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Gleaning, trash picking, scavenging: Dumpster diving and symbolic boundaries between clean and unclean
Kubatová, Marie ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
The author deals with the phenomenon of dumpster diving. Being focused on those divers who are used to dumpster dive not being pressed to it by their financial situation, she concentrates on their definition of purity and their way of dealing with symbolic boundaries of clean and unclean. After summarising social-environmental and social scientific background of the phenomenon in context of the theoretical frame based on Mary Douglas and her book about purity and danger the author presents a qualitative analysis of participant observation and in- depth interviews with informants who dumpster dive voluntarily. Based on quantitatively and representatively tested public opinion on dumpster diving she points both the colourful composition of dumpster divers' motives and ideological believes and their reflection and norm- based boundaries categorization that is connected to food they are used to eat. In connection with informants' conception of food value the author argues that through inspiring power of the first dumpster diving experience informants' understanding and dealing with those boundaries have changed. Nevertheless, she stresses that despite being convinced their way of consumption is right and thus pure the informants tend to apply and present themselves by pattern of conduct that...
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Helena Třeštíková's time-collecting documentary films in the context of sociology
Dobešová, Petra ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
Beyond reviewing Helena Třeštíková's most known movies and an outline of history of documentary film on a global scale and in Czech context1 , thesis deals with a style of time- collecting method in documentary films by Helena Třeštíková, with specifics of her method and requirements of her films. The aim is to comprehensively cover this topic, with the large space provided, due to the sociological potential, to theme in the social sciences still current - the questions of "truth", objective approach and reflections from various authors, theorists and filmmakers. Through the compilation of books and articles by film theorists, reviews and countless articles and interviews in the film and non-film press provides a discussion of the time-collecting document, its roots, traits and contexts, which continues in describing the specifics of Třeštíková's methods and finally, as the already mentioned, most famous works. Based on primary, secondary and tertiary sources, analysis and interpretation of visual and printed material, the thesis is a combination of review (provides a guide to understanding for those who meet the time-collecting topic for the first time) and critical approach (contributes to the existing theoretical discourse). 1 Both of these sections are inserted in the annex in order to not...
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Disciplining science : the impacts of shifting governmentality regimes on academic research in the natural sciences in the Czech Republic
Linková, Marcela ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kostlán, Antonín (referee) ; Smith, Simon (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Sociological Studies Sociology Marcela Linková Doctoral dissertation Disciplining science: The impacts of shifting governmentality regimes on academic research in the natural sciences in the Czech Republic English abstract The dissertation Disciplining science: The impacts of shifting governmentality regimes on academic research in the natural sciences in the Czech Republic is a contribution to the study of institutional changes of the academic environment. I examine changes occurring in the last two decades in academic knowledge-making, and specifically in the natural sciences. Concretely, I focus on research assessment as an increasingly dominant practice of quality control. Previous analyses of the research assessment system in the Czech Republic argue that the system has been designed to suit primarily the practices of the natural sciences (Linkova and Stockelova 2012; Stockelova 2012). In this dissertation I am therefore interested in what forms research assessment takes in the natural sciences and what impacts it is having in terms of knowledge making practices, formation of researchers' subjectivities and, lastly, in terms of the future of research in the natural sciences. With this study I contribute to research into institutional...
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The reasons for force feeding prisoners at Guantanamo in the context of Foucault's theory of Power
Polák, Michal ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jan (referee)
Aim of this paper is to explain used forced feeding of hunger strikers at the U.S. Prison at Guantanamo, when this technique is prohibited in international law. I used the sociology of Michel Foucault, who devoted himself to the topic of imprisonment. His work is often used in the interpretation of what is happening at Guantanamo. With the help of these interpretations were generated two hypotheses. I tested compiled hypotheses in study of literature including news articles, research papers, reports of human rights organizations, legislation, interviews with former camp detainees or camp staff etc. We conclude that the prisoners at Guantanamo are not fed to be kept alive, but rather to be punished for a hunger strike protest. The conclusions highlight a new form of relationship between state and its citizens, which calls for more comprehensive analysis of current form of government, which we are not able to cover in this work.
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Discourses of Birth Management in Czech web articles
Tichá, Kristýna ; Kabele, Jiří (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
I focus on the nature of the discourses of the birth themselves and on the form of their controversies, which are tied to their confrontations in Czech web articles. I examine the discourses and their strife in the articles of active participants of the dispute and on the most popular website in the articles dedicated to (future) parents. The discourse of the actively medically controlled delivery, perceives a birth as an inscrutable risky phenomenon which is medically necessary to keep always in a hospital with a staffing and material background to deal with possible complications. This discourse criticizes the births that are led outside hospitals. The discourse of the natural birth sees a birth as a natural part of life, during which usually no complications occur, if there is present a trained expert, who does not interfere in the natural process of labor, except any required medical reasons. A natural birth can be taken place in home. The reader are warned by this discourse on the improper routine care in Czech hospitals, which is inconsistent with the needs of the mother and the child, and on complications of a birth caused by the active medical leading of labor. The articles on the popular website are mainly influenced by the discourse of the actively medically controlled birth. These...
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The Experience of Gender Stereotypes at Technical Universities - Case of Selected Faculties of Czech Technical University in Prague
Truong, Phuong Thi ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Cidlinská, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with gender stereotypes occurring at technical universities. These are the fields of study that are traditionally associated with men. Female students in technical fields form a minority of these schools and may encounter during their studies prejudiced behaviour of male students and teachers because of their gender. It is surveyed by qualitative methods which specific gender-stereotyped patterns occur on the faculties of Czech Technical University which was chosen as the representative technical university. Furthermore, this thesis deals with attitude of female students to these stereotypes and majority male group in these fields. It was found that although male students and teachers treat girls mostly helpful and positive, stereotypical opinions about women as less technically capable still persist. Some students or teachers show prejudice in their behaviour. Female students do not consider these prejudices as a problem. During studies, they met with prejudicial behaviour, but do not consider it as a barrier that could not be overcome. Often these young women are those who are more compatible with young men, they respect that men dominate in technical field and they act accordingly. This thesis describes in detail the students' experiences with gender stereotypes at technical...
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Reasons of Showing Respect to Seniors: Respect to Heroes or Compassion with the Weak ones?
Terchová, Petra ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Čepelák, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of old age and respect towards seniors, which gone through significant change during history and that is the reason why the status of seniors in society has decreased and youth gained prominence. The main goal of this thesis based on qualitative research is to find out the ways of showing respect to seniors and from which reasons it is so, while the accent is kept on perception of respect by four age generations. Observations and interviews revealed a discovery of typology of seniors and non-seniors, two forms of respect and four reasons of showing respect. The two main reasons of showing respect are perception of seniors as the weak ones or as heroes. The thesis develops forms and reasons of respect and thereby serves an insight into relationships and attitudes of young generations towards seniors. It revealed there are differences in ways of showing respect among generations. It should also give us pause to thought over sometimes big gap between these two worlds - youth and old age.
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Culture of Fear: Discourse Analysis of Šluknovsko Media Event
Tremčinský, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
This paper deals with the discourse analysis of media case Šluknovsko, which erupted in 2011. It focuses on the construction of the risk arising from Šluknovsko crisis, relying mainly on Beck's theory of risk society. Paper through the analysis of newspaper articles from the autumn of 2011 shows how base on a local crisis based national and global risk associated with ethnic minorities are constructed. At the same time paper shows how the media construction of risk is connected with a process called glocalization, in which are locally limited and specific incidents correlated with transnational processes, in order to create global risks. Furthermore, this paper identifies actors, based on local narratives that are constructed in the case, which are, according to media, responsible for dealing with a crisis and the resulting risks. In conclusion, the author considers the potential impacts that such a risk discourse can have on government policy.
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