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The energetic use possibilities of wood from apple tree pruning and some other
Usťak, Sergej ; Šinko, Jan ; Honzík, Roman
The objective of this methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, manufacturers of shaped solid biofuels, operators of boilers using biofuels, workers in research and agricultural education, and to all others interested persons in growing and processing agricultural biomass as a renewable source of raw materials and energy, the basic information about the energetic use of wood from apple tree pruning and some other fruit woods. Applying of this methodology in practice can provide environmentally acceptable and economically effective use of such wood waste. At the introduction, this work provides a basic overview of literary information on relevant issues. Furthermore, the methodology describes own outcomes obtained during the research project usable in practice and provides chemical, energetic and economic evaluation. At the conclusion is presented a summary assessment of the achieved outcomes and a general recommendation for practice.
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Preservative for ensilage of excessively dry plants intended for biogas
Usťak, Sergej ; Jambor, Václav
The methodology objective is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, operators of agricultural biogas plants, workers in research and agricultural education as well as all other interested parties on agricultural biomass cropping and processing as a renewable source of raw materials and energy, the basic information about a new preservative for ensilage of excessively dry plants intended for biogas production. The publication reports on the development and testing of a new preservative for phytomass ensilage destined for biogas production, especially of excessively dry plants. Its use in practice can provide a cost-effective reduction of organic dry matter losses, increase silage quality and also increase the production of biogas.
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Preservative for ensilage of excessively wet plants intended for biogas
Usťak, Sergej ; Muňoz, Jakub ; Jambor, Václav
The methodology objective is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, operators of agricultural biogas plants, workers in research and agricultural education as well as all other interested parties on agricultural biomass cropping and processing as a renewable source of raw materials and energy, the basic information about a new preservative for ensilage of excessively wet plants intended for biogas production. The publication reports on the development and testing of a new preservative for phytomass ensilage destined for biogas production, especially of excessively wet plants. Its use in practice can provide a cost-effective reduction of organic wet matter losses, increase silage quality and also increase the production of biogas.
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The methodology of the proper way of storing manure on agricurtural land
Svoboda, Pavel ; Wollnerová, Jana
The proposed methodology describes a complete manual to the correct storage of farmyard manure on agricultural land before its application. The publication notes a practical approach to storage farmyard manure on agricultural land from the selection of suitable disposal site through ongoing treatment of deposited manure to agricultural measures that are suitable implement in the disposal site after the distribution of farmyard manure on fields. In the methodology are also given legislative measures that impose conditions for storing farmyard manure on farmland. All the measures are clearly described that are aimed at maintaining the quality of stored farmyard manure and reduction of the risk of environmental pollution, especially of surface and ground waters. Special attention is paid to measures for storage of farmyard manure in vulnerable zones identified in the action program of the Nitrates Directive. For selecting a suitable place to storing farmyard manure are available in the methodology detailed instructions, with the help of data in the registry of soil LPIS at web site Portál farmáře. The model of the required emergency plan or supplement of the plan is also given in the methodology.
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Methodology of using molecular markers for detection of resistance genes to wheat rusts, powdery mildew and eyspot, and dwarfing genes of wheat
Sumíková, Taťána ; Dumalasová, Veronika ; Trávníčková, Martina
The aim of the publication is to summarize detailed protocols for detection of following resistance genes to wheat rusts, powdery mildew and eyspot (Lr10, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26+Sr31+Yr9+Pm8, Lr28, Lr34+Yr18, Lr37+Yr17+Sr38, Pch1), and dwarfing genes of wheat (Rht-B1 a Rht-D1) using molecular markers based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protocoles are reliable optimized for routine use in a common laboratory with basic equipment needed for PCR.
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The sampling methodology for GM plants unintentionally present in the environment
Ovesná, Jaroslava ; Kučera, Ladislav ; Sovová, Tereza ; Mitrová, Katarína ; Pouchová, Vladimíra
In this methodology, sampling of plants from agricultural crops(corn, soybean, canola and potato) is defined to assess the presence of unauthorized GM plants in the environment.The methodology is applied mainly in the field of inspection controls of the compliance with Act no.78/2004. The sampling and collected samples must represent to a maximum extent the crops of the controlled part of the field (land parcel or land parcel portion). The basic applications of the methodology include:(a) low portion of unauthorized GM plants(seed contaminated with GM plants unauthorized for cultivation), (b) monitoring of the presence of unauthorized GM plants on land parcel, where there was such an occurence recorded in previous years (for example, plants growing on the field from seeds or tubers from the so called "soil´s seed bank").
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Wheat streak mosaic virus: an important disease in cereal crops
Kumar, Jiban ; Slavíková, Lucie ; Chalupníková, Jana
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes serious disease in cereal crops, particularly in wheat. The main symptoms caused by WSMV include chlorotic streak mosaic on leaf, which become necrotic and gradually dry form the top of the leaf. In severe infection plant stunting and spike become sterile. WSMV is transmitted by cereal curl mite Aceria tosichella, and in low level (up to 1.5%) also transmitted by seeds. WSMV was detected in first time in the former Czechoslovakia in early eighties. The incidence of the virus in recent years is growing in the Czech Republic and even severe occurrence and wide distribution in some wheat fields in different regions of the country was determinated. This methodology put together recent knowledge of WSMV and its vector, including the incidence and possibilities of control cereal crops against the virus.
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Methodological guidance for management in vulnerable zones
Klír, Jan ; Kozlovská, Lada ; Haberle, Jan ; Mühlbachová, Gabriela
The methodology describes measures for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in vulnerable zones of the Czech Republic. The methodology clearly describes individual requirements of the 4th Action Programme of the Nitrates Directive for the period 2016–2020 as adapted by CR government for reduction of nitrogen losses by nitrates leaching into surface water and groundwater, reduction of surface water eutrophication and reduction of nitrates transmission to the neighboring countries in waters flowing from the territory of the Czech Republic. The aim is to reduce water pollution from nitrogen compounds from agricultural sources into the aquatic environment, the results of which are such as to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and to aquatic ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with other legitimate uses of water. The publication also includes links to selected technical publications and related legislation.
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Management principles for waters protection against pollution by nitrates
Klír, Jan ; Kozlovská, Lada
The methodology summarizes the codes of good agricultural practices for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. The requirements contributing to reduction of nitrogen losses as exclusion of nitrogen fertilization during unsuitable periods, on flooded, frozen or snow covered soils are concisely described. Further, the recommendations for management of sloping fields, in proximity of surface waters and the principles of fertilizer use respecting soil-climate conditions, nitrogen demand by crops and soil nutritional status are given. Explanation of basic technical terms and references of relevant publications and legislative norms are supplied.
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