|
|
Diskontinuity of urbanization process in post-war China - Urbanization policies of People's Republic of China in respect of reform changes in 1970's
Bolchová, Jitka ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Thesis deals with urbanization policies of People's Republic of China during period from the end of civil war in 1949 till nowadays. It focuses in particular on the impact of reforms in the 70s of the 20th century. During the rule of Mao Zedong before the Great Leap Forward, the urbanization process in China is present as a side effect of central policies, rather than as a result of targeted pro-urbanization policies. Period of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution on one hand are characterized by massive industrialization, on the other, however by suppression of any urbanization processes. Furthermore, there is a central government-controlled migration of population from cities to the countryside through the Hukou system. Following the reforms in the 70s of the 20th century China opens to the outside world. It leads to a radical change of direction towards a socialist market economy. The main changes include a focus on economic prosperity and de-ideologization policy, China has opened to the Western world. Soon the positive effects of urbanization on economic prosperity and growth emerges. Urbanization is from now on supported through various central polices. One of the mechanisms leading to massive urbanization and consequently to economic growth is the release of the informal labor...
|
|
|
U.S. Security Policy Towards Pakistan During the War on Terrorism 2001-2008
Krauzová, Tereza ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Ulík, Karel (referee)
President Bush declared a global war on terrorism in response to terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The United States were aware that gaining support from Pakistan was the key to success of the operation in Afghanistan. Pakistan, the only nuclear-armed Muslim power, sharing a long, strategically important border with Afghanistan, was ruled by a military dictator, General Parvez Musharraf. The U.S. canceled sanctions imposed on the country in 1990' and submitted to Musharraf a list of requirements, which he accepted. However, the renewed alliance between Washington and Islamabad was not trouble-free at all. The thesis explains the development and analyses causal connections of individual aspects of U.S.-Pakistani security cooperation in years 2001-2008. It seeks to find out what led Pakistan to the breaking of allied commitments, and why the U.S., aware of the ambivalence of Pakistani effort, followed the chosen line of policy towards Islamabad. Keywords: USA, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bush, War on Terror, Taliban, Musharraf
|
|
|
The Causes of Bill Clinton's Health Care Reform Failure
Sukopová, Hana ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis seeks to examine the causes of failure of health care reform which was debated in the United States of America during the 103rd Congress in 1993-1994. The reform was closely connected with president Bill Clinton and its main aim was to enact a universal health insurance. A universal health insurance has no tradition in the United States. The thesis begins with a brief summary of traditional American values that resulted in establishing a very different system of health care from the one common in most European countries. Following is a brief historical overview of the development of American health care from the 19th century till the end of the 1980s, which outlines the problems leading to the need of the reform. Subsequently, the process of reform preparation and Congress debate are examined and the most important and controversial modifications of the system are unveiled. In the following chapter, reasons for the failure of the reform proposal are analysed. Those reasons are divided on the basis of their matter into two parts. A viewpoint of the GOP, the most important counter-proposals of members of Congress, opinion reversal of the public, employers' and interest groups' objections are described in the first part. Errors committed by the Clinton's administration during...
|
|
|
The Development of U.S. Foreign Policy toward China between 2001 and 2011 and the Strategic Standing of the U.S. and China in Asia
Nejedlá, Anna ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
The theme of this Bachelor thesis is the American China policy between the years of 2001 and 2011 and the strategic position of the U.S. and China in Asia. Development of international relations during this era is very important for both states and also for the world because the emerging powers, including the PRC, have the potential to change the current worl order. The main objective of this thesis is to compare American China policy during the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama and determine whether China poses a threat to the U.S. The first chapter attempts to assess whether the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent war against terrorism were an important watershed in U.S.-China relations since these attacks significantly affected the overall foreign policy of Washington. The second chapter describes Bush and Obama policies towards China within the framework of the U.S. foreign policy concepts of "candid, constructive, and cooperative relationship," "responsible stakeholder," "the Group of Two" (never became an official U.S. policy), and "strategic reassurance." The third chapter examines the main features of Chinese foreign policy, particularly on the basis of historical experience, the Confucian tradition, and foreign policy concepts of "multipolarity," "peaceful...
|
|
|
Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus
Šrámek, Petr ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The objective of my master's thesis, "Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus" is to consider two models of economic development, the Washington Consensus and the Beijing consensus. In the first part, I analyze the discourse that evolves around these two concepts, and I also consolidate the definitions of these terms. Washington Consensus was a set of specific rules for macroeconomic policy of the state. As a result of the ending Cold War, the discrediting of alternative models of economic development and direct link of this model to the financial support from international financial institutions, the popularity of the Washington consensus in the 1990s soared. The democratization of the country was perceived as another unwritten rule. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as other crises in developing countries which actively engaged the World Bank and IMF, the term has been largely discredited. It was associated with concepts like 'shock therapy', 'neoliberalism' or 'market fundamentalism'. Meanwhile, the long-term economic growth of China drew the attention of developing countries. In connection with the declining popularity of the Washington Consensus and the global economic crisis, the demand for alternative development policies increased. The...
|
|
|
Campaign Finance in the U.S. : McCain-Feingold Reform
Vydra, Pavel ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The United States has a long history of political campaigns. The Bipartizan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, also known as McCain-Feingold, was the last attempt to regulate the campaign finance. Being enacted in order to cover the loopholes that occurred in the Federal Election Campaign Act, this act banned the "soft money", it modified the rules for the pre- electional broadcasting, and it brought special restrictions for self-financing candidates. These changes succeeded to be enacted by both chambers of Congress, were signed by the President and upheld by the Supreme Court in the McConnell v. FEC landmark decision. However, the impact of the reform didn't quite meet the expectations of its supporters.
|
|
|
Sources of Conflicts Between African-Americans and Koreans living in the USA in the 1980s and 1990s
Fejerová, Eva ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to examine the causes behind conflicts between two American ethnic minority groups - African Americans and Korean Americans. Problems between the members of these two groups were observed in all America's large cities in the 1980s and 1990s. The thesis begins with a short overview of the characteristics of the conflicts between the two groups. Subsequently, the media constructions and explanations of the conflicts are presented and discussed. The analytical part seeks to examine various approaches to explaining the tensions between African Americans and Koreans. It begins with examination of the common daily experiences of the two groups in Korean American stores in African American neighbourhoods that unveils the basic aspects of problematic co-existence between them. Next, the thesis examines the psychological process of negative stereotyping, the Middlemen minority theory (a socio-structural and economic theory), and the ideological, political and entrepreneurial motivations of the leaders of the anti-Korean protests to explain the likely causes of the tensions between Koreans and African Americans. The thesis concludes that the tensions between the groups were primarily caused by negative stereotypes of the other ethnicity, economic tensions between the different status...
|
|
| |
|
|
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson: Two Perceptions of the Character of the USA
Jáč, Marek ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Raková, Svatava (referee)
Abstract Bachelor thesis "John Adams a Thomas Jefferson: Two Perceptions of the Character of the USA" deals with two American presidents who stood by the foundation of United States of the America. In terms of time and topic definition, the thesis is devoted to the Founding Era of the USA. The goal of this work was to compare political persons of the second and the third American president. Working method was base on the comparison both persons according to the three criteria - political thoughts on the form and the character of the government, political performance during their presidency and the personal characteristics of both presidents. In the thesis are used as the primary sources so the secondary ones. This bachelor thesis is divided into four parts. Firs chapter deals with the political biographies of both statesmen and their relationship as well. Second and third chapter analyze the Adams' and Jefferson's texts in which they expressed their political ideas about the character of the government in early USA. Last part of the work is devoted to the comparison of their political conceptions and also to the comparison of their political acts during their presidency. The conclusion of the work is that we can find a shift of the John Adams' conception from the beginning of the American Revolution,...
|
|
|
Ronald Reagan and the Rise of the New Christian Right
Bärtl, Štěpán ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Ronald Reagan and the Rise of the New Christian Right" deals with the role of religion in American politics during Ronald Reagan's presidency in the 1980s. The emergence of the religious right movement is explained as a response to the social and cultural upheavals of the 1960s and the 1970s and as part of the so-called Culture War. The New Christian Right used political lobbying in an attempt to promote conservative values in various social issues. By analyzing primary sources and secondary literature, the author seeks to explain to what extent the movement was successful in implementing their program into actual policy. Furthermore, the thesis attempts to answer the question, whether Ronald Reagan was a president of the Christian Right. The thesis is divided into two sections. The first part deals with the main issues in American society after the Second World War and explains the reasons that led conservative Christians to become politically active. It goes on to explain the ideology behind the New Christian Right movement, the ways in which it tried to achieve its goals, and its most prominent organizations and members. The second part of the thesis deals with the 40th president and his relationship with the New Christian Right. Based on an analysis of Reagan's approach...
|
guest ::
