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Study of the biogenesis of monovalent-cation transporters in eukaryotic cell
Černá, Karolína ; Zimmermannová, Olga (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Regulation of intracellular levels of alkali metal cations (Na+ , K+ ) and protons depends on the proper localization and function of monovalent-cation transporters in cell membranes of most organisms (from bacteria to mammals). Cargo receptors, as a part of the endoplasmic reticulum and COPII vesicles, recognize membrane proteins and help them pass through the secretory pathway to reach their target membranes. The family of cargo receptors Erv14/Cornichon is conserved among eukaryotic organisms, and particular members participate in the biogenesis of several monovalent-cation transporters. In this diploma thesis, we analysed the structure and functions of selected cornichons from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Erv14) and from humans (CNIH1-4) in more detail. Using a heterologous expression of human cargo receptors CNIH1, CNIH2, and CNIH4 in yeast S. cerevisiae, we studied their ability to fulfil the role of Erv14 cargo receptor in cell salt tolerance, maintenance of membrane potential and intracellular pH. Of the three human cornichons, the functions of Erv14 in maintaining monovalent cation homeostasis were best complemented by the CNIH1 isoform. Expression of CNIH proteins in S. cerevisiae also impacted the biogenesis and function of yeast Na+ , K+ /H+ antiporter Nha1. Moreover, we...
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Biogenesis of plasma membrane Na+/H + antiporters of eukaryotic cells
Černá, Karolína ; Zimmermannová, Olga (advisor) ; Groušl, Tomáš (referee)
A secretory pathway is a process which serves for maturation of approximately one third of nascent polypeptides during proteosynthesis. Correct function of each membrane protein depends on their effective transport into its target membrane. An important group of proteins interacting with maturating proteins and ensuring their pass through the secretory pathway are cargo receptors. Cargo receptors help to insert nascent proteins into COPII vesicles via which they are exported from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus. Erv14 belongs to characterized cargo receptors in yeast. Based on similarity with this cargo receptor several homologous cargo receptors were also identified in higher eukaryotes, including human. Na+ /H+ antiporters are among membrane proteins passing the secretory pathway and requiring a cargo receptor for their biogenesis. The aim of this work is to summarize knowledge of the role of Erv14 cargo receptor and its human homologs CNIH1-4 in biogenesis of monovalent cation transporters, including Na+ /H+ antiporters. Key words: Na+ /H+ antiporters, Erv14, CNIH, cargo receptors, secretory pathway
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Slums as a result of urbanization of poverty in Africa
Černá, Karolína ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of slums in Africa with a focus on its eastern region. First part presents information on the fundamental aspects of this issue in theory line, when primarily uses foreign publications. It specifically focuses on the influence of post- colonialism, the process of urbanization and the incidence of slums. Second part illustrates the situation on the example of slums in Nairobi and Addis Ababa. Its main purpose is to show the quality of life of local population. Analysis is performed by the three studies; one refers to Nairobi and two Addis Ababa. It also seeks to answer the research questions that are listed at the beginning of this part. Overall results suggest that local people live in very poor conditions which do not provide adequate housing, access to infrastructures and education, and the unemployment rate is very high. Keywords Urbanization, poverty, slums, inequality, capital
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Legal penalties for unfair competition
Černá, Karolína ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Liška, Petr (referee)
Legal Penalties for Unfair Competition As the unfair competition has become the part of business due to the fact that businessmen are trying to achieve the profit, it is necessary to set up legal rules and restrictions to assure the fair competition, i.e. competition without unfairness and negative effect on functionality of the economic competition. The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse legal penalties of unfair competition especially in Czech legal order by means of interpretation of affected legal provisions together with judicature of the Supreme Court and other courts. First part of the thesis concerns theoretical scope of legal concepts concerning the unfair competition. The second chapter deals with active and passive legitimacy of subjects according to the Commercial Code. Both chapters give the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. The core of the diploma thesis is the third and fourth part, whereas the third part concerns the means of protection against unfair competition which are divided into several groups according to the law in which they are regulated (private law, public law divided into administrative and penal law, European law) and focuses on private law with using rich judicature of Czech courts. The fourth part regards specific procedural institutes that are...
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Extraordinary appeal in Common Plea
Černá, Karolína ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Dvořák, Bohumil (referee)
Extraordinary appeal in common plea represents one of extraordinary remedies which should be the last possibility of judicial review of decisions issued by lower court instance provided by the general court even though such decisions are legitimate. In connection with previous it is necessary that regularization is set in such manner that the interference with the legal relations is insignificant in comparison with interest for review and reach of justice. Within the extraordinary appeal the Supreme Court fulfils its two fundamental functions, i.e. ensuring of individual rights and also consolidation of judgements and completion of law. It is this balance of two functions which have resulted in issuance of quite a lot of amendments to Civil Procedure Code related to the extraordinary appeal in past, thus it is possible to state that the actually valid legal regulation (in its basic outlines) has been de facto same as of the effectiveness of Act no. 404/2012 Coll. Most of amendments were connected with admissibility of the extraordinary appeal which sets the principles for fulfilment of the Supreme Court functions. Determination of admissibility qualification together with determination of reason for extraordinary appeal mean some of essentials of extraordinary appeal which cause difficulties to...
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Implementation of the SDGs to the Czech Republic - identification of priorities in terms of the Sustainable Development Goals
Černá, Karolína ; Kopečný, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kváča, Vladimír (referee)
The master thesis focuses on the process of implementation of global strategies to the national policy of the Czech Republic. The thesis is a case study. Its subject is global strategy the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Czech strategic framework Czech Republic 2030. The first part of the thesis presents current knowledge of the sustainable development and dealing with global strategies in this field in the Czech Republic. The theoretical background of the own research is a theory of politics network and a theory of global governance. The aim of the thesis is not only to describe and explain the process of implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to the Czech national policy, but also to define roles of groups of actors and to evaluate the participatory approach which was newly chosen for the Czech Republic 2030. The second part of the thesis is focused on the own research which was based on the analysis of relevant documents and semi-structured interviews with eleven experts (representatives of the Public administration, private sector, trade union, academic community and NGOs). One of the main contributions of this thesis is a comparison of the process of creating the Czech strategic framework for sustainable development from 2010 and the new system that was...
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Slums as a result of urbanization of poverty in Africa
Černá, Karolína ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of slums in Africa with a focus on its eastern region. First part presents information on the fundamental aspects of this issue in theory line, when primarily uses foreign publications. It specifically focuses on the influence of post- colonialism, the process of urbanization and the incidence of slums. Second part illustrates the situation on the example of slums in Nairobi and Addis Ababa. Its main purpose is to show the quality of life of local population. Analysis is performed by the three studies; one refers to Nairobi and two Addis Ababa. It also seeks to answer the research questions that are listed at the beginning of this part. Overall results suggest that local people live in very poor conditions which do not provide adequate housing, access to infrastructures and education, and the unemployment rate is very high. Keywords Urbanization, poverty, slums, inequality, capital
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Legal penalties for unfair competition
Černá, Karolína ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Liška, Petr (referee)
Legal Penalties for Unfair Competition As the unfair competition has become the part of business due to the fact that businessmen are trying to achieve the profit, it is necessary to set up legal rules and restrictions to assure the fair competition, i.e. competition without unfairness and negative effect on functionality of the economic competition. The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse legal penalties of unfair competition especially in Czech legal order by means of interpretation of affected legal provisions together with judicature of the Supreme Court and other courts. First part of the thesis concerns theoretical scope of legal concepts concerning the unfair competition. The second chapter deals with active and passive legitimacy of subjects according to the Commercial Code. Both chapters give the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. The core of the diploma thesis is the third and fourth part, whereas the third part concerns the means of protection against unfair competition which are divided into several groups according to the law in which they are regulated (private law, public law divided into administrative and penal law, European law) and focuses on private law with using rich judicature of Czech courts. The fourth part regards specific procedural institutes that are...
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