefore by no means an overstatement to say that it caused a true paradigm shift in both legal and moral philosophy. The main aim of the thesis is to give a legal-philosophical account of Beccaria's thoughts on crime and punishment, to examine their historical as well as moral background and show the actual impact they had on the legislation of many different, mainly European states. The first chapters of the dissertation are focused on Beccaria's life, his intellectual background and his formative influences (particularly the French, English and Scottish Enlightenment, the social contract theory, utilitarianism, Montesquieu's thoughts on penal...
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Prevent the big water. Flood control measures issued by public administrative bodies in the late 18th century Bohemia.
Hudeček, Ondřej ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
During the winter of 1783-1784, practically all European states were struck by severe floods. These natural disasters challenged the state bodies and their ability to cope with exceptional situations. At the time, administrative bodies in the Czech lands were undergoing numerous and substantial reforms designed in the spirit of enlightened absolutism to improve efficiency and thus contribute to the "greater good". The aim of all these reforms was to bring security to the lives of people and promote its quality, because this brought advantages for the whole state. Based on an analysis of the preserved archive sources and newspapers examines present dissertation the formation of the state flood prevention in Bohemia in the late eighteen century. From general point of view the aim of my dissertation is to help to better understand the modernisation process in the era of Enlightenment. It departs, i.a. from the findings of French philosopher Michel Foucault and his concept of biopolitics. The dissertation analyses some concrete examples of this biopolitics, such as the struggle of state bodies against every possible irregularity, contingency and risk, that could endangered the wealth of state and its inhabitants, health of people and the social order, promotion of "love for human beings"...
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Revolution of 1848 at the Mnichovo Hradiště estate
Ondráčková, Michaela ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
The aim of this BA thesis is to focus on the revolutionary events in the year 1848 in regional scope in the context of the Mnichovo Hradiště estate. The objective is to look at the events from different perspectives, taking into account the personal experiences and stances of contemporaries from different social groups including the royal family, the feudal lords and citizens of the liege towns and villages. Special attention will be given to the development of the relationship between the feudal lords and their subjects. Furthermore, the causes and consequences of the revolution will be described based on the changes on economic and public life. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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P. Franz Schneider: Portrait of a Bolzanist
Pichnerová, Anna ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
Abstrackt (in English) This bachelor thesis deals with the life and work of the German Bohemian priest, teacher and writer P. Franz Schneider (1794-1858), a leading member of the Bolzanist movement and a significant figure of the cultural life of Prague in the first half of the 19th century. It reconstructs his curriculum vitae through biographical sources, especially with respect to the contexts of nationality and ecclesiastical history. The thesis also presents an analysis of the content and literary aspects of Schneider's fictional works, journalism and religious texts and follows the nachleben of this historical personality as a figure in Czech literature. In its conclusion this bachelor thesis describes Schneider's gradual disappearance from public memory. This thesis uses the methods of literary science and historiography. Its basic tool is text analysis. To the describing of Schneider's life and his own work, but also the documents of his contemporaries who left written mentions of him. Its other sources are material such as the tombstone by sculptor František Šebek. The bachelor thesis strives for a biography in a modern sense - it means that it does not separate the personality from his or her historical context, but it does not diminish his or her role in historical processes. It shows that Franz...
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Samuel Štúr - A forgotten "teacher" of Slovak Awakeners
Jurámiková, Babeta ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
Samuel Štúr (1789-1851) is, as a public figure, usually perceived to be in the historical background: the father of Ľudovít Štúr. He is often mentioned in the context of his teaching career or his being in contact with František Palacký. He lived his life on the brink of the national awakening. Despite his close connection to the two leading figures of the national awakenings he fell into oblivion. The aim of this thesis is to describe the crucial aspects of his life utilizing fragment analysis and thus provide a closer understanding of his life circumstances. Furthermore, this thesis is attempting to depict the discrepancy between the enlightened and the romantic generation and their reciprocal role in the forming of national identity. Key words: schools, Kingdom of Hungary, Ľudovít Štúr, František Palacký, nationality
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Enlightenment as the Beginning of National Revival?
Fapšo, Marek ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Marek FAPŠO, Enlightenment as the Origin of National Revival?, dissertaion, Institute of Czech History, Charles University, Prague 2019 Dissertation aims a goal to catch an age between 1760-1790, which is usually in the Bohemian Lands taken as the so called beginning of the National Revival. Methodologically the dissertation stands upon tradition of Michel Foucault's research and environmental history. Firstly, it brings synchronic connections of phenomena instead of searching for diachronic predecessors and followers of so called Enlightenment. Secondly, the dissertation brings up the reflections of nature, landscape and environment, which became an important issue in the second half of the 18th century. One of the leitmotivs is the relationship between usually disconnected realms of natural and human sciences. The work is divided into three main parts. The first one is focused on reflections of languages, their natural background and classifications related to Carl Linne's taxonomy. Then the second deals with long forgotten concept of Naturgeschichte forging together natural and historical perspective. A topic is also devoted to new-born fields of expertise - archaeology and critical historiography - that have a special relation to landscape as well. In the last part the notion of nature and...
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Prevent the big water. Flood control measures issued by public administrative bodies in the late 18th century Bohemia.
Hudeček, Ondřej ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
During the winter of 1783-1784, practically all European states were struck by severe floods. These natural disasters challenged the state bodies and their ability to cope with exceptional situations. At the time, administrative bodies in the Czech lands were undergoing numerous and substantial reforms designed in the spirit of enlightened absolutism to improve efficiency and thus contribute to the "greater good". The aim of all these reforms was to bring security to the lives of people and promote its quality, because this brought advantages for the whole state. Based on an analysis of the preserved archive sources and newspapers examines present dissertation the formation of the state flood prevention in Bohemia in the late eighteen century. From general point of view the aim of my dissertation is to help to better understand the modernisation process in the era of Enlightenment. It departs, i.a. from the findings of French philosopher Michel Foucault and his concept of biopolitics. The dissertation analyses some concrete examples of this biopolitics, such as the struggle of state bodies against every possible irregularity, contingency and risk, that could endangered the wealth of state and its inhabitants, health of people and the social order, promotion of "love for human beings"...
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The Journal Religion und Priester. An Effort to Analyse the Publicistic Discourse of Catholic Theologians during the Reforms of Josephinism.
Pěček, Vít ; Zdichynec, Jan (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
1 Abstract (in English): The Bachelor thesis deals with the journal Religion und Priester, which was published between 1782 and 1784 in Prague and then in Vienna. This periodical was probably the first religious journal in the lands of the Crown of Bohemia, however, it was not an orthodox Catholic journal. The work concentrates at first on external characterization, subsequently it tries to solve the complicated question of the authorship of the journal during its first phase. Space is also dedicated to Franz Xaver Huber, the main editor and the personality with the very interesting life career. The core of the thesis consists in the analysis of the religious thought in the Religion und Priester, which was powerfully influenced by the Enlightenment and Josephinism. The goal of the authors was the cleansing of the religion, mainly the Catholic, the "enlightenment" of the people and the unification of Christian denominations. Besides that, they criticize the monastic life, celibacy, or papacy, and they demand some other principal changes in the Catholic Church. The next chapter describes a few contemporary reflexions concerning the analysed periodical. At the end the author speculates about the main tendencies in the journal - about the "naturalism", etatism, or "secondary Christianity".
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Social intercourse in the 18th century from the perspective of the conduct books
Hubáčková, Pavla ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Smyčka, Václav (referee)
Based on the 18th century German-written conduct books, this bachelor thesis studies strategies that were recommended to the then readers in pursuit of successful life; what was or was not acceptable, what parts of human behaviour they paid attention to, and how the individual authors' perspectives differed. The thesis centres around Karl Heinrich Seibt'sKlugheitslehre, examined by content analysis and compared to other literature. It also defines some of the concepts found in the conduct books, such as politeness or cleverness.
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