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Stereotypes in perception towards women on the basis of their body size
Matějková, Erika ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Pařízková, Jana (referee)
This work is directed at determining the stereotypes with which men, women of normal weight and obese women perceive other women on the basis of their figure. Specifically we looked at first impressions. Materials and Methods We surveyed 166 respondents from the Czech Republic. The first part of the survey included 10 questions about how men and women judge other women based on their body size and what attributes they give them. This was followed by 21 statements (descriptors) to be matched with photos of women of different body size who were felt to possess that characteristic. The last part of the survey contained projective questions about perceived and ideal figure. In addition there were enclosed photographs of five women of different body sizes. The women had their faces blurred to obtain a true projective testimony. Results Attributes ascribed to women Statistically significant differences in how women are perceived by men, women of normal weight and obese women include the following. Men assume that when a woman lets her body weight go to either extreme, she is the least intelligent. Men perceive thin women as being pliable while fuller figured women are viewed as being more self-confident and assertive. In contrast women of normal body weight perceive thinner women as cold. Obese women view thin...
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Psychological and social aspects of vegetarianism
Medřická, Jitka ; Fraňková, Slávka (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
The purpose of this dissertaion is to describe the phenomenon of vegetarianism, especially it's psychological and social context. The theoretical part of this piece of work is a kind of litereture search and exploration of facts in relation to vegetarianism. This topic has been researched from different point of view: anthropological, historical, theological and philosophical, dietetical, ontogenetic, demographic, social and psychological. The research among vegetarians has been conducted in the practical part of the dissertation. It was based on the original detailed questionnaire. This questionnaire was distributed using "snowball falling" method within vegetarian community, mostly in web-based and e-mail-based way. There was 324 vegetarians in the sample (63 per cent women and 37 per cent men) in various age, family status, religious orientation and so on. The groups of semi-vegetarians, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, vegans, vitarians and macrobiotics have been included. The differences between these groups and also between men and women in the sample have been examined as well. It has been shown that the ethical motivation was the most important for the majority of vegetarians. It could be also seen in their attitude towards some other controversial topics connected to animal rights. Deeper...
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Perceptual and subjective component of body image in preschool girls
Chudobová, Petra ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Sociokulturní ideál krásy je přejímán již v předškolním věku (Feldman et al., 1988, Flannery - Schroeder a Chrisler, 1996). Předškolní děti se od svých rodiču! sourozencu, vrstevníku a z médií učí, že štíhlost je vysoce oceňována a být "tlustý" je špatné. Jsou ovlivněny televizí, dětskými časopisy i hračkami typu panenky Barbie. Cílem této práce bylo zjistit, jak je body image formován u dívek předškolního věku 1 zda lze tyto zněny detekovat metodou, adekvátní chápání předškolních dívek. Dále jsem chtěla zmapovat, co soudí předškolní dívky o svých proporcích, jaké proporce považují za ideální, zda rozumí pojmu dieta! jak hodnotí zájmy štíhlé a silné figury, do jaké míry jsou schopny přesného odhadu vlastního těla a postavy matky, jaká je jejich představa o ideální budoucí postavě. Výsledky ukazují, že k významným kvalitativním změnám dochází mezi čtvrtým a pátým rokem života. Tříleté a některé čtyřleté dívky ještě nejsou schopny postihnout (nebo verbálně vyjádřit) rozdíly mezi odlišnými tělesnými rozměry. Pětileté a šestileté dívky dobře rozlišují tělesné rozměry, často používají negativní označení pro objemnější tělesné proporce. Šestileté a starší dívky mají již realistický body image. Většina z nich vyjadřuje averze a kritické připomínky vuči lidem s nadváhou. To muže znamenat, že začínají přijímat...
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Overweight and a concept of personal space borders (psychological aspects of overweight)
Filasová, Katarína ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
The study "Overweight and personal space borders (psychological aspects of overweight)" concerns the issue of overweight and obesity from the psychological point of view. The theoretical part deals with the general issue of overweight and obesity focusing on the personality of an obese person and tries to find a connection between overweight and a concept of borders of individual's space. The empirical part is focused on mapping the relationship between the body mass index and the ability to control individual's borders within a group of women, using a questionnaire as a tool of research.
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Effectivenes of cognitive-behavioural treatment applied in courses of weight reduction related to cognitive and behaviolal factors
Moravcová, Lucie ; Schneidrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Derflerová Brázdová, Zuzana (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (referee) ; Müllerová, Dana (referee)
The Czech Republic is from the early 90 years, reducing rates of overweight in CBT applications, which the company operates STOB Mgr. Iva Malkova. According to available information has not been done until now no research in these courses chartedabove the influence of selected cognitive factors on changes in body weight and also to monitor the change in energy intake (behavioral factor). The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between selected cognitive factors (self-efficacy - and with respect to the general dining behavior and physical activity, self-esteem, personal causal orientation restrictive way of eating behavior) and changes in body weight. At the same time the respondents will track changes in energy intakeduring therapy. The study is to verify the reliability of the Czech version of the WELquestionnaire (Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire), PSQ (Physical Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) and extended range of restrictive behaviors related to food, based on a questionnaire TFEQ (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire).
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Mealtime behaviour and food choice of children with autism spectrum disorders
Loviška, Milan ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
Presented study is oriented on identification of problems in mealtime behaviour and food choice of children with autism spectrum disorders. Presence of these problems and extent of food selectivity is compared with a control group of children without autism. Development and validisation of diagnostic tools, which measure these phenomenons is a part of the study. It was found that autistic children display much more problematic mealtime behaviour and refuse more food than children without autism.
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Comparative psychopathology of captive great apes: towards understanding psychological disturbances in captive orangutans
Odzganová Leskovská, Linda ; Špinka, Marek (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
The purpose of this paper is a qualitative insight into the problem of psychopathological phenomena in captive orangutans. The theoretical part deals with the elementary zoology of genus Pongo, and offers philosophical and ethical considerations of "animal kind", "captivity", "norm and psychopathology" as well as some methodological aspects of animal study. The aim of my empirical research design was to gather as much information as possible about the phenomena in question. This study is meant to provide preliminary ideas for further research and by no means aspires to cover the topic to the full. There are 5 zoos in Czech Republic and Slovakia that have orangutans, and I have visited 4 of them. Each group of orangutans was reported on by at least 2 people in direct contact with these animals (caretakers, veterinarians or curators). I have attempted to objectify my findings by individually interviewing 10 professionals, all of whom have provided their reports independently and confidentially. The caretakers reported on a total of 16 animals in their custody, out of which, there were 7 adult males, 5 adult females, 3 sub-adult males and 1 male infant. Of these, 8 were Sumatran orangutans, 6 Borneans and 2 crossbreeds. Three animals that entered the record were no longer present at the zoo by the time...
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Personality characteristics of obese adolescent girls (Projective tree test)
Dušková, Karolína ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
The objective of this dissertation was to examine the personality features of obese teenage girls suffering from obesity. First, we introduced the topic of obesity from the medical point of view; we outlined the connection of child and adult obesity and presented the eating disorders connected with obesity. We focused above all on obesity from the psychological point of view: on the causal factors and factors contributing to the sustentation of obesity as well as at the consequences of obesity. Within the frame of this paper, we gaye a thought also to the psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioural and family theories and studies of obesity. Then we touched the methodological problems connected with obesity research and the characteristics of projective methods, especially the Tree test. The Tree test was used to examine a sample of obese girls seeking help (N=53, mean age =14,3; mean BMI=32,O) and a sample ofnormal weight control group (N=55; mean age=14,O; mean BMI=18,5). The group of obese girls was also given a Personality questionnaire HPSQ. The obese girls differed from the control group in 13 simple characteristics and 6 combined characteristics of the Tree test. In the questionnaire they displayed lower crystalic intelligence, higher excitability, higher anxious uncertainty, higher conscientiousness and...
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Non-verbal communication in African great apes
Lindaur, Hugo ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
This thesis presents communication models crucial for creating research conceptions and unified terminology in the area of animal communication studies. The text reviews research types, methods and standards used for primate behavior research. The thesis also presents science disciplines that are concerned in great apes behavior research, its representatives and essential taxonomical, morphological, behavioral and ecological characteristics in African great apes. Text reviews contributions concerning cognitive abilities evolution, with emphasis on evolution of symbolic communication. The text further provides a listing of vocal and gestural communication in African great apes and focuses on facial expressions, its cognitive processing and interpretation. Next. the thesis reviews researches with encultured great apes focused on possibilities of inter-species communication and symbolic communication development.
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