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The Relationship between Purpose and Means in Philosophy and Politics
Bednář, Miloslav
Bednář confronts Machiavelli's understanding of the relationship between purpose and means in politics to Plato's concept of it as presented in the dialogue Gorgias and with current attempts to justify Machiavelli's concept of politics. Machiavelli's voluntaristic outline of politics and the resulting manipulative populism is neither democratism, nor a republican non-domination.
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Natural or Artificial Intelligence?
Havlík, Vladimír
The distinction between natural and artificial is the basic question which fundamentally affects other considerations and conclusions connected with artificial intelligence. The article deals with few examples of natural-artificial distinction in the philosophy of science and then discuss what results from it for the problem of intelligence. On the basis of Dennett’s conception of intentionality it tries to show that besides the traditional conception there is another perspective in which the natural-artificial distinction disappears.
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Tension between Capitalism and Democracy
Brabec, Martin
In my article I focus on features producing tension betwen democracy and capitalism. First, I show contradictions betwen personal and private rights and present the ways in which these contradictions have been eliminated during history. Next, I focus on how in capitalism powers relations penetrate various social spheres and squeeze democratic decision. Consequently, in capitalism there arise areas where power is not accountable and the voice of the people is silent in spite of the fact that decisions concerning the people are made there.
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Value Background of Bioethics
Drozenová, Wendy
The paper deals with the concept of bioethics: a discipline emerging from the results of natural science and leading inevitably to philosophical questions. The other part of the paper results into the issue doctor- patient relation.
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Ernst Mach and Evolutionary Conception of Science
Havlík, Vladimír
Mach's evolutionary conception of science is often neglected and did not received sufficient attention in the course of interpretation of his work. This article aims to emphasize such aspects of Mach's philosophy of science as his evolutionary epistemology, biological function of science, variable and historical character of all theorizing, theory laden character of observation and holism. All these aspects show that biological motives are substantial for Mach’s conception and that from this perspective it could be understood as a compact and logically interconnected system. This view suggests a more adequate interpretation of Mach‘s work and through the evolutional perspective understand him much more consistently.
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Technology Assessment as Applied Ethics of Technology
Machleidt, Petr
Practices that characterize Technology Asessment have recently experienced a new renaissance within the European area. An example is the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme titled PACITA (Parliaments and Civil Society in Technology Assessment). An important role for TA in the Czech Republic is to create conditions for gaining public acceptance of technological development. If the Czech Republic wants succeed in the future, it has to create an environment that is „friendly“ to technologies. Many of the ethics issues in technology are linked with the interface of science and ethics, environmental ethics and/or medical ethics.
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Two Modes of Attentiveness: Toyen
Koblížek, Tomáš
The essay deals with Teraza Bredečková's screenplay for the film Toyen which was directed in 2005 by Jan Němec.The screenplay presents an image of artist's sensibility which can be observed in two interweaving thematic lines: as the sensibility to the world of senses and as the "ethical" sensibility. The author of the essay also focuses on the fact that these motives can be observed only if we ignore the narrative form of the text.
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