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Eschatalogy of Yezidism
Kubálek, Petr ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee) ; Chlup, Radek (advisor)
The subject of the thesis is Yezidism, a religion in the Kurdish speaking areas of the Middle East. It deals with the Yezidi eschatology with a focus on ideas of the End of Time. The thesis summarises and interprets the Yezidi textual versions on the End of Time. It presents the characters featured in the texts, especially one of the Yezidi manifestations of deity - z (related to the historical Muslim Caliph YAZD I IBN MUCWIYA). It also deals with the Yezidi concepts of time and power, the Yezidi social order and history, and proposes a typology of the textual tradition in Yezidism. The thesis includes expositions on the description of the Yezidis as "devil worshippers" and the fake manuscripts long thought to be the Yezidi "sacred books".
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Ibn Sina's Hayy Ibn Yaqdhan: translation and commentary
Vitásková, Magdaléna ; Ondráš, František (referee) ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor)
The present study consists of two main parts, namely translation and commentary of the philosophical-mystical recital ajj ibn Jaqn (The Living, Son of the Vigilant). The author is a significant philosopher of the Islamic East Ibn Sn (980-1037), whose biography is a part of this study. Although this treatise is not his most famous work, it belongs for its strong narrative aspects, aesthetic values and depth of the symbolism to brilliant writings of classical Arabic literature. The commentary is divided into chapters that correspond to the themes contained in the treatise. The main motive represents the journey of human intellect, who is guided by the Active intellect personified in the figure of The Living, son of the Vigilant towards a higher knowledge. Once the rational soul has realized its angelic potential sets on an intelectual journey into the world of the separated forms, which is finally crowned with a vision of God. Ibn Sn presents through this symbolic story central elements of his teachings, namely the theory of intellect, psychology and epistemology, the theory of matter and form, cosmology, emanation theory, angelology ant theology. The secret motive and philosophical-mystical message of the treatise is love, which is as an ascending principle of the creation opposite to emanation. The last...
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Arab clothing
Husinecká, Markéta ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Veselý, Rudolf (referee)
Celkový charakter arabského odívání byl v průběhu historie ovlivňován módními trendy, ale i řadou společenských jevů a fenoménů, stejně jako cizími kulturními vlivy. Toto specifické společenské a kulturní klima přispělo ke vzniku systému, jako byl ghijáropatření směřující k rozlišení muslimů od jinověrců - přičemž tato nařízení byla realizována z velké části skrze oděv. Hmotnou i symbolickou hodnotu oděvu v sobě spojovalo čestné roucho chi! 'a, jež bylo darováno jako výraz pocty, uznání nebo přízně. Zárodky této tradice vznikaly již v dobách předislámských či v období raného islámu, avšak plného rozkvětu dosáhly skrze instituci.tirázu, jež tvořila neoddělitelnou součást reality středověkého islámského chalífátu.
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Politics and society in Angola in the 1970s: MPLA' s struggle for the consolidation of power
Caetano Joáo, Mário Augusto ; Kumsa, Alemayehu (advisor) ; Klíma, Jan (referee) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee)
Politics and Society in Angola in the 70's of the 20th century: MPLA's struggle for the consolidation of power is a rigorous and meticulous work on the internal dynamics existing in MPLA, first as a movement and then as a political party, through the greatest moments, which in its development occurred. The seventies of last century represent the biggest crisis in the history of the Angolan strongest political party ever. The work seeks to highlight the political consequences but also consequences in human lives that these crises have influenced. During the 70's of the 20th century four major events bring MPLA on the verge of liberation process. On the eastern front, at the beginning of the seventies, there was an uprising in the MPLA army against the central leadership. Later, Daniel Chipenda, a member of the MPLA Steering Committee, took the lead of the rebellion. In terms of leadership in MPLA, this was the first major collapse between the Steering Committee and the MPLA social and rural bases. Right after took place another revolt, which was called Active Revolt, in May 1974 in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo where MPLA had its headquarters. It was carried out by mostly intellectual dissidents, but it brought structural catastrophic consequences for MPLA, when the 25th April 1974 in Portugal played a coup...
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Life and work of 'Ali Shari'ati and his relation to Islamic revolution in Iran
Fuxová, Petra ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Marek, Jan (referee) ; Gombár, Eduard (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with the life story and work of c Ali Sharicati, one of the most important Islamic thinkers of the 20th century Iran. The thesis consists of two parts. The first one depicts the Iranian history since the end of the 19th century until the Islamic revolution in 1979 focussing on the role of the Shica clergy during the events of special importance- resistence against the concessions granted to Western citizens and companies as well as the dismissal of the popular prime ministr Mohammad Mossaddeq in 1953. These important moments of Iranian modern history have tight connection to the Islamic revolution in 1979 and were catalysts of its outbreak. The first part of the thesis includes Sharicati · s biography and summarizes personalities with the key influence on his intellectual formation. Separate chapter covers birth and activities of the Islamic centre Hosseiniyeh Ershad in Tehran, where Sharicati was giving his famous lectures in the late 1960ies and early 1970ies. The second part analyses Sharicati · s work and compares his ideological concepts with the thinking of other important Iranian thinkers of the 20th century - that of Ahmad Kasravi, ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Abdolkarim Soroush and with the activities of Shica cleric Moussa Sadr in Lebanon. The key lectures as .. Man...
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The identity and basic religious principals of the Copts in Egypt
Pargačová, Viola ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Filipi, Pavel (referee) ; Oerter, Wolf Burkhard (referee)
The present work explores Coptic community in connection with its identity. The major focus in the work is on the social and religious construction ofthe Coptic identity in the second half of20th century. In the late 1960s and 1970s the Sunday School Movement brought about an age of reform in the Coptic Church that continues to this day. A Iarge part of the reform has been to identify their origins as apostolic, monastic and marked by martyrdom and persecutions. The political developement in 1970s and 1980s strenghtened complex of inferiority among Copts. In order to preserve specific culture codes the Coptic community has adapted to contemporary political and social conditions by creating ofso called Coptic environment. The Coptic church gave to its adherents saťe and free living conditions deprived of any Muslim elements. The church provides social services, education in Sunday schools and other leisure time activities.
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The Transformation of Nabataean Religion
Stupková, Miroslava ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Prudký, Martin (referee) ; Tichý, Ladislav (referee)
Miroslava Stupková Nabatejské náboženství v proměnách The Transformation of Nabataean Religion Nabataean religion is a kind of synthesis of pre-Islamic Arabian polytheistic tradition merged together with religious aspects of Aramaic population and helenistic religious imagination and ideas of the ancient Middle East. The highest God of Nabateans is Dushara and his female partners were al-'Uzza and Allat. Those Arabien astral deities were worshipped in aniconic way, it means, in shape of standing stones, so called betyls. Some characters and functions of Greek Gods were attributed to the nabataean deities during the reign of various Nabataean kings.
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Changing perceptions of waqf in the Egyptian society (1805-1953)
Melčák, Miroslav ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
Waqf (pI. 'awqi() emerged in the first century after the birth of Islam, and spread to the whole of the Middle East to become one of the most distinctive features of its societies. Although waqfs played many different socio-economic roles, their significance has up to now usually been described by means of the dichotomic concept distinguishing between waqf chayri (charitable endowment) and waqf 'ahli (family endowment), the first having been established as a kind of charity to provide free social services to the population (mainly mosques and madrasas), the latter as a tool for evading inheritance rules (ilm al-jarii'i), which, if applied, would cause the fragmentation of properties into uneconomical units. This concept originated in the period of the 19th and 20th centuries when the new legislation was beeing produced in Middle East countries to restrain waqf as an obstacle to social and economic progress. The thesis traces a history of this dichotomic concept in the context of modem Egypt. First it discusses the waqf policy of Mul).ammad cAli in the first half of the 19th century, then the development of the central waqfbureau up to the end of the 19th century, and the process of conferring property rights to the land which caused an unprecedented expansion of family-like endowments during the first half...
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