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Od trusu k prostřenému ubrusu. Molekulární analýza potravy raka signálního
ŠKRABÁNEK, Jan
This thesis aimed to determine the diet of the signal crayfish in Křesánovský brook in 2020. In addition to that, we aimed to find and test suitable markers for the diet analysis of signal crayfish, which are described in the thesis. We analyzed the crayfish diet by examining DNA from faecal pellet samples collected monthly from April to September. By using group-specific DNA markers, we targeted the main dietary groups such as Heptagenidae (markers Hpt28Sf + Hpt28Sr), Ephemeroptera (Epa28Sf + Epa28Sr), Integripalpia and Spicipalpia (Inspi18Sf + Inspi18Sr), Plecoptera (Ple-gen A269 + Ple-gen S268), Chironomidae (Chiro18Sf + Chiro18Sr), and Gammaridae (Gamae28Sf + Gamae28Sr). We also focused on representatives of macrophytes Characeae (CHA677 + CHA1681R) and Eudicotyledons (MYR152F + MYR1696R). The results showed that the crayfish's diet varied during the sampling season. Gammaridae was the most common food item, found in 54.1% of the samples of faecal pellets. Heptagenidae, Integripalpia, and Spicipalpia were also significant, present in 31.3% of the samples. Plecoptera appeared in 20.8% of the samples, while Chironomidae and Characeae were found in 10.4%. Eudicotyledons were detected in 8.3% of the samples. Ephemeroptera were the least common food group, detected only in 2.1 %. Gammaridae were the most significant component of the crayfish diet in April (found in 7 samples), while Heptagenidae were the second most abundant component. The diet was more diverse in May, but Gammaridae remained the primary food source, followed by Integripalpia and Spicipalpia (in 5 samples). In June, Gammaridae was present in all samples, while Heptagenidae and Integripalpia/Spicipalpia were significant. In July, Heptagenidae was the most common food group (found in 5 samples), with Gammaridae found in 4 samples. No food items were detected in the samples from August and October, and only one sample contained Gammaridae in September. Overall, this study provides insights into both the seasonal variations in the diet of signal crayfish and markers suitable for its analysis.
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Aktivita raka mramorovaného v závislosti na reprodukčním cyklu
MARKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of this thesis was to elaborate a literature review on the topic of crayfish activity, in particular their feeding activity and the use of shelters, including an emphasis on the role of sex and the reproductive cycle. I also focused on the characteristics of the marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017 and its usability as a model organism. The experimental part of the thesis focused on comparing three groups of female marbled crayfish (with ovulum, with glair glands and without ovulum). Experiments have been carried out using a method for ecological assessment of feeding behavior and predator-prey relationship in various prey densities in the form of larvae of buzzer midge Chironomus plumosus (Linnaeus, 1758) by functional response analysis and subsequently tested for the effect of shelter presence at uniform prey densities levels. In our experiment, all three groups of tested females showed a type II functional response typical of predators. The results indicate that females without ovulum have been the most active in terms of food collection in all cases, with a generally positive effect of the presence of shelter. Females with employed ovulum are generally less active in terms of consumption, processing and overall aktivity due to hormonal, physiological and consequently behavioural changes. Females with glair glands behaved similarly to females with ovulum in our experiments, being more cautious and less active than females without ovulum. This was probably due to their increased gonadosomatic index (GSI) and, conversely, their decreased hepatopankreas to total body weight ratio, which renders these females unable to physiologically ingest large amounts of submitted food. Female GSI decreases again after ovulation, nevertheless, even females with already employed ovulum did not consume more food, as females prefer safety at this stage of the reproductive cycle. They are less active, move more slowly, spend more time in a shelter, tend to their eggs, and thus cannot devote themselves fully to hunting and prey processing. Regarding its life strategy, the marbled crayfish is a generally suitable model organism for use in various areas of research, however, it is important to take into account its rapid life and reproductive cycle and adapt the conditions of the given experiments to this fact, as the parallel use of female marbled crayfish at various stages of the reproductive cycle can modulate results in terms of their activity. Certain differences in the presented results may also be due to the origin of the experimental animals, as with very few exceptions all performed experiments with marbled crayfish have been carried out using laboratory individuals. A number of conditions that change seasonally in nature have been kept constant in the laboratory. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that in wild, crayfish are also exposed to both biotic (predation pressure of various species of fish, birds or mammals) and abiotic (changes in temperature and water chemistry) factors that can influence food activity. Nevertheless, we assume that the patterns observed here will also be valid for female crayfish living in the wild nature. However, the lack of similar experiments leading to the elucidation of female activity depending on the stage of the reproductive cycle provides a room to investigate other, not just crayfish species.
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Perception of oncoming vehicle speed
Pršeš, Faruk ; Rak, Martin (referee) ; Bilík, Martin (advisor)
The presented master thesis deals with perception of oncoming vehicle speed. The theoretical part defines basic terminology, types, and categories of motor vehicles. Furthermore, it establishes what effects sensory perception has on estimation of vehicle speed. The practical part focuses on the examination of the measured estimations of moving vehicle where the respondents are seated and the estimations of oncoming vehicle speed according to age, gender, driver’s experience, and type of vehicle. The design, preparation and realization of the experimental measurement is in this part of the thesis. Afterwards, it is followed by an evaluation of the measured data, which gives us a better idea of how precise the witness estimations are at the traffic accident.
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Architecture of a contemporary house in Beskydy
Mrva, Kamil ; Žabičková, Ivana (referee) ; Peřinková, Martina (referee) ; Rak, Milan (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (advisor)
The thesis deals with the issue of architecture of a contemporary single-family house in The Beskydy region. In the introduction of the thesis The Beskydy region as well as the document of the Protected landscape area of Beskydy (Chráněná krajinná oblast - CHKO Beskydy) are described. In recent years the above mentioned topic has been discussed a lot among the architects and designers of the region. Current architecture in the CHKO Beskydy has been stagnating for years due to the fact that in this region quality architecture of a little higher level will always necessarily be in conflict with the devastating policy of the CHKO Beskydy. The objective of the thesis is to specify rules that need to be observed when creating a contemporary single-family house in the Beskydy region. The design as well as the realization of a single-family house in Prostřední Bečva serves to experimentally verify the thesis. This thesis, including the analysis of the obtained data, collecting information, technical examination and authorized expert opinions, has performed as an important part of the engineering process leading to the approval of architectural projects from the institutions of the state administration.
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Computational Analysis Of Dynamic Behaviour Of Journal Bearings
Rak, Vladimír ; Kamenický, Ján (referee) ; Pochylý, František (referee) ; Zapoměl, Jaroslav (referee) ; Malenovský, Eduard (advisor)
This work deals with computational modelling of static and dynamic analyses of journal bearings, with analyses of stability of oil-film motion and analyses of response of the rotor assemblies. At our workplace a new theoretical approach to the modelling of the static and dynamic behaviour of the rigid rotating body in liquid is used. The approach is based on the application of the Navier-Stokes motion eq., equation of continuity and boundary conditions eqs. It is possible to separate the motion of the rigid body and liquid from each other using suitable transformation relations and then it is also possible to separate the stationary and nonstationary motions from each other. A method of control volumes is used for these analyses. The real Bézier body is used for the description of the geometrical configuration and also for the approximation of velocity and pressure functions. Combined the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler) method is used, because it´s necessary to generate a new net (to perform new meshing) for a change of the shaft position. The additional effects of the liquid (additional mass, stiffness and damping), which we solved in dynamic analysis, are the function of the single parameter only – the shaft-centre position. There is a large advantage in comparison with the standard approach, which is based on application of the Reynolds liquid eq. Author solving the models of the long and short journal bearing with different geometry, especially the elliptical and cylindrical bearings, with incompressible and compressible journal bearing liquid. If the journal bearing problem is solved, it is possible to include the additional effect of the liquid to the right side of the motion equation of a model rotor assembly. Author analyze a model rotor assemblies with two degrees of freedom, which is supported inside of the two journal bearings on the ends of the rotor (Jeffcott rotor assembly). Author modelling and solveing a response of the model rotor assembly on the forced steady-state vibrations, which was actuating by the unbalanced matter.
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Business plan - Home Care Service
Bodnárová, Martina ; Rak, Luděk (referee) ; Koleňák, Jiří (advisor)
The first part of the thesis is focused on he theoretical knowledge needed for a high-quality elaboration of business project. The second part of this work is focused on the creation of a business project in the area of health service and domestic nursing. It is concentrated on creating a firm and providing services in the area of health care. The aim of my thesis is to create a high-quality business project for a successful business start.
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Perception of vehicle speed by pedestrian
Rak, Martin ; Semela, Marek (referee) ; Bilík, Martin (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the issue of the perception of speed of a vehicle from pedestrian’s point of view. The theoretical part consists of a research into sense perception of humans and construction of motor vehicles. The practical part designs and describes the experiment which was performed in order to provide data used for analyzing different factors and their effect on the accuracy of vehicle speed estimations.
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Measuring of center of gravity change in SUVs due to weight change
Caha, Antonín ; Rak, Martin (referee) ; Křižák, Michal (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with the measurement of the height position of the centre of gravity of SUVs. The thesis describes the change in the centre of gravity of the car, that was determined as a function of the number of passengers and the effect of the load from the roof box. This work in the research section describes the current state of knowledge of the subject. The other part of the work summarises the methods of measuring the centre of gravity position. The main part of the work contains a detailed description of the results obtained in practical measurements of gravity selected SUVs. Then the results are commented in detail and the conclusion summarized the information obtained from the content of the whole thesis.
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Analysis of the Current State of Power Plant
Rak, Vítek ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This thesis presents the Opatovice nad Labem thermal power station (owned by Elektrárny Opatovice, a.s.), which is a combined heat and power producer employing a cogeneration, an eicient mean of exploiting primary energy resources widely used in heating industry. Firstly, the basic terms of heating industry are introduced along with various designs of heat networks, and the fuels used in the Czech republic are listed. The next part of the thesis analyses the actual state of the Opatovice nad Labem power station. Based on the analysis possibility for better saving of the primary fuel is suggested.
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SCADA/HMI system for stations on leak test
Rak, Jan ; Pásek, Jan (referee) ; Štohl, Radek (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to develop SCADA/HMI system for stations on leak test. The software will be able to communicate with the station via the OCP server, by which the control station and store measured data. For this purpose, it was used more fiber processing, as for the actual communication, as well as to run the program and work with databases to store the results. The resulting program will be placed on the personal computer, which is part of the station to check for leaks.
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