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Nonverbal factors in psychotherapy of adolescents
Vraná, Klára ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with one of the areas of children's psychology - psychotherapy of adolescents. The study mainly focuses on different non-verbal moments, or factors, occurring at psychotherapeutic sessions held with adolescent patients, and it outlines the possibilities of application of these factors in the psychotherapeutic process. The objective of the thesis is to show that sometimes seemingly insignificant non-verbal moments may play an important role, especially in therapeutic work with adolescents, and therefore therapists should pay increased attention to these symptoms. This also applies in case that a patient was originally indicated a psychotherapy, the main medical treatment medium of which is predominately an interview (for example a family therapy). The thesis is based on one of the assumptions that in general non-verbal methods, in this case at least some of their elements, may work as facilitators of an interview, for example if the patient fails to express certain personal experience of his or her, his/her feeling or emotion with the help of words, or when a therapist fails to enter into verbal communication with the patient.
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Conduct disorders among adolescents in te context of socialization
Kajuková, Věra ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
This thesis is discussing conduct disorders among children and adolescents. The goal of this thesis is to map risk and dangerous factors and their influence in a context of socialization and look into its nature in relation to their acts of behavior. In order to preserve unity and coherence, this thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the first part, we present socialization, its phases, its means and its methods. Further, we concentrate on concrete elements of socialization, especially on family environment, school environment and peer groups. According to conduct behavior, we target the epidemiology and diagnostical criterions. We divide conduct disorders into conduct disorders with good prognosis and conduct disorders with bad prognosis and we describe these disorders. Then, we concentrate on a borad range of acting-out behaviors. We refer to both nonaggressive and aggressive behaviors. In following part, we mention etiology. We present risk factors, specifically biological, psychological and social risk factors. In conclusion of the theoretical part, we will talk about the prevention, the formative intervention and the therapy for children and adolescents engaged in conduct problems behaviors. The empirical part is based on four analysis, their content describes four different...
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Who am I? Specific features of Czech adolescents' identity
Nováková, Milena ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the question of identity in adolescence and is aimed to the specificity of adolescents' identity in the Czech Republic. Considering the fact that there is not given enough attention to the topic of identity, which results in many problems and ambiguity connected with this notion, the significant part of this work is dedicated to its theoretical clarification. The theoretical part concerns the problem of defining identity and provides us with the most frequently quoted theories of identity. It is followed by discussing developmental aspects of identity, particularly in adolescence, and the characteristics of contemporary Czech adolescents. The empirical part as a follow-up to the above mentioned part introduces the research of Czech adolescent's identity; it particularly investigates second and fourth grades students of a grammar school in Prague. The aim of this research is to describe the content of the respondents' self-defining and find out whether there are any differences in the self-defining (identity) between boys and girls and among the age-groups. The theoretical basis is the conception of identity by V. Bačová, who perceives identity as a complex of active self-defining processes on the intrapersonal, interpersonal and social levels. This research used and modified...
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Potentialities of adolescents' social skills development at secondary schools
Krejčová, Lenka ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
The dissertation thesis presents results of a several-year research project which focused on potential development of adolescents' social skills at secondary schools. The first chapters summarize various concepts, knowledge and theories connected with our topic. The emphasis is put on socialization in adolescence which is an ontogenetic aspect of maturation which points to the dissertation's main theme. The thesis also introduces social skills and emphasizes their necessary development at secondary schools in terms of complex sociocognitive development. Social skills are also tightly connected with academic success and their development also prevents risk behaviour. Social skills development is further considered in connection with teachers who belong among crucial sources of social support and development in adolescence. Another important social group at school environment involves peers who form school classes and affect each other in the course of the whole educational process. Finally, the social skills are introduced in connection with academic success, i.e. motivation toward school work, and academic efficacy. Both these characteristics of the educational process depend on social skills and simultaneously affect academic results. Last chapters of the theoretical part draw attention to different forms...
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Mealtime behaviour and food choice of children with autism spectrum disorders
Loviška, Milan ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Fraňková, Slávka (advisor)
Presented study is oriented on identification of problems in mealtime behaviour and food choice of children with autism spectrum disorders. Presence of these problems and extent of food selectivity is compared with a control group of children without autism. Development and validisation of diagnostic tools, which measure these phenomenons is a part of the study. It was found that autistic children display much more problematic mealtime behaviour and refuse more food than children without autism.
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Deliberate self-harm in adolescence within the context of family system
Řehulová, Alena ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
Main aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize mostly foreign findings concerning deliberate self-harm in adolescence with emphasis on family context. Theoretical part deals with definition, prevalence, functions, course, risk factors and possibilities of prevention and therapy of self-harm. There are also mentioned findings about family system and its possible influence on personality. The research question of empirical part is interested in traits of those families, where adolescent self-harm. Family context is shown both on case studies and on summary based on families of 20 adolescents. These results are in accordance with previous research and also suggest some new characteristics for next verification. Characteristics concerning discordant family relationships (both between parents and between one parent and adolescent) seem to be most important. Majority of respondents feel like their parents are not interested in them at all and are too critical. Almost half of them said that they tried to draw their attention by engaging in risk behavior (including self-harm). There was also high incidence of self-destructive behavior in parents of these adolescents.
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Psychological characteristics of adolescents educational environment
Lidická, Jana ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the psychological characteristics of the educational environment of adolescents. Within the frame of this work we consider the educational environment to be mainly the environment of school and family. This environment is considered to be the most important socialization agent and environment where youngsters spend most of their time during the teenage years. The theoretical part of the paper characterizes the period of adolescence, its bio-psychosocial transformation and its specifics in relation to the family and school environment. Further, we deal with the issue of educational and socialization processes and educational environment, with the emphasis on the specifics of the family and school environments. The school educational environment is created through the interaction between the teacher and the students. In the final chapter of the theoretical part we survey the diverse conceptions of assessing styles of educational action and results of previous research dealing with the same topic. The empirical part of the work aims to map the subjective perception of the educational environment of family and school in a sample of the current generation of adolescents. For this purpose we used subjective evaluation of the family educational environment and the environment created...
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Twice exceptional children in pedagogical and psychological practise
Smítková, Ivana ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
In the theoretical part of this thesis the aim is to map problems of gifted children focusing on the highly specific field of so called twice-exceptional children, i.e. gifted children with disabilities. Keeping in mind relative newness and poor familiarity it is essential to bring up the theme of the dual exceptionality in a wider context. Therefore the theoretical part begins with defining of related basic terms - intelligence, giftedness, talent and creativity. Chapters concerning phenomena of twice-exceptional children are inserted at the end of the theoretical part after general summarizing information about gifted children - their characteristics, development, identification, education and so on. These chapters which directly refer to studied group of gifted children round off the theoretical part and concurrently form some transition to an empirical part. The empirical part of the thesis comes out from pedagogical and psychological practice. Its object is to present concrete expressions, the link with development and influences of educational approach along the most significant subgroups of twice-exceptional children through selected casuistries. These data should be a practical replenishment and illustration of mapped psychological problems of gifted children that the theoretical part of the thesis...
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