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Myth in American Advertising after 1945
Linhart, Marek ; Procházka, Martin (advisor) ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (referee)
This thesis is designed as a comprehensive analysis of the advertising discourse within some pre-set constrains. Specifically, the main area of interest is the realm of American print advertising after 1945. Within these limits, advertising is understood as a mode of language, the chief semantic unit of which is a form of Barthesian myth, a superstructure divorced from reality that supersedes de Saussure's semiotics of the sign. The bulk of this thesis is then a diachronic analysis of the development of these myths and their role as both mirrors and catalysts of a whole range of stereotypes, value hierarchies or fixed ideas firmly embedded within American collective consciousness. The primary materials for this analysis are then various specimen of the advertisements themselves, carefully selected because of their representativeness, influence or significance within the advertising realm. The main theoretical framework rests on Marx's understanding of the commodity as a certain type of fetish, Barthes's description of the structure and social function of the myth, Baudrillard's and Debord's theories on such notions as the society of spectacle, the reign of simulacra and hyperreality, Benjamin's understanding of the uniqueness of representation and its aura and finally McLuhan's detailed accounts of...
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Reducing Automata and Syntactic Errors
Procházka, Martin
This thesis deals with reducing automata, their normalization, and their application for a (robust) reduction analysis and localization of syntactic errors for deterministic context-free languages (DCFL). A reducing automaton is similar to a restarting automaton with two subtle differences: an explicit marking of reduced symbols (which makes it possible to determine a position of an error accurately), and moving a lookahead window inside a control unit (which brings reducing automata closer to devices of classical automata and formal language theory). In case of reducing automata, it is easier to adopt and reuse notions and approaches developed within classical theory, e.g., prefix correctness or automata minimization. For any nonempty deterministic context-free language specified by a monotone reducing automaton, both prefix correct and minimal, we propose a method of robust analysis by reduction which ensures localization of formally defined types of (real) errors, correct subwords, and subwords causing reduction conflicts (i.e., subwords with ambiguous syntactic structure that can be reduced in different words in different ways). We implement the proposed method by a new type of device (called postprefix robust analyzer) and we briefly show how to implement this method by a deterministic pushdown...
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Levels of umbilical cord blood pathogen pattern receptors and proinflammatory molecules - the relation to histological chorioamnionitis
Mitášová, Eva ; Andrýs, Ctirad (advisor) ; Procházka, Martin (referee) ; Ulčová-Gallová, Zdeňka (referee)
The umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents the earliest haematological sample of the fetus/neonate without invasive intervention or any risk for mother and her child during sampling. From the UCB we are able to determine a lot of information about the clinical status of newborn. The fetal response to preterm birth with IAI is characterised by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the UCB. Our aim was therefore to investigate the association of IAI and immunological parameters interleukin IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble form of Toll-like receptor 2 (sTLR2) and soluble form of scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163). The strengths of our study include quantification of sTLR2, sCD163, PTX3 and MMP-8 in UCB and their relationship to IAI that has never been examined. There was a significant increase in inflammatory markers IL-6 and sCD163 in UCB in infants exposed to preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) compared to those without intraamniotic inflammation (IAI). There was significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, MMP-8 and sCD163 levels in those with and without funisitis in women with PPROM. However, no significant differences were observed between levels of sTLR2 and PTX3 in UCB in subjects with and...
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The comparison of the conditions for teaching Educational area of Man and Health in primary and secondary schools
Procházka, Martin ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Tilinger, Pavel (referee)
Title: The comparison of the conditions for teaching Educational area of Man and Health in primary and secondary schools Objectives: Research whether schools have such conditions for teaching Educational area of Man and Health in order to achieve the objectives of framework educational programs. Research basic information about the structure of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools and on the structure of PE teachers in Prague and Pilsen region. Research the different conditions of teaching Educational area of Man and Health in primary and secondary schools in Prague and Pilsen Region. Propose appropriate solutions to improve the situation. Methods: We used for comparison of results of non-standardized questionnaire containing mainly closed types of questions. The questionnaire survey was for PE teachers in elementary and secondary schools. The surveyed regions were Pilsen Region and Prague. Results: We found that overall conditions in schools meet the standards of basic curricula. Overall conditions prevent attainment of the objectives and tasks set out in the basic curricula. Conditions for physical education are demonstrably better at primary schools than at secondary schools. Higher educated teachers are located at secondary schools and in Prague Region. Keywords: primary school,...
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The role of neuroactive steroids in pregnancy and their importance in prenatal diagnosticsSteroidogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and mechanisms leading to the start of labor
Pašková, Andrea ; Pařízek, Antonín (advisor) ; Procházka, Martin (referee) ; Tošner, Jindřich (referee)
Steroid hormones act through two mechanisms. The first is the classical genomic level, which acts at a relatively slow pace from hours to days. The second non-genomic mechanism of steroid activity can influence cellular function during seconds or even milliseconds. During pregnancy both mechanisms take place. Steroid hormones that act non-genomically and influence neuronal excitability are called neuroactive steroids. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of steroid hormones and examine their relationship to the physiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy. The physiological importance of increased placental progesterone production, lowered production of 5B-pregnanone steroids and increased activity of steroid sulfotransferase with gestational age have been intensely discussed. On the basis of our results, we have proposed an alternative mechanism of maternal progesterone synthesis during pregnancy (progesterone, or the gestagen stabilizing activity of the myometrium = continuation of pregnancy). In contrast to previous results our observations indicate that gestagens arise from precursors in the fetus (from pregnenolone sulfate). This mechanism is closely connected with the distribution of placental oxido-reductase. Data from this study show an increasing trend in the conversion of...
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Henry David Thoreau and His View of Slavery
Dvořáková, Irena ; Procházka, Martin (advisor) ; Robbins, David Lee (referee)
This BA thesis is concerned with Henry David Thoreau's opinions on slavery. The first part of the thesis focuses on the development of the abolitionist movement in the first half of the nineteenth century and of antislavery tendencies and organizations. The most important figures of the abolitionist movement, such as Benjamin Lundy, William Lloyd Garrison, Theodore Dwight Weld, David Walker or Frederick Douglass, as well as the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and the 1865 adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, are paid attention to. Thoreau's essays Civil Disobedience, Slavery in Massachusetts and A Plea for Captain John Brown are analyzed in the thesis. In his Civil Disobedience, the author criticizes the government for abusing, rather than protecting, American citizens, who have elected it and enabled its functioning. Thoreau scorns the government for supporting slavery and for waging the Mexican-American War. He believes that every man has an inalienable right to be free and since the government takes this right away from people, he responds to it with civil disobedience. One comes across Thoreau's critique of his fellow citizens and of their lack of interest in enslaved people in his Slavery in Massachusetts. The writer is disappointed with the fact that law,...
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Shakespearean Minorities: Myth, Prejudice and Transformation
Bielková, Andrea ; Procházka, Martin (advisor) ; Nováková, Soňa (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the portrayal of the minorities in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and Othello, the Moor of Venice. By means of close reading and the compare-and-contrast approach, the two main minority representatives - Shylock in The Merchant of Venice and Othello in Othello - are analysed from various perspectives. A special attention is paid to the comparison of the way they are presented to the audiences and the way they present themselves; how do they operate in the majority society and how their identities transform throughout the plays. The introductory chapter defines the key terms relevant for the thesis, the structure of the thesis and its main goals. Chapter 1 provides an insight into the perception of Jews and Moors in the European context from the Middle Ages up to the Early Modern period. Special attention is paid to the variety of popular stereotypes, prejudices and myths circulating in England and how are these reflected in the portrayal of the two minorities in the literature of the period. The main focus in Chapter 2 is on the analysis of the mutual relationship between the majority and the Other in the two plays, on the respects in which the Other is differentiated from and distanced by the majority and how these two groups coexist in the given context....
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Specification of the geothermic model in the environs of several selected boreholes
Čápová, Lucie ; Dědeček, Petr (advisor) ; Procházka, Martin (referee)
With the advances in research of the Hot Dry Rock environment and Enhanced Geothermal Systems, geothermal energy is soon going to compete with other unconventional energy resources in Europe where Germany and France are pushing the research ahead. In the Czech Republic, the geothermal exploration borehole drilled in Litoměřice in 2006 - 2007 provided information that contributed greatly to the understanding of geothermic conditions in the country. In addition to Litoměřice, two other areas have been recently subject to geothermal exploration: Semily and Liberec. These three areas have been studied in detail in this Master's thesis to assess their geothermal potential. Information on the geology of the selected areas was gathered from numerous scientific papers and reports and was compared with information from geological maps and boreholes. On the basis of this information, geological sections of the area of Litoměřice and Semily were compiled. Drill core samples from five boreholes from the geological units in the areas under investigation were collected and measured using the Lippmann & Rauen Thermal Conductivity Scanner. Thermal conductivity of geological units inferred in the basement but not intersected in the boreholes was estimated on the basis of values presented in literature. Finally,...
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World of Jáchym Topol's Characters
Procházka, Martin ; Kubíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mocná, Dagmar (referee)
The Precis from the bachelor thesis The World of Jáchym Topol s Characters In this bachelor thesis I directed my attention to three representative books of the writer Jáchym Topol, about which I think, that they apposite Topol s work in the best way. I analyzed these books directing my attention to building-up of the fictitious world and the characters, than to stylistic exposure a style of narration. Every analyzed book has one own charter. In the last chapter No. four I made a comparison on the grounds of analyzed books and tried to show their similitudes and diversities. I used S. Chatman s naratologic work and typologie of characters with their building-up and methods, which I became acquainted in class of introduction to the literary theory and interpretative seminaries.
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