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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Development of sensitive determination of diclofenac using fluorescent properties of complexes with cyclodextrins
Pekařová, Ivana ; Sklenářová, Hana (advisor) ; Chocholouš, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of analytical chemistry Candidate: Ivana Pekařová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Hana Sklenářová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Development of sensitive determination of diclofenac using fluorescent properties of complexes with cyclodextrins This experimental thesis deals with the development of a sensitive determination using the formation and detection of a complex consisting of an active substance and cyclodextrin (CD) using sequential injection analysis (SIA). A spectrofluorometer was used for subsequent detection. The tested biologically active substance was diclofenac in the form of sodium salt. In the beginning the conditions for setting the spectrofluorometer, namely the appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths, which were 364,5 and 290 nm, slit size and detection sensitivity were found. After that, 13 CDs were used in order to find the appropriate type and ratio of CD with diclofenac so that the measured fluorescence intensity differs from the intensity of CD alone. This testing divided the CDs into 4 groups. When testing the stability of selected complexes, the increase or decrease in fluorescence intensity over time was monitored to ensure the formation of complexes with CD. SIA was used to automate the determination,...
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Impact of selected probiotic bacteria on juvenile host growth in gnotobiotic mouse model
Drgoňová, Veronika ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Veronika Drgoňová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Martin Schwarzer, Ph.D. Title of diploma: Impact of selected probiotic bacteria on juvenile host growth in gnotobiotic mouse model This thesis expands understanding of the ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL bacteria to support the growth of gnotobiotic hosts in models of chronic malnutrition. It was investigated whether other bacteria also have similar capabilities and whether these traits are species- and strain-specific. Strains of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were tested in a gnotobiotic juvenile mouse model of chronic malnutrition and their impact on the host's somatotropic axis was monitored. Concurrently, it was analysed how malnutrition affects the bacteria in the host's gut and the level of its colonization. Germ-free C57BL/6J mice were mono-colonized via intragastric gavage with the aforementioned bacterial strains. The mice were mated after confirming stable colonization and F1 male offspring were weaned on the 21st day after birth onto an experimental diet with low protein and fat content. Their growth was monitored weekly by...
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How does mycorrhiza protect the plant against phytoparasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita?
Novák, Václav ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee)
The nematode species Meloidogyne incognita is an important plant endoparasite. The infectious developmental stage infects plant roots in the soil to form pathological morphological formations - galls. The most widely used means of protecting crops from nematode infestation are chemical agents, nematocides. However, in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment, emphasis is being placed on finding new, sustainable solutions to combat the parasites. One of these could be to exploit the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), which include increased protection of plants against biotic stresses. This may be due, in addition to improved nutrient availability (especially phosphorus), to the induction of a systemic defence response, or to the interaction of AM fungi with other organisms in the rhizosphere. The main objective of this study was to describe the effect of AM on the resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to root parasite, the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In three containerized greenhouse experiment the following was tested 1) the nutrient conditions for tomato cultivation with mycorrhiza, then 2) the effect of nematodes on growth and nutrient uptake by experimental plants, the interaction between nematodes and AM fungi in the root system, and 3) the effect of root...
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The study of the impact of the mutual interaction of selected antibacterial drugs in vitro on activity against enterococci
Netíková, Nina ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Nina Netíková Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The study of the impact of the mutual interaction of selected antibacterial drugs in vitro on activity against enterococci Background: The point of the experimental part of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of the mutual interaction of two selected, clinically approved antibiotics in combination on two selected bacterial strains of genus Enterococcus. The effect of the combination was evaluated using the FIC index. Based on the calculation of the FIC index, the mutual interaction was further classified as synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic. Methods: To evaluate the interaction of antibacterial drugs in combination, four antibiotics were selected and employed to a pair-wise combinations. The main antibiotic was daptomycin, which was combined with tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin. The effect of pair-wise combinations was monitored against the clinical isolate Enterococcus faecium and against the collection bacterial strain Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Determination of MIC values was performed using the microdilution broth technique according to the EUCAST...
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Mapuche in the 21st century
Nešpůrková, Anna Marie ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
The thesis analyses the issue of Mapuche ethnic identity in the context of the Chilean constitutional process. It analyses the discursive strategies used by selected representatives on Twitter/X using David Snow and Robert Benford's framing concept. The theoretical framework focuses on the definition of ethnic identity, an introduction to the concept of framing and a brief historical and political context. The analytical part of the thesis examines how indigenous leaders and representatives of the right and left parties framed Mapuche ethnic identity during the creation of the new Chilean constitution. The period under study covers the period from 2021, when the first draft of the constitution was drafted, to 2023, when the second constitution-making process took place. The primary source of data is the twitter accounts of the officials under study. Using the concept of framing, the thesis seeks to uncover the key themes, arguments and discursive strategies used by different actors to promote particular understandings of Mapuche identity and rights in the context of constitutional reform.
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Mělník Sokol in the milestones of Bohemia's history in the first half of the 20th century
Zmek, Vojtěch ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Fapšo, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis presents the history of the first half of the 20th century through the development and activities of the Sokol Mělník Physical Education Unit. The thesis will trace and analyse how the key milestones of the last years of the monarchy, the war period, and the emergence of Czechoslovak state were reflected in the organisation and activities of the Sokol, and what influence this association had on the wider region of Mělník, along with other "competing" organisations (Orel, DTJ, S.K. Mělník), and in relation to its national importance. The thesis attempts to capture not only the everyday life of the Sokol with a focus on its practical functioning including property management and association activities, but also exceptional moments such as festivals (preparation for the All-Sokol festival) as well as other social events. Great emphasis is placed on the role of the Sokol as an important state-forming institution and the shifts of this position in connection with the changes in the situation in society. The period under review ends with the last stage of interwar Czechoslovakia, when the republic became a protectorate, representing a violent interruption of the promising activities of the Sokol. Keywords Sokol, Mělník, regional history, Physical Education, Czechoslovakia, 20th...
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Drought stress response of European beech seedlings monitored using physiological and optical indicators.
Červenka, Ondřej ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
One of the manifestations of global climate change is an increase in extreme temperatures and drought waves, while forecasts of future development indicate deepening negative impacts. The effect of these abiotic stress factors is reflected in the physiological state of the vegetation. It is therefore necessary to find suitable stress indicators that will help detect the worsening of physiological state of vegetation in time series. Indicators can be detected not only by physiological methods, but also optical ones, for further use of vegetation monitoring by remote sensing methods. Forest beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a native tree in our context, currently widely used in forestry for planting more species-varied communities of trees that are more resistant to the effects of climate change. The aim of the thesis was to study the responses of beech to drought stress using physiological and optical indicators. Beech seedlings (planting material from the nursery) were placed in containers in the experimental greenhouse for two experimental seasons, water supply was mediated by drip irrigation. The experimental material was divided into three groups with graded irrigation (control, moderate drought and drought). The watering regime consisted of three periods of drought and recovery phases with uniform,...
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Drugs in municipal wastewaters and their removal
Weberová, Kateřina ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Ivana (referee)
This research bachelor's thesis focuses on the occurence of illicit drugs in municipal wastewaters and their removal in wastewater treatment plants. The thesis focuses in detail on four psychoactive substances, which are tetrahydrocannabinol, MDMA, cocaine and methamphetamine, and their most commonly monitored metabolites. The work provides an overview of their presence in the aquatic environment and in wastewaters at the influent to wastewater treatment plants. In surface water, substances are found in concentrations up to hundreds of nanograms per liter. Concentrations of drugs at the influent to wastewater treatment plants normally range from tens to hundreds of nanograms per liter, with increased consumption reaching several thousand nanograms per liter. The thesis also focuses to efficiency of removal of selected psychoactive substances and their main metabolites during different stages of wastewater treatment. The findings indicate that the primary treatment is significant for tetrahydrocannabinol, less so for other substances. Tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites, in contrast to the other investigated substances, are lipophilic and their sorption occurs on the solid phase of wastewater. High concentrations of cannabinoids occur in sewage sludge, where they can persist in lower...
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Avant-garde art in the collection of Boris Gribanov and its significance in the European and wider cultural context
Lukianov, Igor ; Alt, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pětová, Marie (referee)
The aim of this research is to introduce the private art collection of the Russian (Soviet/American) collector Boris Gribanov and analyse the artworks of the Russian avant- garde represented in his collection. The history of the collection will be introduced along with the vicissitudes that the collector went through over the years in his quest to save the artworks. Within the broader historical and political context, this research paper discusses the fate of artworks made by Russian avant-garde artists and the difficulties encountered by collectors who tried to save the artworks of the Russian avant-garde from destruction and oblivion. Using the example of selected key painters from the collection of the collector Gribanov, the research will trace the historical and cultural context of collecting in the Soviet Union and the subsequent fate of paintings abroad. The thesis also deals with the situation of Gribanov's rescued artworks on the international art market and the popularization of the Russian avant-garde in the broader sense of the word. The research could also contribute to the analysis of the current art market and bring additional input for further studies in the field of modern culture, in connection with the collecting of works of art. The research method consists of the study of...
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