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The topics of ethicin professional nurse behaviour in the care of psychiatric patients
Tošnarová, Hana ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Tóthová, Valerie (referee) ; Soukupová, Tereza (referee)
5 Hana Tošnarová The topics of ethicin professional nurse behaviour in the care of psychiatric patients Abstract Presented dissertation theses are dedicated to the ethic aspects of the professional behaviour of nurses in their care of the mental patients. In the theroretical part are described thesis connected with the profession of psychiatric nurses, with the psychiatry as a medial branch, legislation in the psychiatry and with the questions of ethics in the connection of nursing. The practical part, that describes the qualitative research, is divided into two subsections and observing. The phenomenal study went through in the Mental home of Bohnice (Prague) and the output was the determination of defined notion "professional behaviour of a nurse in the care of mental patients in the scope of ethics". The second part of the observation was targeted on the access of the nurses to the mental patients in the special handpicked working places of the somatic medicine in Prague. The output of this research is a description of the behaviour style of nurses in the somatic working places in an interaction with mental patients. Keywords: ethics in nursery, ethics in psychiatry, ethics in medicíně, professional behaviour of a nurse, nursing, medical law
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Ethical Aspects of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care
Lukasová, Marie ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivanová, Kateřina (referee) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee)
M. Lukasová: Ethical Aspect of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care Abstract In the course of providing social and health care, the providers on occasions resort to measures which limit the person's freedom of movement with the aim to prevent a harm to their life or health. Depending on the circumstances it involves a more or less invasive intervention - sometimes it is immediate and includes use of force in the situation of conflict and aggression management, other times it is rather a long-term nursing practice, for instance focused on fall prevention. Restraining is connected with the risk of considerably negative effects on health of a patient/service user. Therefore some authors doubt whether the use of restrictive intervention is ethical and lawful, and it is seen as inhuman and degrading treatment. Nevertheless, the most widespread approach accepts restrictive interventions as a measure of last resort (ultima ratio) providing that the principles of necessity and subsidiarity are respected. In the Czech Republic the public and professional debate is not sufficient and the use of restrictive interventions is not subjected to the state inspection. The human rights monitoring of persons held in health and social care institutions reports cases of restrictions...
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Ethics of travel: Ethical aspects of the adventurous journeys of exceptional Czech travelers - explorers among the Indians of South America
Triantafyllakis, Spyridon ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of traveling from an ethical point of view. The analysis focuses mainly on the ethical aspects of individual travels of European travelers with regards to cultural contact with different people and also taking into consideration the European tradition of travel. Based on this analysis, an ethical framework is proposed as a tool of interpretation of selected texts that reflect the travel adventures of exceptional Czech travelers, such as A. V. Frič, J. Hanzelka and M. Zikmund, M. Zelený among the Indians of South America. The above mentioned Czech travelers described their travel experiences in the form of ethnographic travelogues and other texts. The aim of this study was, by analysing certain parts of selected ethnographic texts of these Czech travelers - explores, to reveal their individual ethical reflections of the experienced adventures and to interpret it. I have attempted to describe each studied Czech traveler's specific ethical approach to "otherness" in the extreme conditions of their adventures among the Indians of South America. Keywords: Ethics of travel, traveling - ethical aspects, traveling - intercultural contact, A. V. Frič, J. Hanzelka and M. Zikmund, M. Zelený, travel adventures among Indians.
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Ethical issues of care for the dying in a hospital
Váňová, Věra ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Heřmanová, Jana (referee) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee)
V disertační práci se věnuji etickým problémům, se kterými se setkávají zdravotníci při péči o umírající nemocné. první kapitole přibližuji problematiku péče o umírající pacienty, předkládám pohled do historie péče o umírající a zaměřuji se na klíčová kriteria při péči o umírající, kterými jsou potřeby nemocných. druhé kapitole popisuji metodologickou část kvalitativního výzkumu, kterého se zúčastnilo 15 sester ze standardních oddělení, jednotky intenzivní péče a anesteziologicko resuscitačního oddělení Nemocnice Na Bulovce. Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo, prostřednictvím rozhovorů se sestrami, vyhledat a popsat etické problémy, se kterými se setkávají sestry při péči o umírající kontextu tří různých prostředí a v konkrétních situací Ve třetí kapitole uvádím komentované výsledky rozhovorů, ze kterých vyplynulo, že se sestry zamýšlejí nad ochranou lidského života v jeho kvalitou, dystanázií, marnou léčbou, rozdílem mezi ponecháním pacienta zemřít a eutanázií, autonomií, lidskou důstojností a poskytováním paliativní péče. Jednotlivé podkapitoly se skládají z teoretického zarámování a jsou doplněny o výpovědi respondentek výzkumného šetření a rozšířeny o můj komentář. Hlavním zjištěním je, že dotazované sestry trpí tzv. morálním distresem, který ovšem prezentují především v sérii konkrétních výhrad...
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Information and education of senior patients in the frame of helth care.
Povolná, Pavla ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vácha, Marek (referee)
Information and education of senior patients in the frame of health care. This thesis focuses on informations providing by health care professionals to the seniors age patients/clients. I describe the contemporary situation in this field in the Czech republic, and define main attributes and conditions according to the historical, social, cultural and moral context in the theoretical part of thesis. I introduce the transmission and the acceptation of the information during the dialogue between a layperson and an expert in two basic levels: level of rules, especially an Inform consent, and level of an ethical discourse. I compare an atmosphere created by law and rules with human reactions, either as medical professionals, or as a patient. For the empirical section of the thesis, I describe and evaluate experiences of patients with information-giving by health care professionals. I have chosen qualitative method for the main body of my empirical research, which consists of semi-structured interviews with 20 patients. The collected data were cathegorised, analysed and then quantified and prepared for interpretation. The thesis includes not only the results of my research, but also examples of encounters with patients during my day-to-day nursing practice. Because the main goal of my thesis was to find...
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Ethical issues in connection with patient and physician involvement in clinical research
Norková, Olga ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jedličková, Anetta (referee)
(in English): The subject of my dissertation is the decision of the subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. The aim of this disseration is to detect and understand the ethical aspects of decision making of subjects with oncological diseases to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. In the theoretical part of my dissertation, I define the field of clinical research, describe the phases of clinical research and ethical codes important for clinical research. The current ethical dilemmas related to the participation of subjects in the early phase of clinical trial, which are being discussed by the professional public, are presented. The research part contains the results of interviews with seventeen respondents whose content correlates with the aim of the research part and it is to understand the decision- making of subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial in terms of subjectively constructed realities, which are different for individual respondents. The results of the research show that fourteen respondents identified one of the most important aspects of the decision-making to participate in the early phase of clinical trial of the recommendation of principal investigator and trust in a physician. Twelve respondents stated the most frequent reason...
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Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers
Černý, Jiří ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Vurm, Vladimír (referee)
Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers ABSTRACT A sharp increase of number of the codes of ethics in all fields of human activity is the trend of current ethical education. The dissertation is oriented (focuses) on the question of the necessity or the suitability of codes of ethics for ambulance services (Emergency Ambulance Services and Non- emergency patient transport services). The introductory theoretical part defines the range of medical transport professions that are the subjects of research. There are introduce the theoretical bases of healthcare professions. The historical part of the dissertation is focused on the development of a medical transport with an emphasis on ethical principles in the work of emegency and nonemergency ambulance services. The theory that the direct precursors of code of ethics can be promises, oaths, orders, statutes, instructions, recommendations and similar written or unwritten documents containing ethical principles that include challenges to help others and the demands of collegiallity, respect, honesty or virtuous life was confirmed. In the work is also mentions some ethical problems and dilemmas in the work in the ambulance services. The content of the practical part of dissertation is research study on the question of...
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Aid to the Distant Ethics in Foreign Aid
Princová, Květoslava ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Prudký, Libor (referee) ; Tomeš, Igor (referee)
AID TO THE DISTANT Ethics in Foreign Aid Květoslava Princová Abstract Humanitarian aid and development assistance (foreign aid) are generally considered to be positive actions which help to save people affected by disaster, striving or suffering by diseases. It is done by satisfying basic needs with the help of food, water, sanitation, health care, or in long-term perspective by education, reconstruction of houses, prevention, protection and development projects. Foreign aid happens in very specific environment: after disasters, in conflict situations, in the midst of epidemics, extreme poverty, drought and floods. It is mainly provided by people who come from quite different environment and culture, from "the wealthy world". The humanitarian and development workers are just links in the "aid chain" which is quite long and starts with big donors and public subscribers, as well as governments. Due to the cultural differences, distance and many "chain links" the aid causes not always good but sometimes it does not work or does even harm to the intended recipients. The goal of this work was to identify possible risks of damages, which threatens the help to recipients. Speaking about damages, threats and risks it is necessary to come out from that cultural and value context, which is expressed in international...
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Clinical research etics informed consent in clinical trial
Peterová, Marie ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee)
For several decades Clinical trials are a "back-bone" of new drug development. Even if Ethical codices and following legislation have been actualized many times professionals are still critical to it. There is no better way than to respect valid legislation. I am interested if valid legislation that applies to informed consent of the subject participating in the clinical trial is being followed in common practice. Methodology of World Health Organization which is called Rapid Assessment and Response was applied. It has been shown by this research that deviations from the law of informed consent process are numerous. Deviations from the law of informed consent process were found in case of investigators with very rich clinical trial experience. It has been shown that errors and oversights of Investigators are not only factual nature but also ethical nature. Ethical aspects of Investigator's errors and oversights are very often overshadowed. That is why the effort was made to detailed detection of these ethical aspects in the context of informed consent. Due to the importance of informed consent process and on the basis of this research sponsors and regulatory authorities should ensure improvement of current situation. It is important to monitor current situation by organizing of similar research to...
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Respect for human rights of mentally ill. Ethical aspects of involuntary hospitalization.
Petr, Tomáš ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Bankovská Motlová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the issue of involuntary hospitalization in the field of psychiatry. Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is accompanied by a wide range of ethical issues and practical problems. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the involuntary hospitalization from several different points of view. I pay attention to international conventions and documents relating to the issue, reveal the historical roots of involuntary hospitalization, compare the situation in different European countries and mention some important judicial decisions concerning the involuntary admission of a person. Using a comprehensive approach I map all the important aspects of this sensitive area in health care provision. In the research part, using both - the quantitative and the qualitative approach, I offer a more detailed look at two selected aspects surrounding the involuntary hospitalization. The first part of the research is focused on the subjective experiences of involuntarily admitted patients. 88 patients participated in the research. These patients described their perception of coercion, the possibility or impossibility of influencing decisions about hospitalization and subsequent treatment, the level of autonomy and emotional experience. The second part of the research is aimed at...
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