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Political trials of the 1950s: a case study
Svoboda, David ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
81 Political trials of the 1950s - a concrete case study (The Babice Case) Abstract The subject of the thesis "Political Trials of the 1950s - a Specific Case Study", subtitled The Babice Case, was a description of the application of the general tools of political persecution used in the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1950s to the specific case of the shooting at the Babice school and the subsequent political trials. Also significant is the aim of placing the political trials in Czechoslovakia in the context of the times and the international political situation, which played an important role in the Babice case. The first chapter of the thesis formulates the aims of the thesis and the background on which it is based. The second chapter of the thesis describes the significance of the political processes and the general background of their organisation. An important part of Chapter 2 of the thesis is a description of the legal framework for the conduct of political trials, focusing both on substantive aspects, such as the newly defined offences, and on procedural issues, especially the limitations on the rights of the accused. The legal biennium, an initiative aimed at changing the legal system to reflect the needs and ideology of the Communist Party, is also described as a significant phenomenon. The third...
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Stress and burnout syndrome of nurses in pediatric inpatient wards
Rážová, Hana ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Průšová, Kateřina (referee)
Bachelor thesis called "Stress and burnout syndrom of nurses in pediatric inpatient wards" deals with the issue of stressful environment in healthcare, which contributes to the emergence of burnout syndrome. The main goal is to bring to concise overview about stress load and burnout syndrome of nurses working in pediatric inpatient wards and to analyze their access to this issue. Theoretical part of thesis give the reader brief definitions. They are describing informations about stress, self-compassion and for a last, burnout syndrome. All these phenomens are intepreted to nurses work and the way they are influnces their work in healthcare. In empiric part of thesis is brief description of thesis's methodic and results of own research. The method of research is four-parted standardized questionaire, which includes anamnestic questionare, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). This questionare was distribude in Facult hospital in Motol on pediatric inpatient wards. Research includes 107 correctly filled questionaries. From results emerges that 63, 55 % respondents from total file suffers from rate of stress called "Mild stress". The level of self-compassion that most respondents have towards themselves (62, 62 %) is labeled "Medium level"....
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Using the principles of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization in patients with scoliosis
Derflová, Lenka ; Plevová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Weissová, Eliška (referee)
Name: Lenka Derflová Supervisor: Ing. Kristýna Plevová Title: Using the principles of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization in patients with scoliosis Abstract: The bachelor's thesis deals with the problem of idiopathic scoliosis in adults, treatment options and physiotherapeutic approaches with a strong focus on Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS). The bachelor's thesis aims to design a therapeutic unit with elements based on the principles of DNS, application of the unit and subsequent evaluation of the therapeutic procedure and benefits for patients. The theoretical part of the thesis describes scoliosis, its classification, examination and therapeutic options, then the concept of DNS, its principles, application and testing, and finally a special examination focused on scoliosis and the condition of the deep spinal stabilization system (DSSS). The practical part consists of two case studies, including an initial and an output kinesiological examination and a physiotherapeutic intervention. The final comprehensive exit examination after six months of therapy and home exercise shows positive changes in some postural and motor aspects in the patients. The most significant improvements were noted in the areas of DSSS involvement and function, trunk stabilization, postural stability, balance and...
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Molecular mechanism of 14-3-3 protein dependent regulation of caspase-2
Kalábová, Dana ; Obšilová, Veronika (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Jiří (referee) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Molecular mechanism of 14-3-3 protein dependent regulation of caspase-2 Abstract Caspase-2 is a protease standing apically in the cascade of reactions leading to apoptosis. Properly functional apoptosis eliminates damaged cells, autoreactive lymphocytes or redundant groups of cells in ontogeny. The process of caspase-2 activation must be precisely regulated. One of the described ways of caspase-2 regulation causing its inhibition is posttranslational modification phosphorylation with subsequent binding of the regulatory scaffold protein 14-3-3. The aim of this dissertation is to explain the molecular mechanism of this regulation. To understand the interaction between the proteins, it was necessary to first identify the phosphorylation sites in the caspase-2 molecule recognized by the 14-3-3 protein and then describe the detailed structure of the binding complex. The structure was characterized by a number of biochemical and biophysical methods, such as analytical ultracentrifugation, native electrophoresis in TBE buffer, polarization-fluorescence assay, hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry, or crystallization; and the results led to stimulating conclusions. Activation of caspase-2 begins with its binding to adaptor proteins, cleavage and dimerization of the catalytic subunits. The...
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Myofunctional therapeutic concept in patients with dysfunction of orofacial area
Harudová, Kateřina ; Zahrádka Köhlerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kejhová, Eva (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Kateřina Harudová Supervisor: Mgr. Michaela Zahrádka Köhlerová Title: Myofunctional therapy in patients with orofacial disorders Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of myofunctional disorders in the orofacial area and the possibilities of therapy. The work is a case study character and consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part provides an overview of the current knowledge about myofunctional disorders and therapeutic approaches. It covers an anatomy and ontogenetic development of the orofacial area, physiology of speech development, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and possibilities of prevention of myofunctional disorders. The theoretical part also includes an overview of selected therapeutic concepts and part about cooperation with pediatric patients. The practical part demonstrates the use of myofunctional therapeutic concept in the form of case studies of two pediatric patients. A partial goal of the work was create an educational brochure to facilitate self-therapy for parents and their children at home. After studying the literature and applying the concept, it was shown that myofunctional therapy improve muscle tone and motor skills of the lips and tongue, increase tongue muscles strenght, and optimizes resting position of...
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Investigation of the role of the KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant pathway in the therapy of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia
Myšáková, Michaela ; Pimková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Suttnar, Jiří (referee)
The development of therapy resistance is a long-standing problem in treating cancer, particularly in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), where the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine (AZA) is the first choice of treatment. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, AZA is often combined with other agents such as pevonedistat (Pevo), a NEDDylation inhibitor targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. While initial results showed a synergistic effect of the AZA and Pevo combination in treating MDS and AML, dual resistance has been described, underlining the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind the resistance development. Our previous data demonstrated an essential role of redox homeostasis and antioxidant system represented by Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in AZA resistance. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-NRF2 pathway is the master regulator of antioxidative defence in cells crucial for maintaining redox balance. However, hyperactivation of NRF2 has been implicated in therapy resistance and cancer progression. We hypothesised that NRF2 is crucial in MDS/AML therapy resistance, particularly in resistance to combined AZA and Pevo therapy. We worked with cells sensitive and resistant to AZA and Pevo and monitored...
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Mapping of possible sport activities in patients after stroke from the perspective of physiotherapist
Dobeš, Marek ; Kymplová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Bakulová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is dedicated to mapping out physical activities for people with mild disabilities after stroke and their positive effects. At the beginning of the work is described generally stroke, its distribution and aetiology. It also depicts the main areas affected and the associated deficits and factors. The next charter of this general section i also devoted to the ever lower age average of people with CMP formation. Because of the Covid-19 epidemic, several sentences also mention the issue. Subsequently, the Bachelor's thesis is already starting to focus on the topic of CMP- related activity in its icute, subacute and chronic phase. An early rehabilitation plan for patiens after CMP as well as follow-up recommendations for the chronic phase of the disease is briefly described. Based on specific studies examples of sports and exercise activities are written, which can be a benefical addition to both the rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation process. Each activity has her own meaning and brings different benefits, whether of a physical, psychosocial or mental nature. Great importance is also given to strength training and its effect on the human body. Strength aspects and strengthening are on the back side in people who had stroke. With higher strength and muscle endurance, the body's...
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Long term sublethal stress in colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deleted in WHI3
Krampotová, Ester ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dušková, Michala (referee)
The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a suitable model for studying many biological processes, including adaptation to stress conditions. Over the past 40 years, multiple signaling pathways have been uncovered to play an important role in the response to acute stress induced by high temperature, osmotic stress, or high concentrations of metals in S. cerevisiae. The effect of sublethal dose of stressor is rather neglected. The advantage of the WHI3 deletion strain used in this work is its sensitivity to the presence of stressor in the solid medium not only by reducing the growth rate but also by changing the colony morphology. The Whi3 protein stimulates not only flocculin Flo11 production but also the activity of the general transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4. The diploma project aimed to determine whether changes in the expression of genes coding for stress proteins induced by sublethal doses of the stressor were dependent on the genotype WHI3, YAP6, and MPT5. Transcription factor Yap6 and RNA binding protein Mpt5 are both involved in stress response and cause repression of FLO11. Their levels depend on Whi3. To induce mild stress, low concentrations of NaCl and CdSO4 have been applied to colonies for 4 and 6 days. Their genotype varied in the WHI3, YAP6, and MPT5 genes. Our experiments...
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3D analysis of dental and skeletal changes after dental and orthodontic treatment
Nocar, Adam ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Hubálková, Hana (referee) ; Koberová Ivančaková, Romana (referee)
3D analýza dentálních a skeletálních změn po zubní a ortodontické terapii Abstrakt Předkládaná disertační práce popisuje možnost využití 3D analýzy a 3D technologií ve stomatologické a ortodontické praxi. Analýza změn je dále popsána ve dvou konkrétních pracích, a to přesně zabývající se laserově tvrzenými 3D vytištěnými modely v ortodoncii a změnami po laserovém bělení zubů. Cílem první práce je analýza změn po ortodontické terapii z pohledu stability modelů vytištěných stereolitografií (SLA) ve srovnání s tradičními sádrovými odlitky po dobu tří let. Experimentální soubor dat se skládal z 36 ortodontických pacientů, z nichž každý měl modely vytištěné pomocí SLA a sádrové odlitky pro horní i dolní čelist, což vedlo k získání celkem 72 skenů ve formě souborů Standard Template Library (STL) a 72 tradičních otisků. Modely horního zubního oblouku byly zkonstruovány pomocí 3D tiskárny SLA, využívající fialový laserový paprsek o vlnové délce 405 nm ke ztuhnutí tekutého polymeru. Klasické sádrové odlitky byly připraveny v zubní laboratoři. K vyhodnocení rozdílů mezi zubními modely byl použit laboratorní skener k vytvoření virtuálních odlitků. Výsledky z 22 experimentálních souborů dat ukázaly vysokou míru shody mezi sádrovými odlitky a virtuálními povrchy s průměrným absolutním rozdílem 0,018 mm a směrodatnou...
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel disinfectant agents
Veselý, Jan ; Krátký, Martin (advisor) ; Vinšová, Jarmila (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the synthesis and use of new quaternary ammonium salts (QACs). These substances have been commonly used for decades as disinfectants, antiseptics, antimicrobial additives, preservatives, and currently their decontamination potential using micellar catalysis is being investigated. The theoretical part contains information about the mechanism of action on individual types of microbes, an overview of physicochemical properties, especially solubility and determination of logP, micelle formation. Furthermore, microbial resistance and the mechanism of cross-resistance between QACs and antibiotics (ATB) are described here. The experimental part mainly deals with the synthesis of new QACs, which we expect to have an antimicrobial effect and the potential of creating a micellar microenvironment for micellar catalysis. The first series of reactions is focused on the preparation of three molecules of monoquaternary ammonium salts from the starting material benzylamine, to which two homologous aliphatic alkyl chains C8, C10 and C12 and a hydroxyethyl group are attached. This structure is a necessary carrier of the antimicrobial effect and the formation of micelles. All three molecules were successfully prepared. The second series of reactions is focused on the preparation of nine...
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