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The Importance of Assessing Nutritional Status in the Primary Prevention of Geriatric Frailty and Sarcopenia.
Vágnerová, Tereza ; Holcátová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee) ; Bužga, Marek (referee)
Aims: Based on the analysis of SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) data in the Czech Republic, map the current situation in the field of malnutrition and (geriatric) frailty diagnosis in primary care. To describe the prevalence of frailty and related nutritional disorders, including the factors influencing their occurrence in the Czech population 50+ and to assess lifestyle factors (physical activity and dietary habits) and awareness of this population of possible available intervention strategies for the above described diseases. Methods: The analysis included the results of the CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) primary questionnaire common to all participating countries and the National Written Questionnaire developed exclusively for the Czech Republic. For the National Written Questionnaire I designed a special module D, "Nutrition" summarizing questions related to dietary habits, nutritional care and nutritional literacy. Standardly used and validated scales and dg. criteria (SHARE FIt, SHARE FIx, FRAIL Scale, MST, GLIM criteria, BMI and hand-grip test) were used to assess the prevalence of frailty, malnutrition, obesity and sarcopenic obesity, which are not part of the CAPI primary questionnaire assessment. Modified scales of the EURO-D score, Beck Anxiety...
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Spectrum of patients in the nutritional clinic in Prostějov
Šuhajová, Klára ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Petřeková, Karin (referee)
Introduction: A dietitian in the outpatient clinic provides comprehensive nutritional care in the field of medical nutrition to children and adults. The role of a dietitian has a wide scope, the goal of which is to provide individual nutritional care to patients based on nutritional diagnoses. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to form a detailed analysis of the spectrum of patients from the nutritional therapy clinic according to medical diagnoses and requirements for nutritional care. The second goal is to evaluate the effect of nutritional intervention in overweight and obese patients, to summarize the effect of associated comorbidities, to evaluate the effect of good cooperation between a dietitian and a patient according to criteria. Methodology: The research part of the work is carried out in the nutrition clinic of the Medicom's medical facility in Prostějov during the years 2022-2023. A total of 252 patients were selected for the research, with the largest number of 59,9 % being women, 28,2 % men and 11,9 % children. Patients between the ages of 31-59 have the largest representation. Of the 252 patients, 78 (31 %) patients met the criteria for secondary endpoint evaluation. Based on the set goals, research questions and hypotheses are created, and the data obtained are...
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Nutrition in endometriosis
Zagrebelná, Valerie ; Hudeková, Lucia (advisor) ; Hlinecká, Kristýna (referee)
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological estrogen-dependent disease affecting women of reproductive age. The disease is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations, especially in the small pelvis, on the ovaries, peritoneum, rectovaginal septum and bowel. However, any organ except the heart and spleen can be affected by endometriosis. The presence of the endometrium outside the uterus gives rise to inflammatory deposits - endometriomas. These deposits, like the endometrium in the uterus, undergo changes during menstruation. However, unlike the endometrium in the uterus, this endometrium in ectopic sites has no way to leave the body, resulting in aseptic inflammation, scar formation, adhesions and subsequent painful adhesions. Typical symptoms of endometriosis include dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia and dysuria. The main clinical symptoms are chronic pelvic pain and infertility. However, endometriosis can also occur asymptomatically. Endometriosis can be divided into four subtypes according to the localization - peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis. The aim of this study was to find out whether there is any food or food group that relieves or worsens the difficulties associated with endometriosis...
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Nutritional specifics in hospice care
Macinauerová, Romana ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Holubová, Barbora (referee)
Palliative care is an approach focused on improving or maintaining quality of life for patients and their families who suffer from terminal illness in an advanced stage. Hospices are most commonly associated with palliative care, where hospitalized patients are expected to live less than six months. The aim of this work is to introduce the issue of palliative care and the nutritional approach in hospices from a nutritional therapist's perspective. The theoretical part is focused on the general issues of palliative care and its division. It presents the needs and life values of patients and their families, introduces the issue of nutrition and hydration in the terminal phase of the disease, possible interventions and symptoms that affect food intake. The main objective of the empirical part of the research, which was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews, is to find out among the patients at the Hospic u Dobrého Pastýře in Čerčany their favorite food and dishes. The sub-objectives were to find out the preferred consistency, quantity and texture of food, identification of situations and symptoms affecting patient's food intake in hospices and to find out through a questionnaire survey in inpatient hospices in the Czech Republic the importance of a nutritional therapist. Based on the...
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Possibilities of influencing compliance with following diabetic regimes from the perspective of nutrition therapist
Kučerová, Denisa ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Only in the Czech Republic, we detect over one million people diagnosed with this disease. By 2045, over 700 million people are predicted to be diagnosed with diabetes worldwide (Global diabetes data report 2000 - 2045 (diabetesatlas.org)). Medical community and pharmaceutical companies give big importance and pay significant attention to the development of innovative ways of treatment. Nowadays, there is a wide range of treatment available, but only hand in hand with the right compliance and patient's motivation can medical treatment bring the desired outcome. This bachelor thesis aims to explore the level of awareness among diabetic patients about the disease itself and nutrition knowledge through out a questionnaire survey. The main part of the thesis describes factors that can help with the patient's motivation. Questionnaire survey was used in a set of 271 patients treated in Klatovska nemocnice. Results of the survey are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey show that men are more satisfied with the ongoing threatment than females. On the other hand, both men and women do not view the level of education...
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The role of the nutritional therapist for people living with HIV
Tomanová, Michaela ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee)
Nutrition is one of the prognostic, predictive and also modifiable risk factors for the development of civilization diseases, which unequivocally cause the highest mortality in our territory. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been shown to progress earlier and more progressively among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) rather than in the HIV-negative population. Thanks to the modernization of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of wasting or lipodystrophic syndrome among adherent individuals is very low, if not zero. However, HIV infection together with the ART and unhealthy lifestyle now represent a certain risk of undesirable comorbidities in the form of civilization diseases. The complex topic of nutritional care for PLWH should be part of the professional knowledge of every nutritional therapist. Questionnaire surveys intended for qualified nutritional therapists and educational institutions, which were applied for the first section of the practical part of this thesis, confirmed all formulated hypotheses. The result of this part is the finding of insufficient education and the absence of deeper knowledge in the field of nutrition for PLWH among almost 95 % of the interviewed nutrition therapists,...
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The role of dietitian in education of patients with histamine intolerance
Erban, David ; Humlová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Aim of thesis: The aim of the research was to evaluate whether individual education by a clinical dietitian has a positive effect on the overall treatment of patients suffering from histamine intolerance. Methods: Eighteen patients with histamine intolerance attending the allergy outpatient clinic of the Department of Immunology and Microbiology of 1st Medical Faculty and General University Hospital in Prague were selected for the study. All eighteen of them completed the study. Before education, the patients filled in a questionnaire and blood was taken for subsequent analysis. This was followed by an approximately one-hour consultation with a clinical dietitian, from which each patient also received an individually created output. Patients also had the opportunity to contact the clinical dietitian with any questions via email. After three months, the patients again completed the questionnaire and blood was drawn again for subsequent analysis. Based on this information, it was compared whether or not the patients with histamine intolerance had improved their clinical symptoms and quality of life due to education by the clinical dietitian. Three respondents developed the acute respiratory disease at the beginning of the study, so it was not possible to collect blood from them before education. In...
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Use of sipping in care.
JANÁČKOVÁ, Iva
The bachelor's thesis is dedicated to the use of sipping in healthcare. It evaluates sipping by hospitalized patients and nurse's cooperation with nutritional therapists and their general awareness. The most common cause of inability to eat are extensive surgery, injuries, tumours, or infections. After intestinal peristalsis is restored, it is possible to start taking enteral nutrition and one of the procedures is to use sipping. Sipping is a liquid supplement with a precisely defined composition of nutrients. Sipping does not replace food, as some are frequently mistaken it only complements the basic diet. Sipping supplements are intended for drinking between meals and are widely available at the pharmacy. This bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. The aim of this work is to map non-medical healthcare professional's sipping knowledge and to investigate whether they use sipping as a supplement in their patient's treatments. Three hypotheses were established for these purposes. The bachelor's empirical part dealt with confirmation or refusal of these established hypotheses. For this thesis, I chose a quantitative method of data collection which was in the form of a questionnaire survey in three selected subjects. All data then were transferred to Microsoft Excel and sent to statistician who processed and evaluated it. The results are presented in this thesis. The research revealed that the collaboration between nutritional therapists and non-medical health professionals is not as sufficient as I thought it should be. Majority of nurses are aware of the term sipping and have basic knowledge. In the patient wards sipping is used as a dietary supplement, but the benefit of sipping as a treatment is rarely evaluated.
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Patients compliance during the process of weight reduction
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with patients compliance during the process of weight reduction. The thesis aims to chart patients compliance during the process of weight reduction. The theoretical part defines overweight and obesity and its variations, prevention, causes, diagnostic and treatment. The next chapter deals with compliance and definition of nutritional therapist and nutritional advice. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes recommendations for weight loss, specifically proportionate amount of energy, advice on nutritional and physical activities, also psychological recommendations for sleep. The practical part was founded on qualitative research, specifically case studies containing interviews, anthropometrical data, bioimpedance records and menus. In the beginning, there were eleven respondents taking part in the practical part but two of them resigned. Two research questions were raised upon the practical part. The first one tried to determine what factors are involved in patients compliance during the process of weight reduction. The second one tried to determine what is the real nutritional and energy intake during the process of weight reduction. Obtained data was later transcribed and later evaluated in the software program Nutriservis professional. Obtained data show patients abide by the recommended regime in different rates case by case as in active cooperation with it. Out of the most common factors determining patients compliance, we may highlight the support by close ones, checks up in nutritional counselling office, fear of illness or stress. Menu records show the real nutritional and energy intake of patients corresponds to the set-up reduction regime. Problems occurred case by case i.e. with fibre intake. Results of the thesis might be used as a source for education material or as a general guideline helping cooperation of patients in the nutritional counselling office.
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