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Condition of dorsoabdominal scent glands in adults of the true bugs from the taxon Pentatomomorpha (Heteroptera)
Křížková, Petra ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kment, Petr (referee)
Existence of larval dorsoabdominal scent glands (DAGs) together with occurence of adult metathoracic scent glands is one of the important autapomorphic characters of taxon Heteroptera within taxon Insecta. DAGs can persist until adults in some species of this taxon. The persistence of DAGs were proved also in members of infraorder Pentatomomorpha. Targets of this thesis are: collect the knowledge about persistent adult DAGs in selected representative members of important families of taxon Pentatomomorpha; study and compare the condition of the DAGs in the oldest larval instars and adults; clarify the significance of existence the openings of conducting ductules of proper glandular units in reservoir intima of DAGs in study of the persistence of these glands. For study were used stereomicroscope, light and scanning electron microscope. Key words: Pentatomomorpha, Heteroptera, dorsoabdominal scent glands, openings of conducting ductules of glandular units, larvae of 5th instar, persistence in adults, persistence patterns, light microscope, scanning electron microscope
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Maternal care in the burrowing bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) - an example of increase of progeny fitness in the insects
Kazda, Vojtěch ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Raška, Jan (referee)
This study is engaged in subsocial insect order of true bugs (Heteroptera) from the family Cydnidae, taxon Pentatomomorpha. True bugs of the family Cydnidae exhibit interesting parental behavior complex, which is composed of egg clutch and nymphs defense against predators, production of trophic eggs and food provisioning. This behavior could be an evidence of hypothesis that energetically demanding parental care is in the taxon Pentatomorpha an ancestral character which was replaced in the evolution by less expensive offspring protection strategies. The study also summarizes current knowledge of the parental care occurrence in the taxon Heteroptera. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Phylogeography and ecology of the Cimex species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) in Europe; the evolution of taxa and specialization of hosts
Balvín, Ondřej ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hypša, Václav (referee) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
The life strategies of parasites and evolutionary mechanisms forming their diversity are particularly various and become frequent objects of study. The Ph.D. thesis deals with one of the obligate ectoparasitic haematophagous groups of insects, the species of the genus Cimex (Heteroptera: Cimicidae). Unlike in most other ectoparasites, the strategy of cimicids consists of remaining hidden in the shelter of their host. They use the host body only to feed and disperse. The advantage of the lower competition with other ectoparasites is counterbalanced by the need for particularly stable blood source, for which the cimicids choose social hosts living in colonies. The most frequent and the original hosts of cimicids are bats. The host range of particular species of Cimicidae is often rather broad. The morphological analysis of the Cimex pipistrelli species group showed, however, differentiation according to host bat species. This suggests a need for adaptation to particular host species within the usual range. The differentiation was not found reflected in the mitochondrial DNA. It is thus possible that cimicids can exhibit phenotype plasticity. The host associated morphological variability likely caused as many as three species of C. pipistrelli group to be described from Europe, from which two were...
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Phylogeny of parasitic wasps of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies
Janšta, Petr ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee) ; Melika, George (referee)
The thesis is focused on phylogeny of the family Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and evolution of their life-strategies. The study consists of general introduction to the phylogeny and classification of the family Torymidae chapter, four published papers in international journals and one manuscript prepared for submission. Firstly, our aim was to figure out the phylogenetic position of Torymidae as well as the position of other chalcidoid families inside superfamily Chalcidoidea (paper I and II). The supermatrix of sequencies of two ribosomal genes (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) were developed for 649 species of chalcidoid taxa. However, family Torymidae was considered as polyphyletic group with the subfamily Megastigminae unrelated to the subfamily Toryminae (paper I). Monophyly of Torymidae was corroborated in another study (paper II) focused on molecular and morphological characters. We used a web-based, systematics workbench mx database for scoring 233 characters of 300 members of all chalcidoid families. Contrary to our previous only DNA-based study, we revealed also potential sister relationships of Torymidae with Ormyridae+Colotrechninae or Cerocephalinae+Diparinae respectively. Other paper (paper V) was focused on detailed study of Torymidae phylogeny. A total of 5 genes (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA,...
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Condition of the larval scent glands in adults of the Heteroptera infraorders
Křížková, Petra ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kment, Petr (referee)
The Heteroptera scent glands system is formed by larval dorso-abdominal glands (= DAGs) and adult metathoracic glands ( = MTGs). The present study deals with a summary about occurrence of DAGs which are functional not only in larval but also in adult bugs, either proved or very likely. The part of general characteristics includes information about morphology, histology and functions of DAGs. The systematic review of published cases of DAGs' persitence in the adult stage represents the main part of the study. Recapitulations about possible positions of adult persistent DAGs and the characters used to prove gland functionality conclude the study. Based on the list of persistent adult DAGs, it is evident that they can be functional more often than was supposed. The DAGs functionality within heteropteran adults seems to be relatively widespread phenomenon, particularly in regards to a life in terestrial environment.
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Comparative cytogenetics of bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Sadílek, David ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Ráb, Petr (referee)
Comparative cytogenetics of the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) The human bed bug Cimex lectularius has started enormous spreading to all developed countries of temperate climate zone during the last ten years. Bed bug was almost eradicated by a mass use of DDT in these areas until the 70's in the 20th century. This temporal haematophagous ectoparasite occupies particularly human dwellings and bat roosts. Cimex lectularius shows unusual combination of cytogenetic characteristics, general for all Heteroptera, however, not usual for other organisms. The chromosomes are holokinetic, with completely achiasmatic meiosis and inverted meiosis of the sex chromosomes. Especialy remarkable feature is intraspecific variation of the number of the X chromosomes. The variable number of chromosomes of 43 populations of Cimex lectularius from the Czech Republic and 27 populations from other European countries was studied in the present study. The 10 variants of karyotype were found out by using the "hotplate spreading" method and the standard Giemsa staining. There were male karyotypes with 2n = 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42 and 47 chromosomes and two females with peculiar odd number of sex chromosomes X, 2n = 33 and 43, not complementary with any male. A stable number of 2n = 26 autosomes...
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Nesting biology and ecology of selected sphecid wasps species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Crabronidae)
Srba, Miroslav ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
Aim of presented work is to characterize and compare nesting biology and ecological requirements of five species of solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Four species of family Sphecidae: Ammophila heydeni Dahlbom 1845, A. pubescens Curtis 1829, A. sabulosa (Linnaeus 1758), Sphex funerarius Gussakovskij 1934) and one representative of family Crabronidae (Bembix tarsata Latreile 1809) are treated here. Field observations were performed at spoil banks originated by coal mining by Most, Northwestern Bohemia. Obtained data bring exact parameters characterizing nesting habitats of studied species. Included are data on soil granulometry and penetrability, slope angle and vegetation cover. Significant difference between Ammophila species group and Bembix tarsata together with Shex funerarius was identified. Bembix tarsata and especially Sphex funerarius require softer soils and have broader valence in slope of nesting site sompared to Ammophila spp. Orientation of skew surface was almost south which has influence on microclimate of inhabited site microclimate. Biotic parameters such as cleptoparasite abundance were also tested. Three species of parasitic species Diptera: Sarcophagidae have been detected: Hilarella hilarella (Zettersedt, 1844), H. stictica (Meigen, 1824) a Metopia argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824)....
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Ontogeny of dorsoabdominal scent gland complex in the representatives of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera).
Kutalová, Kateřina ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kment, Petr (referee)
Dorso-abdominal scent glands (= DAGs) of larvae represent one of apomorphic characters of insects order Heteroptera. These glands can persist until adults in different taxa. The persistence of DAGs were proved in the members of the family Acanthosomatidae. The ontogenetic development of DAGs cuticular structures were studied in all stadia, from 1st larval instar to adults of acanthosomatid Elasmucha ferrugata (Fabricius, 1787). The study concerned external structures and sculptures associated with DAG ostiole and areas of their surfaces, as well as internal structures, shape of gland reservoir and number of conducting ductules of proper glandular units. The light microscope and stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope were used for this comprehensive study.
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Cytogenetics of bed bugs (Cimicidae) as a model representative of true bugs (Heteroptera)
Sadílek, David ; Johnson Pokorná, Martina (referee) ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor)
Cytogenetics of bed bugs (Cimicidae) as a model true bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera) The thesis provides current opinions about a phylogeny of bed bugs, family Cimicidae, and their classification within the order Heteroptera. There are briefly summarized cytological data about the order Heteroptera, known karyotypes of the cimicid subfamilies and introduction to cytogenetics of species Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758. Heteroptera species differ from other organisms by holokinetic chromosomes, a character, in which quite frequently take place chromosomal fragmentation and fusion. Several families posses smaller pair of m chromosomes, which behave during meiosis differently from the other chromosomes. Diploid chromosomal number is extremely variable, it ranges from four (family Belostomatidae) to 80 chromosomes (family Miridae). The behavior of chromosomes in the family Cimicidae is very specific. Sex-chromosomes univalents are connected by thread-like collochores and form so-called pseudobivalents during achiasmatic post-reductional meiosis. Rare polymorphism in a number of X chromosomes occurs in Cimex lectularius populations. The diploid karyotype always consists of 26 autosomal chromosomes and at least two but up to 15 X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. The number of X chromosomes can be variable...
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