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De mutacionibus aeris. The roots, traditions and development of the learned medieval weather forecasting, including the reception in the Czech manuscripts
Kocánová, Barbora ; Spunar, Pavel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Lucie (referee) ; Krmíčková, Helena (referee)
The dissertation work examines the roots and development of the medieval learned weather forecasting in the context of ancient and medieval sources and its reception in the central European space, respectively in medieval Bohemia. The work can thus enrich our knowledge of history of natural sciences in the Middle Ages, medieval erudition and written culture in general. At present weather forecasting is a subject of meteorology, based on the analysis of air pressure, temperature and air density and the physiological conditions of the Earth's surface. A detailed analysis of these factors was practically infeasible in the past. Therefore weather forecasting was achieved by means of other methods and premises. We would also hardly find texts concerning weather forecasting between manuscript treatises on the origin and nature of meteorological phenomena: these surprisingly contain a minimum of weather forecast references. At that time weather forecasting was not a part of meteorology; it was the subject of other treatises appearing in the manuscripts frequently entitled De pluviis. These were primarily based on other tradition, respectively on other traditions that were different from that of Aristotle. The aim of the dissertation is to discover and to bring together the various traditions which formed...
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An Annotated translation of chapter 4 entitled "Laurence Sterne" from the book "The English novel: an introduction" by Terry Eagleton. (Eagleton, T. (2013). The English novel: an introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 4. Wiley E-books.)
Schwarz, Šimon ; Brotánková, Šárka (advisor) ; Šťastná, Zuzana (referee)
The practical portion of this bachelor's thesis is a translation of the chapter "Laurence Sterne" form Terry Eagleton's book The English Novel: An Introduction from English to Czech. The theoretical part is concerned with analyzing the original text stylistically and with the categorization of the translation shifts that occurred in the translation. In terms of stylistic analysis, the text is an example of English essayistic style, relying on the authority of the author rather than scientific sources, utilizing humor, creative and expressive language and having a tendency to make authoritative statements. In terms of lexis, the text utilizes expressive language, but also, as the text is still scientific to a degree, it makes use of scientific terms, particularly from the area of literary theory. The syntactic structure of the text is largely simple. All the aforementioned aspects of the text needed to be present in the translation as well. At the same time, the translation has to work with the reality that Czech readers will likely be less aware of Laurence Sterne and his work. As such I had to localize certain aspects of the original text to make the translation more reader-friendly. Nevertheless, this tendency had to be minimized, due to the scientific and didactic nature of the text changing the...
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An annotated translation of the Preface, Overture and the first chapter from Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution by Neil deGrasse Tyson and Donald Goldsmith. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004.
Brom, Ondřej ; Brotánková, Šárka (advisor) ; Kalivodová, Eva (referee)
This thesis is divided into two part: a translation of the chosen source text from English into Czech and a commentary on the translation. The source text is the Preface, Overture and the first chapter of the popular science book Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution published by W. W. Norton & Company and written by Neil deGrasse Tyson and Donald Goldsmith. The chosen excerpt of the source text is concerned with humanity's stance towards science and cosmos followed by the first phases of the formation of the universe. The commentary is concerned with an analysis of the source text, the methods of translation, and translation issues and shifts. Key Words: the origin of the universe, science, evolution, translation, commentary, translation problems and shifts
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Text authorship classification with unknown authors
Dolník, Karel ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Mírovský, Jiří (referee)
Statistical and computational authorship attribution is a widely researched topic in literary science, but few works deal with solving the problem when the classified text does not belong to any of the authors the model saw during training. This work seeks a way to detect such an unknown author using machine learning methods commonly used for authorship attribution, especially the SVM classifier. He we introduce a modified One-versus-Rest-and-None classification scheme, which extends the One-versus-Rest scheme by training with data that does not belong to any classified author. This can be done using synthetically produced data or data from authors who are certain to have no connection to the classified texts. It turned out that the smallest decrease in accuracy occurred when synthetic data is used, compared to the classification without detection of an unknown author.
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Impact of European Central Bank and Federal Reserve System statements on cryptocurrency markets via sentiment analysis
Krejcar, Vilém ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (advisor) ; Čech, František (referee)
This study explores the impact of public statements from major central banks, specifically the FED and the ECB, on Bitcoin volatility from 2018 to 2021. Utilizing high-frequency data, we computed Bitcoin's volatility and extracted sentiment scores from the central banks' communications using two methods: the FinBERT language model and the state-of-the-art Generative AI GPT-4 model with tailored prompt. The GPT-4 model, capturing more nuanced senti- ment from text, was deemed superior. Our analysis involved comparing various models, with the HAR model emerging as the most e ective for this study. The research findings are particularly significant: negative sentiment from the ECB during the pandemic was associated with immediate and significant increases in Bitcoin volatility, indicating a market reaction of caution when faced with negative emission. These findings highlight the significant impact of central bank sentiment on Bitcoin volatility, confirming the initial hypothesis of this research. Additionally, the results provide a motivation to incorporate Genera- tive Artificial Intelligence into academic research as a tool for uncovering novel insights. JEL Classification C32, C55, C58, E58, G15 Keywords central banks, sentiment analysis, volatility, Bit- coin, GenAI, HAR, FED, ECB Title Impact of European...
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Algae and cyanobacteria in the context of sustainable development
Shevchuk, Anastasiya ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Šturma, Jan (referee)
The subject of the thesis is the potential of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria and its research at the ALGATECH Center, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the potential uses of algae and cyanobacteria, including situating the potential within the context of sustainable development. Furthermore, concepts such as science and research, normal and post-normal science, basic and applied research are defined. To understand the issues, key factors influencing science in the Czech environment are also illuminated. The aim of this qualitative research is to gain insight into the research and cultivation of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. To thoroughly understand the complexity of the issue, the thesis poses additional research questions concerning factors influencing the cultivation and research of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. These questions are answered through data collection via semi-structured interviews and documents. The collected data are sorted and analyzed using framework analysis. Keywords: microscopic algae, cyanobacteria, science, research, basic research, applied research, sustainable development, fluid science.
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The possibilities of a joint matrimonial testament in the Czech, Austrian and German legal systems
Jakoubek, Lukáš ; Zvára, Michael (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
The possibilities of a joint matrimonial testament in the Czech, Austrian and German legal systems Abstract The institute of a joint testament of spouses is not included in the Czech legal system, although the closest legal regulation that is the inspiration for our codification, i.e. the German regulation (BGB) and the Austrian regulation (ABGB), include this institute. The thesis relies mainly on commentary and specialist literature in the German language, due to the frequency of use of the institution of joint matrimonial testament in the Federal Republic of Germany, the sources related to the regulation under this legal system prevail. The author aims to answer the question of whether the Czech legislation should be inspired by foreign legislation and allow for joint matrimonial wills following the example of Austrian or German legislation. This institution's use depends on the quality and clarity of the legal regulation, which, as the sources show, is significantly higher in the German legal regulation. The adoption of the Austrian legal regulations, which are neither sufficiently comprehensive nor understandable to the general public, would probably bring an institution that is not used in practice into the Czech legal system. On the other hand, the adoption of a complex regulation based on the model...
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Recognition of isolated words
Ondruška, Jiří ; Švrček, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Human speech recognition in biometric systems is an actual problem, which science intensively deals with. One of most used methods is the method of hidden Markovov’s models. Attention in isolated words recognition is focused on characteristic speech signal parameters obtaining, enabling most clear identification due to hiddem Markov model application. This work concentrates on biometric systems, its methods, and then is focused on isolated words recognition problems. The hidden Markov model recognition system with usage of some Matlab functions is designed. Concept focuses on characteristic speech signal parameters obtaining, code book making through vector quantization, words model training and finally probability of concrete model and obtained word similarity evaluation. Ratio for one speaker's spoken words recognition reaches 40%.
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