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Low-calorie dietary regimes and their importance in the therapy of obesity
Dolejšová, Ester ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Starting points: Low-calorie diets (LCD) and very low-calorie diets (VLCD) are often indicated for effective and rapid weight reduction in patients with higher degrees of obesity (BMI ≥ 35). However, in many of these patients, short-term diets end in the typical yo-yo effect. In the presence of various diseases, the patient's health may also be harmed during these regimes. On the other hand, for many patients, these diets can represent a major shift in treatment if timed and executed correctly. Goals: The main goal of this study is to evaluate two- to three-week LCD and VLCD regimes conducted during hospitalization in ward D3 of the III Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague as part of weight-reduction stays and to assess their long-term effect. Methods: Quantitative, non-interventional research was conducted retrospectively. The research sample consisted of 60 patients who underwent a weight-reduction stay in inpatient ward D3 in 2022. With consent from the patients, initial data were taken from their medical records and from the mobile application Čas pro zdraví. Anthropometric data provided by the patients were used to calculate BMI and EBW (excess body weight). The collected data were processed in Excel program. Subsequently, the data were sorted for research purposes and...
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Bariatrics and diabetes remission
Pavlíková, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Löblová, Marie (referee)
Introduction: Bariatric-metabolic surgery, previously referred to solely as bariatric surgery, is no longer merely a treatment for obesity. In recent years, there has been an understanding of the complex metabolic effects that surgery provides and an expansion of its therapeutic use beyond weight reduction. It also represents a therapy for associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as "DM2T"). One of the main benefits that this bachelor thesis focuses on is the improvement of compensation and achievement of diabetes remission within 1 year after surgery. Objectives: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the different weight loss in diabetics and non-diabetics after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of bariatrics on the development of glycated hemoglobin values and thus on disease compensation. Finally, we focused on the review of cases where remission of DM2T occurred. The data were analyzed over a time period of 12 months following bariatric-metabolic surgery. Methodology: The research had a quantitative character and was conducted through retrospective observation. We analyzed data such as weight and glycated hemoglobin values. The group consisted of 38 respondents (18 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics) from obesity...
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Spectrum of patients in the nutritional clinic in Prostějov
Šuhajová, Klára ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Petřeková, Karin (referee)
Introduction: A dietitian in the outpatient clinic provides comprehensive nutritional care in the field of medical nutrition to children and adults. The role of a dietitian has a wide scope, the goal of which is to provide individual nutritional care to patients based on nutritional diagnoses. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to form a detailed analysis of the spectrum of patients from the nutritional therapy clinic according to medical diagnoses and requirements for nutritional care. The second goal is to evaluate the effect of nutritional intervention in overweight and obese patients, to summarize the effect of associated comorbidities, to evaluate the effect of good cooperation between a dietitian and a patient according to criteria. Methodology: The research part of the work is carried out in the nutrition clinic of the Medicom's medical facility in Prostějov during the years 2022-2023. A total of 252 patients were selected for the research, with the largest number of 59,9 % being women, 28,2 % men and 11,9 % children. Patients between the ages of 31-59 have the largest representation. Of the 252 patients, 78 (31 %) patients met the criteria for secondary endpoint evaluation. Based on the set goals, research questions and hypotheses are created, and the data obtained are...
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The influence of nutritional intervention on the development of cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus
Bučková Šenkýřová, Hana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, there has been a significant and sustained increase in the incidence of the type II diabetes mellitus. The cause of this phenomenon lies in the inappropriate lifestyle of the population living in economically developed countries. Type II diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death in diabetics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular nutritional intervention on selected factors influencing cardiovascular risk in type II diabetic patients, more specifically on weight, BMI, amount of fat and muscle mass, waist circumference, WHR, HbA1c, smoking abstinence and blood pressure. In addition, the aim was to ascertain how the resulting change in the factors of interest would vary with the frequency of the intervention, as well as the adherence of type II diabetics to treatment. The outcomes of patients who completed the series of interventions were also compared with those who did not complete the interventions. The success rate of the intervention in patients was also compared according to their gender and age. The final objective was to determine whether the changes achieved in each of the factors studied would be sustained by patients after a 3-month follow-up, when...
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Obesity and bariatric surgery
Fajmonová, Natálie ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Záhora, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that is often associated with a number of serious health complications such as DM2, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, hypertension and many others. In order to treatment of obesity is successful a comprehensive and individualised approach is required. Bariatrics is currently considered the most effective method of treating obesity and associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the average weight loss one year after surgery, to evaluate the average weight loss from maximum weight, to compare the changes weight loss in men and women and the same in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Method: The study sample consisted of 38 patients of the Obesity Center of the 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of the VFN in Prague. Patients underwent bariatric surgery during 2019- 2022. I retrospectively collected data from medical evidence about the weight development of patients from their maximum weight to one year after surgery. Results: The mean EWL of the patients one year after surgery was 30, 39 ± 16, 96 %. The patients reduced their maximum excess weight (EWMAX) by 50, 65 ± 26, 52 and the maximum BMI decreased from 51, 1 ± 7, 987 (obese class III) to 36, 93 ± 7, 623 (obese class II)....
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The impact of specific food types and physical activity on breast cancer incidence and development in women
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Šuta Kimle, Katarína (referee)
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activity play a significant role in developing prevention strategies and interventions. The influence of diet and physical activity on the incidence and development of breast cancer is a subject of ongoing research. Healthy lifestyle patterns, characterized by balanced nutrition and regular physical activity, have shown positive implications in preventing the onset of breast cancer. The practical part of this paper uses data from 15 patients who participated in and completed the three-month ONKO-FIT intervention programme. The program aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted nutritional and exercise therapy on the physical condition of breast cancer patients. While the results did not show a statistically significant improvement due to the relatively small sample size, there was a non-zero positive effect, suggesting a possible influence of the therapy on the patients' physical condition. These initial findings underline the potential benefits of such lifestyle interventions, which could significantly impact the treatment and recovery process for breast cancer patients. However, these results also highlight the need for further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the...
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Influence of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Approach on Maximum Kayak Paddling Power
Davídek, Pavel ; Kobesová, Alena (advisor) ; Kolář, Pavel (referee) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this thesis is to identify the effect of trunk stabilization training based on Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) on maximum kayak ergometer power output and reported self-disability in the shoulder girdle area. METHOD: Thirty flatwater kayakers of both genders (17 - 25 years old) were randomly divided into two groups. Crossover design was used for this study. Subjects in the experimental group (group A) integrated DNS exercises into standard flatwater training during the first phase. The control group (group B) conducted only common flat water training at the same time. After 6 weeks, the groups were switched. Then group B underwent the same DNS exercise with the same intensity and the same time. The intervention was the same for both phases and took 6 weeks. Group A performed only standard off-season training during the second phase. The maximum power output on kayak ergometer was measured three times (before study, after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks). Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) were analyzed at the same time. RESULTS: Initially, no significant differences in maximum power output on kayak ergometer and the DASH questionnaire score were identified between the groups. During the first phase the experimental group (group A) improved the maximum...
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Evaluation of resting energy expenditure and body composition in obese patients
Jílková, Anna ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Zelinka, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: The basis of obesity treatment is a conservative regimen based on a reduced diet and physical activity, individually set for each person. As the obese often show extreme deviations in body composition compared to individuals of normal weight, it is often difficult to determine their energy needs or determine their energy expenditure. The gold standard for determining resting energy expenditure (REE) is examination using indirect calorimetry (IC). This method can also detect deviations from the calculations of predictive equations, determine the degree of adaptation of the individual to low energy intake, and thus set the appropriate therapy. Objectives: The main objective of the work is the analysis and description of data on body composition and resting energy expenditure values of selected groups of obese individuals whose REE measurement results using indirect calorimetry reached a level below 95 % of the predicted REE calculated using the Harris Benedict (H-B) equation. The sub-goals are to describe the dependence of the size of some components of body composition on the size of the REE and to find out if the deviations between the number of the total measured REE and the REE calculated using H-B in the adapted group are significant. Methodology: For the research 71 patients of...
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Longevity -influence of nutrition and physical activity
Pausar, Martin ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Longevity and the factors influencing it have long been the subject of interest for both laypeople and experts. One approach to studying this issue is the observation of individuals who can be considered long-lived and whose physical and mental condition allows them to continue living a high-quality life. Some factors that determine this quality can be influenced more than others. Lifestyle is one of the modifiable factors, particularly its components such as diet, physical activity, and minimizing harmful habits. Aims: The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to find and describe possible common features in the field of eating habits and physical activity in a group of seniors aged 80 years and above. The first objective is to determine the frequency of consumption of selected foods or groups of foods and beverages. The second is to record the prevalence of selected non- communicable diseases in the sample studied and compare with the general population. The third was then to ascertain the proportion of fat and muscle mass of the respondents. Methodology: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys, direct interviews, and supplementary measurements of body composition. The data were then transformed into numerical form and analyzed using a spreadsheet software. A custom frequency...
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The role of nutrition and physical activity in breast cancer patients
Kafková, Tereza ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee)
Introduction: In most countries in the world, breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer diagnosed for women. A key factor that positively influences the prognosis of patients is physical activity, ideally supported by nutritional intervention. Adequate physical activity has a beneficial effect on increasing overall fitness and prolonging life of patients in the metastasis stage, especially in the subgroup of HER2+ patients. Furthermore, physical activity also improves the mental condition of patients. Aim: The aim of this research is to describe the effect of nutritional and physical exercise intervention for generalized breast cancer patients. The effectiveness of the interventions evaluated was based on the data from body composition measurements and the physical fitness test that was performed for the patients. Methodology: Data for this research was collected as a part of the ONKO-FIT program, which was created in co-operation with the Oncology Clinic of the General Teaching Hospital in Prague and the 1st Faculty of Medicine. The duration of this program was set for 3 months. The program was executed by 24 patients. Data was completely collected and evaluated for 13 of those patients. The patient's age range was from 39 to 57 years, with an average of 47 ± 6 years and the time since...
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