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U.S. Health Care Reform
Čapková, Lenka ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the basic moments in the U.S. health care reform. The theoretical part is based on the concept of health as human capital, as a factor of labor productivity. The rate of depreciation of health capital is closely associated with age and grows throughout the life cycle. In the U.S. is currently more than 46 million people uninsured and their access to health care is very limited. U.S. health care system is a highly cost, total expenditure exceeded 16 percent of GDP. Based on various calculations, the thesis describes assumed purposes of reform in terms of health coverage of population, share of private and public spending, additional insurance, etc. The thesis also deals with a reduction in price elasticity of demand for health care in context of increasing the number of insured persons. Theoretically justifies a possibility of moral hazard at participating elementary subjects.
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DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND SOLVING PROBLEMS OF POPULATION AGEING
Vojtěšková, Markéta ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
The ageing of population is the most marked demographic process, which is in progress in the most developed countries around the world (and in European Union too) and it will accompany us all of the 21st century. It is spoken negative about them. But it is a positive phenomenon, because it is consequence of economic and social development and therefore an indicator of the level of advancement of the country. The goal of this thesis is to give a comprehensive view of ageing of population issues, to describe demographic development of European Union, it's changes and trends and to find out causes of difference between individual countries. Thesis should analyse economic and societal impact of these changes, offer solution to negative effects and suggest measures, which should the countries take, too. Attention will be paid to Czech Republic too, because it is one of the countries, where will be the situation very serious.
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The impact analysis of the EU-Korea FTA on the Czech sensitive sectors with special attention to the automotive industry
Baladová, Šárka ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
Strong objections appeared in the Czech Republic, especially in the automotive industry, against the EU-Korea Free Tra de Agreement right after its adoption in October 2009. There were fears that the Agreement would endanger Czech competitiveness in the European market while new opportunity for Czech exporters in the Korean market would be limited. The thesis aims to analyze the impacts of the Agreement on the Czech sensitive sectors as the author does not agree with the results of the very first Czech country specific analysis made by the Association for International Affairs (AMO) that neglects any important endangering effects of the Agreement. The crucial difference between this paper and the study made by AMO is that the author considers Czech competitiveness in the European market as a decisive criterion while AMO analysts analyze the impacts on the Czech market only. They do not consider Czech exports to the EU member states and potentially strengthening competition in the European market for Czech producers. In the thesis the sensitive sectors are defined using the data from the International Trade Centre (ITC), the Czech statistical office, and the UN COMTRADE. Hariss index is used to measure restrictiveness of the rules of origin for the very first time in the EU-Korean FTA context, the methodology of the European Commission is utilized to estimate potential savings in effect of duty drawback, and a qualitative analysis of the non-tariff barriers is applied. The author points at a decisive function of non tariff barriers that plays even more important role in terms of liberalization then tariff reduction itself. Regarding the automotive industry, the thesis shows that Czech competitiveness within heading 8703 (cars) will not be endangered in effect of the Agreement while there might be some difficulties within heading 8708 (parts & accessories for motor vehicles). The Czech Republic does not perform any revealed competitive advantage in trade of services. The arguments of Czech car makers against the Agreement about the trade within heading 8703 are not admitted. However further research is needed to analyze if the Agreement will have harmful effects on Czech competitiveness in the European market within heading 8708. The Agreement will not bring up any notable opportunity for Czech exporters in the Korean market.
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The Current Financial Crisis Through the Eyes of the Austrian School
Pfeifer, Lukáš ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis aims to defend the irreplaceable role of the Austrian business cycle theory in explaining the current financial crisis in the U.S.. Attention is also paid to applied measures of American economic policies and their impact on the elimination of the purification process of the recession. Furthermore, the work deals with the identification of preventive measures, which would reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of economic cycles. Recommendations by representatives of the Austrian School are described as difficult to implement on the basis of number of arguments. In the work are therefore proposed more realistic measures to limit the volatility of the economic cycle, which emanate mainly from the composite price index, which is the subject of this text. The index reflects the price development in all stages of production and should therefore in monetary policy matters replace the current use of price indicators, based on the inflated scale of consumption, taking into account only minimal effects of monetary expansion. The work deals with the calculation of the composite price index for the United States, which used the instrument of Skounsen indicator of gross domestic output. The development of the composite price index in the US is then analyzed and compared with the development of other macroeconomic variables. Based on this examination, we recommend the use of composite price index for monetary policy regime of inflation targeting and the implementation thereof by the Federal Reserve monetary policy.
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EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS IN A FORM OF MEAL VOUCHERS AND INTEREST GROUPS BEHIND
Eichlerová, Tereza ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
I focused my thesis on the meal advantages for the employees, specifically a tax advantage by way of meal tickets, which is still much debated because of possible cancellation of meal vouchers, even though they are one of the most popular employee benefits. The meal vouchers inherently belongs to the interest groups, who attempt to present system of tax relief to keep meal tickets, using political lobbying. The theoretical part is based on access to the public school choice, which deals with the first public choice theory, and then the interest groups' issue. The practical part will be applied to the public choice theory and interest groups on the current meal vouchers' system in Czech Republic for a period of the effectiveness of the current law, together with a comparative analysis with other countries. Then I analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current employment benefits by meal tickets through their tax advantage and outline the possible effective alternatives.
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Grants for promoting alternative energy sources
Gábelová, Barbora ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This work deal with the characteristics of alternative energy sources, their usage, comparing with nonrenewable energy sources and of development alternative energy sources above all by grant programs. Important part of this work is also comparing efectivnes and costs. Practical part is followed by a list of requirements and operations necessary for a succesfull and proper utilization of grants. The goal of this work is to show influence of energy production on world economic-political situation especially comparing nonrenewable and alternative sources. Accomplishment of this work I consider finding answer on question: "Is it possible to incorporate alternative energy sources into the regular energy production without grant programs?"
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Economic analysis of the regulation impacts on the protection endangered species of animals
Krejzová, Lucie ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
The thesis focuses on causes of ever-declining state of endangered species of animals even though they are protected internationaly by wide law-system. This bachelor thesis targets in the theoretical part primarily the economic approaches to environmental protection and their subsequent analysis. Among the current schools of thought include environmental economics, ecological economics and free market environmentalism as a defense of private property in terms of environmental protection. The positive and negative impacts of these schools and approaches are defined and the recommendations for practical situations are found. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question including reasoning what is more efficient solution from economic point of view: governmental private rights and enforceability support or better arguing that private ownership is the main reason of the problem of endangered species and therefore more extensive administrative intervention is required. The practical part mainly uncovers the imperfect functioning of the protection system demonstrated on specific cases.
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REFORM OF HEALTH SERVICE
Hanáčková, Michaela ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
In doing my thesis, I wanted to compare the medical health care systems of the United States and the Czech Republic. I did the analysis for these two countries because their medical systems are quite different. United States applies a form of medical health that is based on the principle of free choice and competition in the market where as the Czech social system uses compulsory insurance for every citizen. My goal was to clarify which system is the more efficient method for quality health care. In the theoretical part, we are dealing with specifics of the health care market and I outline aspects of the methods used to combat moral hazard. The analytical part consists of a framework to clarify the differences in the systems, evaluate their positive and negative aspects and how each system impacts the individual residents of each country. In the final part of this work I will try to propose a solution that would improve the situation of medical health care in the Czech Republic and the United States of America.
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Discrimination and Unintended Consequences
Švaňa, Ivan ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Koblovský, Petr (referee)
The thesis is divided in two parts. The first, theoretical part familiarizes the reader with the term "discrimination" in economical theory from past until present and helps to understand the nature of economical problem of discrimination. Consequently, its modern forms, the efforts of governments to solve this problem by including the anti-discrimination precautions into the law and present state of discrimination at labour market in Czech Republic are described. The second, practical - analytic part, is dedicated to analysis of unintended consequences of anti-discrimination precautions, the analysis of state interventions economy in given area, possible question of moral hazard, and oddities of mature anti-discrimination policies of Germany or USA. Based on these analyses, the conclusion is dedicated to my approach to discrimination at labour market and to own ideas how to understand and solve given problem.
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