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Georgius Josephus Camel and his Work: Jesuit Bohemics of an Ethnobotanical Charcter in SE Asia in the 17th ant 18th Centuries
Pokorný, Ondřej ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee) ; Hlúšek, Radoslav (referee)
The main objective of the work is to expand the state of knowledge on the early contacts of the Czech lands with the area of SE Asia, e.g. the missionary Georgius Josephus Camel. In the introduction of the work, the author evaluates the current state of knowledge of the topic. A brief historical excursion follows into the more general issue of the European presence in SE Asia and the history of the Society of Jesus in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and in the Philippines. Other chapters deal with the significance of the mission itself, the requirement of everyday mission activity and using archival materials come closer to the milieu in which the missionaries lived. A brief introduction to the history of botany with a look at the area of SE Asia then concludes the first part of the work. The second part of the work is devoted to the figure of G. J. Camel, a missionary from the Czech provenance of the Society of Jesus, who at the turn of the eighteenth century worked in the Philippines. A detailed biography informs on the important events of his life and predominantly then on his botanical, pharmacological and ethnobotanical interest. Other chapters describe Camel's contacts with preeminent scientists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the importance of his work in the period context and also a...
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Translation and interpretation of the chronicles of Andrés de Tapia and Francisco de Aguilar
Vongreyová, Jana ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Jetmarová, Jana (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is a translation and analysis of the two direct participants of the conquest of Mexico, Andrés de Tapia and Francisco de Aguilar. The actual translation is enriched with notes, based on information available in Czech literature, and in the last Spanish edition of the chronicles from Germán Vázquez Chamorro. Preliminary studies contain the description of the biographies of the conquistadors, a detailed analysis of their chronicles and comparison of their works with two other conquerors, Hernán Cortés and Bernal Díaz del Castillo, whose works are available in Czech translation. These four, also with the conqueror Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia, create a group named "soldiers chroniclers" (soldados cronistas - by Jorge Gurria Lacroix). They are the only direct participants of the conquest of Mexico, which chronicles are known so far. Therefore are unique, but very limited source for ethnographic study of pre-colombian cultures, which were shortly after the conquest permanently destroyed. The aim of the analysis of the chronicles is therefore to highlight particular ethnographic information of indigenous cultures, and thus the material and spiritual culture, religion, the population of cities, the architecture, etc. The thesis is accompanied by the register of personal names, names of...
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Burjatian shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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Myth of P. Antonín Koniáš and its changes
Beneš, Pavel ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee) ; Fiala, Jiří (referee)
Pojem "mýtus" - chápaný ve smyslu falešných, iluzorních představ -je používán i v následující disertační práci, jež si klade za cíl zdokumentovat a analyzovat problematiku genese, vývoje a funkce mýtu, s nímž je česká veřejnost již více než dvě staletí konfrontována, mýtu spojeného s osobností českého jezuitského misionáře, P. Antonína Koniáše. Smyslem této práce přitom není shora uvedený mýtus bořit, ale jen vykládat. Koniášovský mýtus je jen jedním z mnoha mýtů a stereotypů, vytvořených českou společností v období novověku a je třeba ho vnímat jako jejich součást. Tento mýtus, podobně jako mnohé další, procházel během své existence řadou proměn a svou roli sehrál i v rámci aktivit, souvisejících s národně - emancipačním hnutím. V souvislosti s tím budeme sledovat, jak byl P. Koniáš českou společností v různých etapách jejího vývoje vnímán. Výslovně zde hovořím o "české společnosti", protože veškeré mé dosavadní výzkumy nasvědčují tomu, že do širšího povědomí českých Němců tento misionář nevstoupil, ač sám německy kázal i psal a rovněž tak nejstarší zmínky o něm jsou vedle latinských pramenů psané právě v německém jazyce. Zaměření disertační práce odpovídá i její struktura. Uvedená tematika je sledována na pozadí proměn české společnosti od doby baroka po současnost, přičemž hlavní pozornost je soustředěna...
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Holy foolishness and schamanism
Nesrsta, Radek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
Abstract! ! The aim of this thesis is to search for contact points between the two cultural phenomena, in which, based on sharing the same area and intensive historical contact, I assume connection. Even though yurodstvo and shamanism proceed from different traditions and roots on the first sight. By analysing hagiographical legends and historical sources about individual saints I try to identify the changes, that lead to origin of typical form of "holy foolishnes" in the old Russia, which is unique in Christian world. I address the relationship of "arctic hysteria" or more precisely "klikushestvo" and "menerik" that are most likely forms that "arctic hysteria" takes in area of Siberia, and shamanism. I proceed to search for contact point with phenomena of Russian yurodstvo after short introduction of elementary thesis. Namely in legends, initiation process, clothing and miraculous abilities.!
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Holy foolishness and schamanism
Nesrsta, Radek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
! Abstract! ! The aim of this thesis is to search for contact points between the two socioreligious phenomena, in which we expect continuity on the basis of their own intensive historical ethnic relations. By analyzing hagiographic legends and historical texts, we try to identify changes that the Byzantine phenomenon of foolishness for Christ undergoes after its introduction to cultural environment of Kievan Rus and its changes in the successor states, and we view these phenomena that emerged in this new environment and all together constitute the phenomenon of Russian foolishness for Christ in detail for the purpose of comparison by analogy with shamanism of Central Asian and Siberian ethnic communities. ! ! At the beginning of the work I deal with the nature of the sources and roots that represent foolishness for Christ that can be found in the Byzantine Empire but are linked to the Asia Minor and Mediterranean cultural environment. First, I present the various legends of individual saints. I put the Russian foolishness for Christ phenomenon into a broader historical and religious context to which phenomena that can be seen on the border of foolishness for Christ belong, and I briefly deal with Central Asian and Siberian shamanism. On this basis the analysis of possible cultural exchange and comparison of...
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The Tarahumara's Worldview
Korecká, Zuzana ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (referee)
Résumé The dissertation called The Tarahumara Worldview is the attempt to indicate and clear up the relationship between the language and the culture. The work follows from the mytical arrangement of the Tarahumara natural world living in the Northwestern of Mexico from the description and analyses of some language elements and searching for its language features in the culture. The author puts a few questions: what is position of myth in the worldview - in case there is some?; what is the relation of the Tarahumara language and culture?; does exist any possibility to outcome of the relation of two parts of one culture as it is myth system and language system into thing what the anthropology consider as the worldview?, does myths and language could show in any way a setting of Tarahumara native world setting, their way of thinking?; does the myth shows the base for the cultural creation and how?; even if the question is dificult becouse of the European culture influences we are trying to ask for the origin of Tarahumara culture in the myth - what is the role of the myth and what is the role of the language in Tarahumara worldview. Basicaly I ask for the relation between language and myth in culture environment: where is the edge of this relation, is this relaiton important or it has marginal impact and it...
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