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Grafenový fotodetektor využívající plazmonických efektů
Horáček, Matěj ; Hájková,, Zdenka (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Tato práce se zabývá vývojem nového hybridního zařízení pro fotodetekci, jehož princip se opírá o dvě velmi významné a aktuální oblasti současného vědeckého výzkumu – grafen a plazmonika. Vlastní odezva grafenu na dopadající světelné záření je v tomto zařízení značně zvýšena umístěním zlatých nanotyčinek na povrch grafenu, vykazujících jedinečnou optickou odezvu danou lokalizovanými povrchovými plazmony. Tato zvýšená fotoelektrická reakce je způsobena redistribucí energie oscilujících elektronů v nanočástici do grafenové vrstvy. Konkrétní mechanismus redistribuce energie je studován pomocí rozptylové spektroskopie jednotlivých částic, kde je zkoumán vliv počtu grafenových vrstev pod nanočásticí na rozšíření rezonančního píku. Mimořádně velké rozšíření rezonančního píku pro částice položené na grafen naznačuje přítomnost nebývalého procesu tlumení plazmonické rezonance. Toto neobvyklé tlumení je připsáno přenosu horkých elektronů ze zlaté nanotyčinky do grafenové vrstvy.
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Ostwald ripening – theoretical description and simulation.
Čechal, Tomáš ; Šikola, Tomáš (oponent) ; Čechal, Jan (vedoucí práce)
This thesis deals with Ostwald ripening of three-dimensional clusters deposited on a two-dimensional surface. In the first chapter two distinct theories of Ostwald ripening are presented: the mean-field LSW theory and a many-body theory based on the solution of the diffusion equation in quasistationary approximation. In second chapter the algorithm used for numerical solution of the equations obtained from the many-body theory is described. The results extracted from the numerical solution are compared with predictions of the LSW model in the third chapter. We found that the standard LSW theory of systems with two-dimensional mass transport should not be used in practice because its predictions are in strong disagreement with the results obtained both from the more elaborate diffusion-equation model and from experimental studies described in references. On the other hand, the diffusion equation based model gives results consistent with other theories and experiments.
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Vývoj lineárního posuvu pro UHV STM/AFM
Pavelec, Jiří ; Jiruše, Jaroslav (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Diplomová práce popisuje vývoj lineárního posuvu. Vývoj směřuje přes jednodušší prototypy až k aplikaci více lineárních posuvů jako tříosého manipulátoru vzorku v rastrovacím tunelovacím mikroskopu / mikroskopu atomárních sil (STM/AFM) v prostředí velmi vysokého vakua (UHV). Jsou diskutována možná řešení odměřovacího systému a lineárního vedení. Je popsána konstrukce a použití homodyního interferometru při optimalizaci vyvíjených lineárních posuvů, které využívají piezokeramických hybných členů. Model optického pravítka s mřížkou je propočten s využítím poznatků teorie skalární difrakce.
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Electron microscopy and spectroscopy in plasmonics
Horák, Michal ; Krenn, Joachim (oponent) ; Shegai, Timur (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
This thesis deals with electron and ion beam techniques for fabrication and characterization of plasmonic nanostructures. Analytical electron microscopy focusing on applications in the field of plasmonics is discussed. The emphasis is given to electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cathodoluminescence. Further, fabrication of plasmonic samples for transmission electron microscopy is introduced while the aim is put at focused ion beam lithography and at sample preparation using chemically synthesized particles in water solution. The main research results are divided into four parts. The first part covers a comparative study of plasmonic antennas fabricated by electron beam and focused ion beam lithography. While both techniques are suitable for the fabrication of plasmonic antennas, electron beam lithography shall be prioritized over focused ion beam lithography due to better quality of the resulting antennas and considerably stronger plasmonic response in EELS. Antennas fabricated by focused ion beam lithography have slightly dull edges, exhibit pronounced thickness fluctuation, and they are also strongly contaminated not only by organic contaminants, but also by residues of FIB milling including implanted milling ions and atoms of a titanium adhesion layer. In the second part, Babinet's principle of complementarity for plasmonic nanostructures is investigated on a set of gold disc-shaped antennas and complementary apertures in a gold layer with various diameters. The complementarity is confirmed for fundamental plasmon properties such as resonance energies, but differences rising from the limited validity of Babinet's principle are found, for example, for the spatial distribution of the near-field of plasmon polaritons. The third part summarizes a study of nanostructures with functional properties related to the local enhancement of electric and magnetic field. Bow-tie and diabolo plasmonic antennas, both in the form of particles and in the form of apertures, exhibit particularly strong local field enhancement. Our study identifies several modes of localized surface plasmons in these antennas and characterizes their properties including mode energy, near field electric and magnetic field distribution, and the qualitative distribution of charge nodes and current associated with electron gas oscillations. Next, we have studied mode energy tunability in near infrared and visible spectral regions and focused on Babinet's complementarity between direct and inverted antennas. The last part is focused on silver amalgam, which is a novel and very prospective plasmonic material. By changing the size of silver amalgam nanostructures their plasmon resonance can be tuned from ultraviolet through the whole visible to infrared region. As silver amalgam is well investigated in the field of electrochemistry, silver amalgam nanoparticles opens a possibility to combine plasmonics and electrochemistry together.
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Deposition and analysis of DLC thin films
Rudolf, Miroslav ; Čech, Vladimír (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Diploma thesis outlines the problems during preparation and analysis of DLC:H thin films. Many scientists have been interested in these films already for several decades. In the present time, many techniques exist for their preparation and analysis. The preparation of DLC has a significant influence on their characteristics and applications. There are many criteria how to examine the films. In this thesis, the DLC:H layers prepared on the crystalline silicon by the RF-PECVD method are discussed. Subsequently, the mechanical, tribological and optical properties have been investigated. The techniques as XPS, Raman spectroscopy, reflectometry, hardness and adhesion measurements have been employed. A part of the thesis deals with the modelling of DLC and DLC:H films from the first principles. The first-principle simulation software Abinit is used for this purpose. Abinit has been distributed under the GPL. The way of selection of input parameters has been studied with respect to the convergence of the results. Attention has been paid to computing the vibrational spectra in the middle of the Brillouin zone and the overall density of electronic states of DLC cluster in a cubic supercell. These data can be compared with results experimentally obtained from Raman spectroscopy and XPS of the valence band, respectively.
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Advanced plasmonic materials for metasurfaces and photochemistry
Ligmajer, Filip ; Vala,, Milan (oponent) ; Bauch, Martin (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Plasmonics – the scientific discipline dealing with interaction between light and metallic materials – when coupled with nanotechnology, offers unprecedented possibilities for light control and utilization. The outcome of this combination can be, for example, focusing of light below the diffraction limit, enhancement of emission or absorption of quantum emitters, or extremely sensitive detection of molecules. This thesis deals with possibilities how to utilize plasmonics for flat optical components, so-called metasurfaces, and for photocatalytic applications based on plasmonically generated electrons with high energy, so-called hot electrons. First, the fundamentals of plasmonics are explained and an overview of its most notable applications is provided. Then, three studies are presented, which cover the use of plasmonic nanostructures for the control of light polarization and phase, for creation of dynamically tunable metasurfaces, and for photo-electrochemistry with hot electrons. The common principle of these studies is the use of advanced – or within these fields uncommon – materials, like, for example, vanadium dioxide or transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Study of Thin-Film Surfaces
Trivedi, Rutul Rajendra ; Fejfar, Antonín (oponent) ; Klapetek, Petr (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (oponent) ; Čech, Vladimír (vedoucí práce)
doctoral thesis deals with the study of surface properties of single-layer and multilayer thin films deposited from of vinyltriethoxysilane and tetravinylsilane monomers. It also deals with adhesion characterization of single layer tetravinylsilane films. The plasma polymerized thin films were prepared under steady-state deposition conditions on polished silicon wafers using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The surface properties of the films were been characterized by different scanning probe microscopy methods and nanoindentation techniques such as conventional depth-sensing nanoindentation and load-partial-unload (cyclic) nanoindentation. While, the nanoscratch test was used to characterize the film adhesion properties. Single layer films prepared at different deposition conditions were characterized with respect to surface morphology and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and hardness). The results of surface morphology, grain analysis, nanoindentation, finite elemental analysis and modulus mapping helped to know the hybrid nature of single layer films that were deposited at higher powers of RF-discharge. A novel approach was used in surface characterization of multilayer film by scanning probe microscopy and nanoindentation. The adhesion behavior of plasma polymer films of different mechanical properties and film thickness were analyzed by normal and lateral forces, friction coefficient, and scratch images obtained by atomic force microscopy.
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Měření rezonančních vlastností plazmonických nanostruktur v transmisním a reflexním režimu spektroskopie dalekých polí
Klement, Robert ; Brzobohatý, Oto (oponent) ; Šikola, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Optická spektroskopie v dalekém poli umožňuje měření lokalizovaných plazmonických rezonancí na kovových nanostrukturách různých tvarů a velikostí při jejich osvětlení spojitým světlem. Při použití mikroskopie v temném poli je možné naměřit rozptyl na lokalizovaném plazmonu excitovaném na jediné izolované nanostruktuře. Za účelem těchto měření byla sestavena aparatura založená na komerčním systému duálního mikroskopu Nanonics. Experimenty provedené v rámci této práce ukazují vysokou citlivost aparatury v jejím současném stavu, umožňující naměření plazmonické rezonance jediné nanočástice. Navržená vylepšení aparatury by měla v blízké budoucnosti vést ještě k větší citlivosti a přesnosti měření.
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