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Leptosporangiate ferns from the Carboniferous basins of Bohemia, selected taxa
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis revises ten selected species of sphenopterid ferns of Carboniferous age deposited in the National Museum in Prague, the West-Bohemian Museum in Pilsen and the British Geological Survey in Keyworth, England. Sphenopterid ferns were studied based on reproductive organs aquired by maceration of coalified plant remains preserved as compressions. Sporangia and their annulus are important diagnostic features for individual genera and species of sphenopterid ferns and for selected species have not been described yet. Following species were studied: Boweria schatzlarensis, Myriotheca anglica, Renaultia crépini, Sturia amoena, Oligocarpia gutbiery, Zeilleria hymenophylloides, Zeilleria avoldensis, Discopteris sp. ("doubravensis"), Scolecopteris elegans a Waldenburgia corynepteroides. With the exception of Waldenburgia corynepteroides, Scolecopteris elegans, Zeilleria hymenophylloides and Zeilleria avoldensis species type material was studied. Maceration of sporangia of Boweria schatzlarensis showed presence of lateral annulus while in case of Myriotheca anglica the annulus is lateral or more likely of a special type, placed on both sides of the sporangia. Annulus type determination of Renaultia crépini also made possible to assign this species within the range of the genus Tenchovia and...
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Tar sands exploitation in the Alberta Province, Canada and its environmental impact
Šídová, Kateřina ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis provides an overview about the tar sands exploitation in the province of Alberta, Canada and environmental impacts related to their exploitation. Canadian's tar sands deposits represent the 3rd largest crude oil reserve in the world. The economically recoverable reserves were estimated to 168, 7 billion barrels. The introductory part of the thesis explains process of oil formation, including a theory about the tar sands deposits formation. The main part of the thesis describes four most significant tar sands deposits in the Alberta province which differ in physical-chemical properties of extracted crude oil (eg. specific gravity) but also in geology of their deposits. Differences in geological setting require individual approach to extraction of particular deposits. The most common exploitation methods are described. Among them, the surface mining results are the most apparent exploitation impact on a landscape and therefore the major environmental problems are presented through it.
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Carboniferous flora of the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin and its stratigraphic importance
Bojdová, Lenka ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kvaček, Zlatko (referee)
This thesis provides an overview of the Carboniferous flora in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin and its applications in stratigraphy. The sediments of the Upper Silesian Basin with wetland carboniferous vegetation were deposited for about 10 million years. During this period, the floristic character was varying. According to the associations of species we can divide the filling into the stratigraphical units. The basin includes lycopodiophytes, horsetails, ferns, fern-like plants, cordaites, and ginkophytes. The filling began by the Ostrava formation with paralic basin flora with the leading species Sphenopteris adiantoides. Coal seams alternate with non-coal facies with culm flora. Thanks to the paleogeographic changes and marine transgression, the floristic associations changed. Sk. f. h. Enny is the major borderline between middle and upper floristic zones of the lower Namur, in which culm flora disappeared. After the hiatus, Karvinská formation with the important seam Prokop sediments. The formation is characterized by middle Namurian to the Lower Westphalian plants, without non-coal sections. The Upper Namurian plants are located in the sedlové and sušské layers. In the lower sušské layers the biostratigraphical interface of Namur/Westphal is indicated by Lyginopteris hoeninghausii....
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Trace and minor elements in coal and methods of their investigation
Páchová, Helena ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide an overview of the minor and trace elements in coal matter and to characterize their origin, distribution and effect on quality of coal in term of its industrial utilization, including potential environmental impacts. The thesis describes main methods currently used when investigating coal geochemistry and mineralogy. The thesis includes overview of the distribution of these elements in the major coal deposits of the Czech Republic.
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Genesis and distribution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin
Novotný, Tomáš ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Martínek, Karel (referee)
The thesis summarizes contemporary state of knowledge of genesis and distrubution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin. In the first part of the thesis I provide a classification and description of clastic bands including volcanoclastic and sedimentary bands. Following is the description of geology and stratigraphy of the Most Basin, and especially of the Main Coal, which contains many clastic bands. The thesis is focused mainly on the Bílina area, because the most of geologic research has been taken there.The main aim of the thesis is to distinguish various kinds of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin, especially from genetic point of view. There are two kinds of sedimentary clastic bands. Predominant type of clastic bands in the western part of the Most basin are clastic bands related to fluvial processes of the Žatec delta. In the eastern part of the Most Basin (e.g. Bílina open-cast mine) we can distinguish two types of clastic bands. Clastic bands bounded to fluvial systems are settled in the lower and middle bench of the Main Coal. Predominating type in the upper bench are clastic bands formed during the late lake highstand when the Bílina delta started to prograde into the mire. Clastic bands in the upper bench of the Main Coal thus pass to the prodeltaic clastics...
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