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Concurrent infractions and their sentencing
Piskačová, Kateřina ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Concurrent infractions and their sentencing Abstract As the title of the thesis suggests, this work is concerned with the concurrence of administrative infractions and how it is penalized. This work aims to be a complex introduction into these issues and an analysis of all related aspects, in terms of both substantive and procedural law. A critical review of current legislation is also part of the analysis and the insufficiencies in the current system are identified. The thesis can be divided into two main sections: the first section is concerned with an analysis of concurrence itself while the second section analyses the penalization of such concurrences, concretely it explores the specifics of imposing penalties and of the infraction proceedings themselves. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the relationship of the administrative infractions law and the criminal law, and it explains why the judicial conclusions of the criminal law and its associated literature are often applicable to administrative infraction cases as well. In the second part, a discussion of the concurrence itself is presented together with a definition of act, which is a crucial definition for proper discussion of concurrence. The third part then describes the grouping of concurrences into single-act and multiple-act...
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Principles of administrative proceedings, abstract
Habovčík, Martin ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Principles of administrative proceedings, abstract Focus of this diploma thesis is the issue of basic principles of administrative proceedings, but not in terms of basic procedure principles of administrative authorities as they are set out in § 2 to 8 of the Administrative Procedure Code, but in terms of procedural principles of administrative proceedings, as rules of procedure before administrative authorities. These principles represent a key element for understanding and interpretation of the procedural process in an administrative proceeding, but Administrative Procedure Code does not contain an express codification of these principles in its text. Goal of this thesis is to perform a detailed analysis of individual principles both individually and in context. The aforementioned principles of administrative proceedings usually occur in the form of mutually ambivalent pairs and their application during administrative proceedings presents many conflicting issues which stems from their implicitly general nature. The methodological basis of this thesis is the method of textual hermeneutics and general empirical-analytical paradigm based on the source material, which consists mainly of judgments and resolutions of the Supreme Administrative Court and is supplemented by relevant literature. The text of this...
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Action for protection against unlawful interference
Fencáková, Silvia ; Rajchl, Jiří (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Action for protection against unlawful interference Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of protection against unlawful interference, instruction or coercion of an administrative authority pursuant to Section 85 et seq. of Act No. 150/2002 Coll., Administrative Procedure Code. The first chapter defines the key elements of a factual intervention as one of the forms of public administration activities, doing so primarily by theoretical comparison with an administrative decision. The chosen approach is primarily guided by the negative definition of factual intervention by an administrative authority contained in Section 85 of the Administrative Procedure Code, which contraposes it with an administrative decision. The first chapter also includes an in-depth analysis of three model examples representing atypical forms of public administration activity, against which, based on the conclusions of court practice, an action for interference may be brought. The second chapter discusses the position of an action for interference within the three basic types of administrative actions, and its relationship to an action against a decision and an action against the inaction of an administrative authority. It also does so on the basis of an analysis of the judicial interpretation of the concept of an administrative...
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Principles of administrative proceedings
Habovčík, Martin ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Principles of administrative proceedings, abstract Focus of this diploma thesis is the issue of basic principles of administrative proceedings, but not in terms of basic procedure principles of administrative authorities as they are set out in § 2 to 8 of the Administrative Procedure Code, but in terms of procedural principles of administrative proceedings, as rules of procedure before administrative authorities. These principles represent a key element for understanding and interpretation of the procedural process in an administrative proceeding, but Administrative Procedure Code does not contain an express codification of these principles in its text. Goal of this thesis is to perform a detailed analysis of individual principles both individually and in context. The aforementioned principles of administrative proceedings usually occur in the form of mutually ambivalent pairs and their application during administrative proceedings presents many conflicting issues which stems from their implicitly general nature. The methodological basis of this thesis is the method of textual hermeneutics and general empirical-analytical paradigm based on the source material, which consists mainly of judgments and resolutions of the Supreme Administrative Court and is supplemented by relevant literature. The text of this...
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Identification and characterisation of novel mechanisms regulating steady state and emergency granulopoiesis
Daněk, Petr ; Alberich Jorda, Meritxell (advisor) ; Fuchs, Ota (referee) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
ABSTRACT Neutrophils are essential cells of the immune system. They engage in pathogen clearance, inflammatory response, and wound healing. Proper production and activation of neutrophils is critical for the health of an individual, since several disorders are related to neutrophilic alterations. In this thesis, we explore three previously uncharacterized mechanisms that might be involved in the regulation of neutrophilic differentiation. First, we addressed the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This signaling is executed by interaction of -catenin with TCF/LEF transcription factors. We employed a murine model that specifically inactivates -catenin-TCF/LEF-mediated transcription by expressing a dominant negative form of TCF4 (dnTCF4). Using this model in combination with several in vitro and in vivo assays we demonstrated that -catenin-TCF/LEF signaling directly upregulates expression of G-CSF receptor in hematopoietic progenitors, imposing myeloid commitment and favoring neutrophilic differentiation. This appeared to be especially important during the response to systemic infection, termed emergency granulopoiesis, as dnTCF4-expressing mice showed high susceptibility to Candida albicans infection. Remarkably, the critical role of -catenin-TCF/LEF signaling for neutrophil differentiation...
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Legal concepts of administrative law restricting the right to property
Balounová, Jana ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Staša, Josef (referee) ; Průcha, Petr (referee)
Legal concepts of administrative law restricting the right to property Within the legal order a lot of legal concepts can be found which restrict fundamental constitutionally guaranteed right to property, respectively which can restrict it. The dissertation focuses on analysis of selected legal concepts which are regulated by administrative law and through which is interfered with the right to property. In the Czech Republic the right to property is guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and at European level by the Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The thesis is divided into three main chapters which are further divided into individual sub-chapters. The first chapter deals with the characteristic, definition and categorization of particular legal concepts restricting the right to property. The second chapter focuses on the right to property itself, especially on constitutional basis, limits and its protection. In the relation to the topic of the dissertation it is also important to define how these legal concepts are enshrined in the legal order and which form of administrative activities they result in. The third chapter describes the particular forms of administrative activities in relation to the right to property. The...
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Regulatory mechanisms in normal and malignant granulopoiesis
Kardošová, Miroslava ; Alberich Jorda, Meritxell (advisor) ; Stopka, Tomáš (referee) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Neutrophils, known primarily as key players in defense against invading pathogens, represent an essential component of both the innate and adaptive immunity. Continuous production of large quantities of neutrophils is ensured by a complex process termed granulopoiesis. In order to maintain a stable neutrophilic population, granulopoiesis requires to be tightly regulated. Moreover, impaired granulopoiesis may lead to aberrant bone marrow function and, ultimately, give rise to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite decades of research, the mechanisms regulating granulopoiesis are still unclear. In particular, the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors plays a critical role in this process. C/EBPα acts as a master regulator of granulopoiesis mainly by orchestrating expression of its target genes, which will mediate granulocytic differentiation. Thus, characterization of novel C/EBPα target genes is critical for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate granulopoiesis. Previously, we showed that another C/EBP member, CEBPG, is a direct target of C/EBPα. In the first part of the present work, we addressed the unknown role of C/EBPγ in granulopoiesis. We observed that Cebpg conditional knockout (KO) mice, which have the Cebpg gene ablated specifically...
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Tumor in vitro chemosensitivity and resistance assays (CSRA) using flow cytometry
Drozdová, Tereza ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
In vitro chemosensitivity and resistance assay determine the sensitivity of a specific tumor after a specific treatment administration in an experimental setup. A heterogeneous population of cancer cells is exposed to various approved anticancer drugs in short-term ex vivo and their combination thereof. The effect of each drug is then determined based on the viability of specific tumor cells allowing for individual patient treatment using a precise combination of drugs. This approach is an example of the personalized medicine principle, which is focusing on the adjustment of diagnostic procedures and treatment of a specific patient. Therefore, its goal is to avoid treatment failure in patients with poor response to the statistically most effective treatments based on randomized clinical trials. The number of viable cells determined by the flow cytometry provides very accurate statistics for multiparametric analysis. A necessary prerequisite is the presence of dissociated cancer cells in a single cell suspension. This is different from cloning methods, where tumor colonies grow on agar media, or from histocultures, which are specific with its three-dimensional tissue cultivation. We can also sort cells from suspension based on their pre-defined attributes for their subsequent functional testing. The...
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Influence of fetal microchimerism on breast carcinoma in mothers
Šůchová, Anna-Marie ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Fetal microchimerism is a condition where fetal cells are present in the body of the mother, they are transmitted during pregnancy and may persist for several decades after parturition. Their presence affects the immune system of the mother, which is investigated in both autoimmune and tumor diseases. This work, as a literature review, summarizes the current knowledge of the effect of fetal microchimerism on breast carcinomas in mothers, which is one of the most common cancer in women worldwide. It is based on studies that examined the presence of fetal cells in peripheral blood and neoplastic maternal tissues. While the correlation between the presence of fetal microchimerism in peripheral blood and breast cancer suggests a possible protective role, the data on the investigation of the same correlation in neoplastic tissue are not so unambiguous. Some of them suggest a protective role, others have a negative role. Key words - fetal microchimerism, breast carcinoma, pathogenesis, oncology, tumor
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