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Legal responsibility
Pražák, Pavel ; Beran, Karel (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
- Legal responsibilty Pavel Pražák The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the institute of legal responsibility that is very often used in the Czech doctrine and in legal acts. The reason for my research is to clarify the clear content of this term. The thesis is composed of two parts, each of them using a different method. Part One is deductive. It is divided into eight chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines the term "responsibility" according to the common Czech language and clears the terminology used in the thesis. Chapter Two examines mechanisms of Roman law similar to the contemporary legal responsibility. It deals primarily with the institutes of "nexum" and "stipulatio". Chapter Three concentrates on the function and role of legal responsibility in law. It defines its most universal function as well as its concrete roles. Chapter Four is subdivided into four subchapters and provides an outline of relevant Czech doctrinal concepts of legal responsibility, such as the concept of active responsibility or the sanction doctrine. It also deals with the classification of the concepts provided by Josef Macur in the 80's. Chapter Five describes the German doctrine in the field of legal responsibility. It clears the German terminology, deals with the doctrine of "Schuld und Haftung" and...
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Law and Economics and Decision Making Processes in Corporations
Broulík, Jan ; Tryzna, Jan (referee) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
Jan Broulík - Law and Economics and Decision Making Processes in Corporations Abstract The thesis analyses Czech legal regulations concerning decision making in bodies of corporations. For the purposes of this analysis it employs mainly the apparatus of the economic analysis of law. Its basic concepts are also outlined. The author focuses on two kinds of legal entities which are public universities and joint stock companies. The main difference between these two kinds of legal entities, which also impacts the decision-making processes, is the great extent of governmental interventions in public universities. The analysis of legal norms shows how reasons of the economic analysis of law correspond with provisions regulating (i) body elections, (ii) body competence allocation and (iii) the body decision making procedure. The criterion for evaluating the quality of legal norms is effectiveness, meaning an increase of social wealth. The detected imperfections are for example (i) prevailing filling of bodies of universities in accordance with the principle of seniority, rather than according to the management skills of candidates (ii) the impossibility of protection against breach of shareholder's loyalty duty which leads to not passing of a general meeting decision and (iii) the mandatory nature of provisions...
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The Casual Connection as an Element of the Legal Liability
Haščák, Josef ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Beran, Karel (referee) ; Harvánek, Jaromír (referee)
The Casual Connection as an Element of the Legal Liability Abstract of Dissertation The concept of the casual connection is not understood in a uniform manner, although it represents the principal legal institute that enables functioning of the law. However, the nature and purpose of the legal liability in the Czech jurisprudence remains the object of discussions, and this is supported by the fact that the positive legal regulation uses the concept of liability at random. Within the vindicative concept of the legal liability as the secondary legal liability arising as the result of the violation of the primary legal liability, we can discern several basic elements. It is particularly the violation of the legal liability, the negative consequence consisting in the violation of or a threat to the legal values, as well as the casual connection between the wrongful act and the negative consequence. The causal connection is the principal element of the legal liability which represents the objective element whereby a wrongful act may be attributed to a certain subject. Thus, the causal connection transmits the penal liability to the subject concerned. Mostly, it is not difficult to find the element of violation of the legal liability and the negative consequence. However, the situation is more complicated in the...
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Law and Marketing
Šebek, Marcel ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Beran, Karel (referee) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse legal regulations of marketing and advertising in the Czech Republic as well as in the European context and define possibilities of applications of marketing methods and tools in the field of legal services. This is followed by a detailed elaboration for advocacy being the most marketable branch within this field. Based on the analysis of classic marketing mix tools, the aim is to create a set of marketing instruments suitable for the selected field of advocacy services. The thesis takes into consideration particularly strong characteristics of legal services as such. The theoretical part of the thesis is opened by a chapter dealing with the issue of marketing in general. Defining the respective branch and identifying its basic descriptive signs creates a terminology basis for further development of the subject. Special attention is paid to individual key marketing components, the main one being the strategic marketing management and its main variables composed of the following: company mission, company objectives, company strategies and company opportunities. A strategic marketing process, formed by planning, implementation and control stages, is also elaborated. The planning stage is composed of a marketing situational analysis, setting of marketing...
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Abuse of Public Law in Judicial Decisions
Vinčálková, Lucie ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
Abuse of Public Law in Judicial Decisions This thesis discusses the relevance and meaning of the principle of "abuse of law" in Czech public law, and consists of six chapters. A brief opening chapter sets out the aim of the thesis, namely to provide a theoretical analysis of the concept of abuse of law, using conclusions that are established in Czech jurisprudence. The second chapter deals with the substantial rulings of the Czech Supreme Court viewing the abuse of law concept in terms of civil law, because the abuse of law principle came to light firstly in Czech civil law. The prospective enactment of the abuse of law principle in the Czech Civil Code Bill is also mentioned. The third chapter is crucial to this thesis, and reflects the approach of the Czech Supreme Administrative Court (the SAC) to the doctrine of abuse of law. The first Czech ruling in which the concept of the abuse of tax law occurred was Divers, no. 1 Afs 107/2004 - 48. In Divers, the SAC construed a very in-depth argument supporting the applicability of the abuse of law principle to the field of taxation (which is part of public law). Then the process during which the SAC developed the abuse of law concept in its rulings, including the first application of the Halifax two-stage abuse test is described. The parallel concepts...
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Theoretical considerations on the liability of a sportsman in the Czech legal system (liability of a sportsman in collective sports)
Vondráčková, Liběna ; Beran, Karel (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
Závěrem lze konstatovat, že vytvořit všemi přijatelnou obecnou definici sportu, resp. sportovce, je úkol, který se zatím nikomu nepodařilo úspěšně vyřešit. Existence takové definice má svůj nesporný význam už jen proto, že chceme-li se zabývat "právní odpovědností sportovce", je třeba nejprve vymezit okruh osob, jichž především se předestřené úvahy týkají. Skrze historický vývoj jsem se v kapitole druhé pokusila naznačit rozsah sportovní činnosti, která je z hlediska požadavku jednotné obecné definice díky svému fenomenálnímu rozměru velice těžko uchopitelná. K významu této definice se pak znovu vracím v kapitole čtvrté v rámci vymezení subjektu odpovědnostních vztahů. Mnou zvolená definice je jistě jen jedna z mnoha možných a neklade si nárok na její bezvýhradné přijetí. Kapitola třetí je věnována exkurzi do historie, kde se vracím až na samotný počátek evropské civilizace, tj. do období antických Řeků a Římanů. Platí-li to pro práci jako celek, tak pro tuto kapitolu dvojnásob, totiž že s ohledem na limitovaný rozsah nemůže obsáhnout zkoumanou látku komplexně. Vedle zajímavého odkazu středověku v oblasti hodnocení sportovních úrazů je tedy věnována pozornost toliko pouze Antice. Nikoli však neprávem, neboť zde můžeme nalézt velmi inspirativní a obdivuhodně nadčasové myšlenky použitelné i ve 21. století....
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Philosophical, theoretical and practical aspects of the legal regulation of doping
Jiřištová, Zuzana ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
70 Resumé Philosophical, Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Legal Regulation of Doping Doping in sport is a topic that is not thoroughly explored in the Czech legal environment. This thesis will attempt to remedy this gap in two steps. First, it will summarize the status quo with regards to doping, its definition, its history and the current state of regulation. Second, it will propose a solution to the question of whether, why and how should be the doping regulated. The text is divided in six chapters, the first four focussed on the world of doping today and the last two on proposing a solution. The first chapter introduces the problems of elite sport and the use of performance enhancing substances. This is followed by a brief excursus into relationship between the law and sport with a focus on the world of global law. The third chapter covers the history of doping, providing definitions of the doping and briefly explaining the physiological impact of performance enhancing substances. The fourth chapter presents a snapshot of the current regulation in international, European and Czech law, as well as in 'sports rules' imposed by private organisations. The fifth and sixth chapters together propose a solution. The fifth chapter identifies and defines the two possible approaches to regulation, zero...
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