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A Comparison of migration crises of the European Union in 2015 and 2022 in terms of "push" and "pull" effects - A Comparative case study of migration trends
Fiala, Tomáš ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
in English The waves of migration from Syria in 2015 and from Ukraine in 2022 significantly affected the number of people who applied for asylum or temporary protection in the EU. In this work, these migration waves are compared through a pre-selected framework of the so- called "neoclassical theory" which operates on the basis of rational decision-making about migration as an "economic" calculation of risks, advantages and disadvantages (so-called "push" and "pull" factors and "intervening obstacles"). Through comparison, the work tries to answer the questions of the similarity of the two migration waves and, through their analysis, at the same time, the question of whether these waves influenced the Migration and Asylum Policy of the EU as such. Despite certain similarities in the political aspects of the comparison, the similarity of the two waves was not confirmed, however, a shift in the creation of the EU migration policy framework after the migration wave in 2015 was also confirmed.
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UN Mission in Kosovo: The Causes of Its Long-Term Ineffectiveness
Doležal, Jan ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
The United Nations Mission in Kosovo presented the most complex UN peace mission to date. With its four-pillar structure, consisting of the UN, EU, and OSCE, with security support from NATO, UNMIK was mandated to assume full interim administrative control responsibility over Kosovo following the end of the Kosovo War. While the UNMIK administration (1999-2008) achieved most of its short-term objectives and goals related to negative stability, it was largely ineffective in fulfilling its long-term goals related to statebuilding and positive stability. This case study aims to determine which factors contributed to UNMIK's long-term ineffectiveness. This is achieved through an analysis of the impact of three factors identified as potentially detrimental to UNMIK's long-term effectiveness. While the analysis confirms the negative impact of the lack of local ownership and the prioritization of short-term negative stability, the findings related to the impact of the pillar design on the degree of coordination within the mission are mixed. While the performance of the integrated pillar design was far from perfect, it was still an improvement on the previous regional operations and overall contributed to a higher degree of coordination of the mission. Especially the division of responsibilities between the...
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Animosity as Ideology? Analysis of the Construction of the "West" in the Discursive Strategy of the Islamic State
Hvězda, Martin ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
Examining the ideological nature of Islamist movements can indicate in some way the ideological motivations of their members and explain why they intend to devote their often young lives to hating and fighting their perceived enemy. The radical terrorist organization Islamic State (we use the alternative name Daesh in the work) currently represents the most visible form of Islamic radicalism, and its ideological origins are also the main subject of our research. During the analysis of the complex ideology of Daesh, the work focuses on its specific component in the form of an articulated struggle with the West and hateful criticism of Western society. The initial hypothesis, which is then empirically verified, is based on the assumption of the existence of the historical roots of this ideology in the form of Salafist jihadism and Wahhabi theological doctrine. Using postmodern theoretical approaches together with the application of Foucault's genealogical method, our work carries out historical research supported by elements of critical discursive analysis in order to clarify the roots and formation of the anti-Western discourse, which is used in such a clear way precisely in the ideology of Daesh. We attempt to trace the creation of a discursive strategy across the history of Islamic thought and...
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Comparison of Approaches of Eastern Partnership in the Cases of Ukraine and Georgia.
Kerbach, Jiří ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
The diploma thesis Comparison of Eastern Partnership Approaches in the Cases of Ukraine and Georgia aims to reveal similarities and differences in the Eastern Partnership policies in the monitored countries. The basis of the comparative case study is therefore the analysis of two state actors. Methodologically, the work is based on Foreign Policy Analysis, which covers a wide range of political actors and factors that affect the foreign policy of states. The theoretical concept that will support the analyzed results will be the Theory of Rational Choice, which was chosen for the appropriate defensibility of the steps and attitudes of individual actors. As a second theory is used social construction of European identity, which is aimed mainly on cultural and ideological factors. Before writing the diploma thesis, the following hypothesis was established: Within the Eastern Partnership exist differences in the intensity in sectors of cooperation between Ukraine and Georgia. Based on this hypothesis, a research question will be answered: Exist differences between the sectors of cooperation carried out within the Eastern Partnership between Ukraine and Georgia? The following findings answer this question. The main differences between Ukraine's and Georgia's foreign policy towards the European Union are...
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Slovakia's accession to the EU: A return to the west or a seized opportunity?
Salíni, Michal ; Földes, Kristián (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
This year, 18 years have passed since the moment Slovakia became a member of the European Union. Currently, Slovakia is a long-time member of the Union, however, this status has not always been self-evident. At the turn of millennia, Slovakia was in the middle of an accession process, which was marked with success, as well as problems. This bachelor thesis focuses on the accession process of Slovakia to the European Union in the years 1994-2004. Using theoretical principles of constructivism and post-structuralism, the author is analysing nominalisation and predicalisation of the European Union in Slovak public discourse based on two logical principles - logic of expected consequences and logic of appropriateness. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on which of these logical approaches was prevalent in the public discourse. Author works with materials from political and media sphere from a given period. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical and methodological background necessary for the analysis. In the following part, author describes historical context of the period. In the empirical chapter, author analyses chosen relevant materials. In the last part of the thesis, author provides answers to research questions.
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Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in EU Development Policy: From Goals to Human Rights or Vice Versa?
Bezděková, Petra ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the role of economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights in the Development Policy of the European Union (EU). The aim of the thesis is to find out through critical discourse analysis, whether the ESC rights are implemented as human rights or rather as goals. The theoretical framework consists of two approaches to the understanding of ESC rights. First, equal position of ESC rights and civil and political rights as human rights, all universal, indivisible and interconnected. This approach is represented by Amartya Sen. Second approach denying the ESC rights such an equal position because to their achievement, certain economic resources are needed, and those are not distributed equally in the world. Therefore, they are rather goals to be achieved than human rights. This approach is represented by Aryeh Neier. The outcome of this thesis is a different position of ESC rights and civil and political rights in the EU Development Policy, despite the EU being legally bound to equal promotion of all human rights by international law and its own official documents. Tools for human rights promotion under the policy are mainly focused on fulfilling civil and political rights. ESC rights are rather implemented as practical, complementary means to economic growth and poverty...
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Politicization of the European Union in Czech media
Lukáš, Filip ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
This master thesis is focused on understanding the process of politicization of the European Union in Czech media between the years 2003 and 2017. The theoretical framework used to observe the politicization process is based on postfunctionalist theory of European integration which assumes that the governance of the European Union has been become publicly contested, i.e., politicized, which consequently constrained the process of European integration. To analyze the process two politicization indices that considered the visibility, i.e., salience, of the European Union and the divergence of opinions i.e., polarization, were created. The source of data were annual Eurobarometer surveys and 6750 articles from three Czech quality newspapers. The hypothesized drivers of politicization assumed increases of politicization during authority transfer moments such as Czech Republic joining the EU in 2004 or Lisbon treaty adoption in 2009; and during crisis events such as was the Eurozone crisis and refugee crisis. The results revealed that the overall level of politicization was low, and it was only during the hypothesized events of Czech-EU admission, Lisbon treaty and refugee crisis that the politicization level increased significantly.
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Germany's foreign policy. Is Federal Republic of Germany still a "civilian power"?
Janardhan, Bindu ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Földes, Kristián (referee)
The thesis aims to study Germany's foreign policy methods to answer the research question if Germany is still a civilian power. The presented work aims to establish that Germany's foreign policy methods and decision-making process are guided by civilian power theory's normative principles and values, thereby making Germany a civilian power. The author will test this through case study analysis on four diverse case study topics that explore Germany's foreign policy methods over a period of time, thus analyzing the evolution of Germany's foreign policy methods furthermore, if this evolution displays continuity or change of modification in Germany's foreign policy methods. The thesis studied Germany's role in Eastern European enlargement, non-military engagement specifically in combat operations in Iraq, military engagement and combat operations in Afghanistan, and Germany's engagement in the developmental policies for Africa. The formulated hypotheses of the four case studies stand to be correct. Germany's foreign policy methods are guided by civilian power norms and principles since its unification until now under the leadership of three different chancelleries. Because of this, Germany is still a civilian power and adapts to the challenges faced at the time and modifies its methods only after...
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