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Energy balance of the UWC link
Bartoň, Jan ; Látal,, Jan (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
Tato semestrální práce je zaměřená na popis šíření optického svazku podvodním prostředím se zaměřením na vliv turbulentního proudění na odsměrování svazku. V první části práce je poskytnut popis vlastností podvodního prostředí a jejich vliv na optický svazek. V druhé části jsou prezentovány metody použitelné pro výpočet útlumu podvodního prostředí, zaměřující se na popis turbulentního prostředí. Ve třetí části je představena softwarová implementace algoritmu popsaného ve druhé části. Výsledkem práce je postup výpočtu síření optického svazku podvodním prostředím a jeho softwarová implementace.
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Isolation of photosystem II particles and their characterization
Svitačová, Denisa ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Venerová, Tereza (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the isolation and characterization of spinach thylakoid membranes and photosystem II particles. Based on the research, two procedures were chosen for the isolation of spinach thylakoid membranes and photosystem II particles with an emphasis on preserving their native properties. Subsequently, the characterizations were carried out, focusing on the spectroscopic properties of the isolated samples. UV-VIS spectrometry was used to determine the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in samples of thylakoid membranes and photosystem II particles. The success of the isolations was confirmed by fluorescence methods. The excitation and emission spectra of the samples were measured by the steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, and the fluorescence lifetimes of the samples of thylakoid membranes and photosystem II particles were determined by time-resolved fluorescence. The isolated samples were afterwards visualized with a fluorescence microscope with a CCD camera and the FCS technique.
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Influence of plasma treated water on the plant growth and vitality
Vozár, Tomáš ; Zahoranová, Anna (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the effect of plasma activated water on plant growth and vitality. By interaction of plasma with water, water acquires new unique properties that can be used in agriculture. The theoretical part deals with the basic properties of plasma, possibilities of preparation of plasma activated water in laboratory conditions, its physico-chemical characterization, and possibilities of its use in agriculture. In the next part, plant photosynthesis is discussed in connection with chlorophyll fluorescence, which measures the activity of photosystem II. Activity is an indicator of plant vitality, under environmental changes. At the end of the theoretical part, there are listed further possibilities for the analysis of plant material and food, such as elemental analysis, sensory analysis, and determination of dry matter content. Within the experimental part, plasma activated water (PAW) was prepared using plasma nozzle with introduced gas mixture that was immersed in the treated liquid. Further, plasma activated water was characterized and applied to radish plants. The effect of PAW on the plant growth and vitality was observed. The effect on the growth was observed through determination of fresh weight and dry matter content, the effect on vitality was assessed through chlorophyll fluorescence and the NDVI index. In the end, the effect on the content of stored elements C, H, O, and N in plants was determined and a sensory analysis was performed. The results show positive effects of plasma activated water on the plant growth and its sensory parameters such as appearance, taste, or spiciness. The results further show that PAW does not adversely affect plant vitality. This experiment should be continued by further indoor replication of the experiment to confirm obtained results and then, by moving the experiment to exterior in a form of field experiments.
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Bioactive compounds in cruciferous vegetables
KOVAČIKOVÁ, Karolína
This diploma thesis deals with bioactive compounds in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae). The thesis aimed to determine the content of phenolic compounds, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll A+B, carotenoids and also vitamin C, in selected species of cruciferous vegetables: Brussel sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera), Fodder Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and Ornamental Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). The highest amount of chlorophyll A was represented in the sample of ornamental red cabbage, variety Pigeon Victoria F1. The highest content of chlorophyll B, chlorophyll A+B, carotenoids and also vitamin C was determined in curly green kale, a variety Tuscan. The highest amount of phenolic compounds was measured in curly red kale, variety Scarlet.
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Isolation and characterization of beta-glucans of natural origin
Ratsilouskaya, Lizaveta ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the characterization of natural beta-glucans and other active substances isolated from macroalgae and yeasts. The used macroalgae samples differ in the pigment, origin and method of algae processing. The theoretical part focuses on seaweed and yeast species, beta-glucans, their sources and biological effects, other biologically active substances (such as polyphenols and antioxidants) and finally on methods for determining these biologically active substances. In the practical part, samples of selected macroalgae were analyzed, namely samples of Arame, Nori, Kombu, Wakame, Hijiki and Spaghetti. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of these algae were prepared in this work. The aqueous extracts were used for spectrophotometric determination of phenolic substances, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Furthermore, ethanol and acetone extracts of said macroalgae were used to determine total chlorophyll and carotenoid content spectrophotometric. The work also focused on beta-glucan content, analyzing macroalgae and yeast R. toruloides. Arame and Nori algae and R. toruloides were high in beta-glucans. However, beta-glucans were very low in other macroalgae.
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Vegetable adaptogens - Schizandra chinensis
Pospíchalová, Lucie ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the regional climate zone of the South Moravian Region as well as the use of this plant. Furthermore, adaptogens are described from a chemical point of view and their possible methods of isolation from individual parts of plants. The experimental part deals with extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, in the leaves extract was determined chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids by spectrophotometry, where the quantity of individual substances was confirmed for months April – May.
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Use of autotrophic algae to production of biomass and some metabolites
Chrástová, Nikola ; Kostovová, Iveta (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Chlorophyll and carotenoids are natural pigments and antioxidants. These pigments are suitable for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or food industries. Lipids are another major metabolite of algae and are a potential feedstock for biofuel production. This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of selected genera of autotrophic algae, subsequent isolation of these selected metabolites and their application. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the algae, the metabolites produced, the cultivation and the chosen methods. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the cultivation of algae of the genera Chlorella, Chlamydomonas and Desmodesmus, depending on the chosen medium and intensity of illumination, determination and quantification of algal biomass. Further, extraction of lipidic and carotenoid substances and determination by HPLC and GC was performed. In the overall comparison, the best producer of biomass is the algal genus Desmodesmus and the highest production of pigments and lipid substances was reached in algae of the genus Chlamydomonas.
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Adaptogens in the Shizandra chinensis plant
Pospíchalová, Lucie ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the climate zone. Furthermore, The effects of these adaptogens on the organism and the prediction of possible use in food supplements are described. The experimental part deals with the extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b in the leaves extract was determined by UV – VIS spectrophotometry, whereby the optimal amount 3:1 of chlorophyll was confirmed for the plants growing in optimal conditions. Finally, the concentration of the adaptogen schisandrin A in the dried fruits was from different kind of extraction measured by HPLC. In all fruits, schisandrin A was confirmed, but the amount is different in each sample.
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Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll
Rábová, Petra ; Vavrčíková, Veronika (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on determination of chlorophyll in leaves by the method of extraction spectrophotometry. The theoretical part provides information about photosynthesis, stress factors or plant adaptation, photosynthetic pigments (especially chlorophyll-a) and application of spectrophotometry and other methods of chlorophyll determination. The experimental part is focused on the application of the ecotoxicological test and, above all, it is evaluation by two independent methods. Specifically, it was determination of biomass growth inhibition and newly spectrophotometrical determination of chlorophyll mass. The results correlate with each other, therefore, the determination of chlorophyll seems to be an appropriate extension of usual evaluation methods of ecological tests.
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Development and optimization of ointment preparation for burn healing
Müllerová, Kristýna ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis aims to prepare ointments based on an ointment base with the addition of a bioactive component of chlorophyll according to a recipe from an unknow doctor. The basic characteristic of emulsions was performer in the theoretical part, their instability and possible methods of stabilization were described. Furthermore, the reader is acquainted with the bioactive substance of chlorophyll, selected ointments for the healing of burns and wounds and finally with the use in medicine. In the Experimental part, the preparation of emulsion bases of ointment was described. Based on a performed analysis of stability using analytical centrifuge, two ointments bases were selected, to which other components were added – chlorophyll, beeswax, and chamomile extract. The stability of completely prepared ointments was studied at 25 °C and 37 °C, this analysis was performed even after a longer time interval. Using ATR-FTIR spectrometry the present functional groups were identified at prepared ointments, individual components of the ointments base and chlorophyll. Based on the stability measurement of the prepared ointments and rheological measurements (oscillation and rotational measurements), it was evaluated that the best properties were shown by the prepared ointment with an ointment base consisting of 30 wt. % white vaseline and 70 wt. % synderman.
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