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A Review of Relevant Regulations, Requirements and Assessment Methods Concerning Physical Load in Workplaces in the Slovak Republic
Makovicka Osvaldova, Linda ; Sventekova, Eva ; Maly, Stanislav ; Dlugos, Ivan
This review brings an overview of the Slovak regulations concerning occupational safety and health at work (OSH) primarily considering the parameter of physical load. In addition to regulations, this article focuses on particular requirements at workplaces with an increased physical load and describes the permissible values of the physical load (see tables). Attention is given to assessing the working posture and handling of loads. The main purpose of the evaluation is to determine the parameters of physical load, which is the first important step in the process of health risk assessment. Based on the physical load assessment and the categorization of tasks for the physical load factor in the Slovak Republic, further steps and measures should be taken to improve working conditions, to reduce the workload, number of health problems, fatigue, and ultimately to prevent accidents at work and work-related musculoskeletal diseases.
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Spectral Indices as a Tool for Hop Growth Evaluation
Seidlová, Jana ; Procházka, Pavel ; Kumhálová, Jitka
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to monitor crop growth is nowadays a common non-invasive way how to obtain information on the current state of crops. Spectral indices derived from multispectral images obtained in the right growth stage can then serve as a good data source for agro-technical interventions and yield estimation. Hop belongs among the crops where it is possible to scan the individual growth parameters very exactly. In the year 2021, significant precipitation amounts were recorded during the growing season, when it turned out that UAVs are a very powerful tool for determining the quality of production or quantification of vegetation damage compared to the previous year (2020). It was found that the common spectral indices were possible to use for calculation leaf area, structure, vigor and chlorophyll content of hop gardens.
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The issue of access to land and buildings within field works of environmental projects implemented in the public interest
Suchánek, Zdeněk
Various field activities are also carried out in the public interest, which concerns a few natural science disciplines. In environmental fields, on-site observation or sampling is the basic tool for collecting information, which is usually processed into records of registration databases. In the case of the contaminated site inventory project, the right to visit sites and collect information on site is not specified by law in the Czech Republic. On the contrary, the field worker must respect the legal requirements regarding the protection of property, privacy, and the processing of personal data. In the National Inventory of Contaminated Sites (NIKM) project, a field verification of conditions at known or suspected sites was one of the basic methods of updating and supplementing the registry database of contaminated sites. About 30,000 locations were included in the field verification. The project NIKM was completed by the end of 2021. Subsequently, in the presented case study, we evaluated the extent and types of problems that were associated with site visits and analyzed the reasons for not examining them "in situ". Since the entry of non-visiting and/or non-reconnaissance of the site cannot be completed in a separate section in the Contaminated Sites Registration System (SEKM) and sice there is no prescribed or required exact statement that could be used as a search / filtering parameter, a full-text search in tabular exports in EXCEL format was used for database analyses, according to various relevant statements, words, and parts of words. In the NIKM project, the share of 317 cases of non-visiting the location was only 1.1% of the total number of approved (evaluated and excluded) locations, and the share of 171 unvisited evaluated locations from the number of evaluated locations was 1.7%. At the same time, the number of 171 evaluated locations represents only 0.6% of all approved locations. These are values that can be considered acceptable from the point of view of the quality of the records of the entire SEKM3 database.
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Hydrogeological and hydrological data contained in records of contaminated sites in the SEKM database
Tylčer, Jiří ; Suchánek, Zdeněk
As of May 2022, approximately 10,200 contaminated and potentially contaminated sites are registered in the database of the Contaminated Sites Registration System (SEKM) updated by the National Inventory of Contaminated Sites project (NIKM, 2018-2021). Each structured record of such site contains a number of hydrogeological and hydrological characteristics, which serve primarily to assess the possibility of contamination migration. The most important synthetic parameter of the hydrogeological and hydrological conditions at the site is the "Possibility of migration of contamination". The basis for the assessment is the assignment of the site to one of the five groups of types of hydrogeological structures of contaminated sites. For the set of localities of the highest priority category A, we demonstrate statistical data on the occurrence of the monitored "hydro" parameters, broken down by five types of migration options, for each subcategory A1, A2 and A3. The summary map of the territory of the Czech Republic shows the location of 451 subject contaminated sites of priority category A.
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Effectiveness of the use of clues of contaminated sites obtained by remote sensing for the National Inventory of Contaminated Sites
Suchánek, Zdeněk ; Řeřicha, Jaroslav
The National Inventory of Contaminated Sites (NIKM) project was aimed to fill the database of the Contaminated Sites Register (SEKM) with approximately 9053 updated and validated records with evaluated priority, taking into account the risk from the point of view of life and health of the population and the environment. We expect the number of records to be approximately 10100. Thousands of contaminated and potentially contaminated sites (KM / PKM) entered in the SEKM register are also waste management sites. The article focuses on the possibility of using information from the inventory for waste management. The initial project task implemented in the years 2018–2019 concerned the mapping of KM / PKM clues by remote sensing (RS) methods. The mapping provided a wealth of insights into the territorial distribution of clues. Using remote sensing methods, a significant part (approx. 18%) was obtained from the total number of approx. 10100 evaluated sites registered in SEKM. 48.5% of all records of evaluated localities arising from clues come from the group of types of clues determined using remote sensing methods and related to municipal waste (types of clues c, p, l, r). The use of remote sensing methods, such as the interpretation of orthophotomaps, can be a significant benefit for the performance of public administration in the field of spatial planning and environmental protection. Today, SEKM is a complete public database of the Ministry of the Environment that can be used by the professional and general public. Many of information contained in it can be used for the issue of waste disposal on the surface.
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Old municipal waste landfills inventoried in the Contaminated Sites Registration System
Suchánek, Zdeněk ; Řeřicha, Jaroslav
The database of the Contaminated Sites Registration System, filled in at the end of 2021 as part of the National Inventory of Contaminated Sites for the number of 10,134 records of assessed contaminated and potentially contaminated sites, contains, amongst other data, 4,619 sites registered as a “Solid Municipal Waste Landfill” type. This part of the database, together with additional information sources, was analysed in terms of parameters such as landfilling duration, landfill closure date, landfill size (area), location (territorial representativeness), state of knowledge about the landfill, and its risk and time urgency for possible corrective measures. We interpreted the obtained historical and current data on old municipal waste landfills and used them for the preparation of criteria for multi-criteria selection of the main types of old landfills and the selection of specific sites for sampling and technical works, to be done within the subsequent research project. The selection of landfills for sampling will be representative in the case of old municipal waste landfills, which are located in the South Bohemian, South Moravian, Central Bohemian and Vysočina regions. They should have an area of more than 100 m2, be of categories P and A, not having any set corrective measures, with an absence of the financing of remedial measures, be landfilled between 5 to 55 years and their landfilling activities having been terminated in the 1990s.
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Persistent water pollutants: case of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in the Czech Republic
Prášek, Jan ; Šauer, Petr ; Keprtová, Karolína
Reuse and recycling of products composed of natural matter is relatively without significant environmental problems. However, recycling of products produced using modern synthetic technologies often brings new challenges. Our analysis has shown that substitution of citric acid with artificial substance of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid causes important environmental problems. The case study carried out in the Elbe river basin shows that the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid concentration standard has been exceeded, particularly from confluence of the Vltava and Elbe rivers. Open questions and tasks for future technological development and environmental policies are formulated, particularly the idea to replace artificial substances with nature-based ones. This would enable better introduction of circular economy ideas in the use of resources.
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Terminologie z problematiky kontaminovaných míst
Suchánek, Zdeněk
rojektem NIKM – 2. etapa (2019–2021), spolufinancovaným z Fondu soudržnosti EU v rámci OPŽP, bude databáze Systému evidence kontaminovaných míst (SEKM) naplněna aktualizovanými a validovanými záznamy s vyhodnocenou prioritou zohledňující rizikovost z pohledu života a zdraví obyvatel a životního prostředí. Z předpokládaného počtu cca 9 000 záznamů je jich dnes v databázi zapsáno 6 000 validovaných. Pokud má být jeden z cílů NIKM naplnění databáze pouze záznamy s vyhodnocenou prioritou a tím umožnění práce se všemi validními daty, je nejvyšší čas připravit odbornou veřejnost na intenzivní využívání databáze SEKM. Pro tuto přípravu nabízíme seznámení se s částečně heterogenní sestavou pojmů používaných v problematice kontaminovaných míst a sanačních prací.
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Methods of landfill gas treatment in landfills in integrated prevention system
Keprtová, Karolína ; Kolář, Jan
The article focuses on the issue of landfill gas man-agement in landfills, which are within the scope of Act No. 76/2002 Coll., on integrated prevention. Al-though landfilling as a way of disposing of municipal waste is in decline, the subsequent care of landfills will continue for another decade after their closure, and landfill gas must be captured even then. The article summarizes infor-mation on the method of landfill gas management ob-tained through the information system of integrated pre-vention as well as the rules for landfill gas management according to the valid Czech technical standards. Accord-ing to data obtained from the public database of the inte-grated prevention system, 136 relevant landfills were identified. The application of a cogeneration has the larg-est share in the way of landfill gas management. If a co-generation unit is installed at the landfill, it is in most cases operated by a company other than the landfill oper-ator. It was also found that the region with the lowest population density has the largest number of landfills with low capacity. Due to the fact that the production of landfill gas decreases over time, it is possible that there will be changes in the way landfill gas is handled at indi-vidual landfills.
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