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Geomorphological evidence of the Scandinavian glaciation in the Moravian Gate
Pavurová, Zuzana ; Engel, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Nývlt, Daniel (referee)
Geomorphological evidence of the Scandinavian glaciation in the Moravian Gate Abstract This thesis is aimed at area in the Moravian Gate which was covered by continental ice sheets during the Quaternary. The goal of this thesis is to analyze relief and ice-margin landforms in the Moravian Gate. Main parts of this thesis are: current views on the extent of glaciated area, definition ice-marginal landforms, methods my fieldwork, results and discussion. Maps and graphs were created as a part of this thesis. Present relief is very different from pleistocene relief. It is difficult find ice-margin landforms. I agree with extent of pleistocene ice sheet glaciations from Tyráček (2006).
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Abrupt cooling events in the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene
Švanda, Petr ; Vondrák, Daniel (advisor) ; Tichá, Anna (referee)
This bachelor thesis is prepared in the form of a literature review focused on abrupt cooling events in the Late Glacial Interstadial and the Early Holocene (14 700 to 8 200 cal. BP). The aim was to summarize the scientific knowledge on six such climate fluctuations and their causes and consequences. All of these events (GI-1d, GI-1c2, GI-1b, 11 400 event, 9 300 evenet, 8 200 event) lasted more than 50 years and are followed by cooling of more than 1 řC. Literature sources on this topic are based on interdisciplinary studies of various natural archives and the interpretation of so-called proxy data. For each climatic event, an assessment of its effects on ecosystems and human societies at the time was also made. The above findings are finally discussed in the context of the current climate change issues and the possible future of weakening the Atlantic Meridional Overturnig Circulation.
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Paleozoic glaciation as an analog for Quaternary glacial cycles?
Kubíček, Martin ; Laurin, Jiří (advisor) ; Laibl, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the comparison of the two main glacial periods of the Phanerozoic, the Late Paleozoic Ice Age and the Cenozoic Ice Age including Pleistocene. The main goal of the thesis is to compare the factors of glaciation and their controlling mechanisms on short and long-term scales, and the basic features of the Earth's circulation. Last but not least, the evaluation of unresolved questions and consideration of the possibility of using data from the Cenozoic, which point to a very complex behaviour of the climate system components. In both periods compared, the main climate driver appears to be the atmospheric greenhouse gas content. Another common feature is the declining trend in temperature, manifested initially by a less significant and ephemeral glaciation during the Upper Devonian, Eocene and Oligocene. The transition to the coldest phases with the lowest average temperature and the largest ice volume is characteristic. Based on CO2 content, amplitude of glacioeustatic oscillations or Milankovitch cycles, a sequence of several glaciation events in the Serpukhovian to Sakmarian interval can be considered as an analogue of the Pleistocene. The difference from the Pleistocene glaciation is presence of a large number of glaciation centres in the Gondwana area. Some...
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Evolution of Eurasian mammoths during the Quaternary with a focus on adaptations related to climate change
Bhija, Amín ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Čermák, Stanislav (referee)
The main purpose of this work is to summarize the changing functional morphology of Eurasian mammoths throughout the Pleistocene, along with a short summarization of the Pleistocene environments of Eurasia. Dietary habits of mainland European mammoths are also be described, as the dental morphology and microwear analysis of mammoth teeth is often used as an environmental indicator. The transition between early mammoths such as Mammuthus rumanus, Mammuthus meridionalis and more derived grassland mammoths such as Mammuthus trogontherii and Mammuthus primigenius is illustrated through morphological adaptations and a change in their diet.
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Distribution and pattern morphology of pseudomorphs of thermal-conctraction-cracks features in Austria
Dufek, Jaroslav ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Margold, Martin (referee)
During the cold Pleistocene episodes, the territory of Austria was at the forefront of nearby Alpine glaciation. The unglaciated area of Austria was part of the Central European periglacial zone, in which permafrost developed. The distribution of Upper Pleistocene permafrost, its character, but also its time classification in the western part of the Pannonian Basin is still unclear. It is also because ideas about the characteristics of Upper Pleistocene permafrost in this area have so far been based mainly on indirect biological or lithological records such as pollen grains, malacofauna snails, or loess-paleosol sequences. Until now, the evidence of direct geo-indicators of paleo-permafrost has been relatively limited, with unique relict frost-wedges, cryoturbations, or sporadic remains of thermokarst lakes depressions and pingos. The results present a new database of relict frost-wedges in Austria, which was created based on published literary sources, but mainly based on aerial imaginary available on Google Earth Pro. The results significantly expand (by hundreds of localities) the existing knowledge about the occurrence of relict frost-wedges, which have so far been located in Austria purely on the basis of excavated profiles and soil probes. The found polygons of frost-wedge pseudomorphs are an...
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Late Cenozoic response of the selected fluvial systems of the Bohemian Massif to tectonics.
Flašar, Jan
Despite its intraplate tectonic setting, the Bohemian Massif underwent relatively intense tectonic activity during the Cenozoic. This activity has significantly formed the terrain morphology and river geometry, which can easily be observed from the present status of the streams and relief. Although the effect of tectonics and climate on the terrain morphology has been already researched in previous studies, the effect on the geometry of the river systems has not been surveyed complexly. The author's previous master thesis found two remarkable areas within the Bohemian Massif, where the effect of climate and tectonics on the river system geometry and its changes is very probable - the area of western Bohemia along the Mariánské Lázně Fault and the area of the Novohradské hory Mountains and their foothills. The focus of this thesis is to study the mutual interactions between the tectonic activity and the geometry of selected river systems in the Bohemian Massif. The goal is not only to prove the connection but also to test and evaluate the set of methods that can be useful for localizing those places with recent tectonic activity and which can be applied in similar areas in the future. Both areas - along the Mariánské Lázně Fault and in the Novohradské hory Mts. and their foothills - were surveyed by...
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Quaternary climate and origin of eolian deposits
Obersteinová, Tereza ; Kadlec, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Martínek, Karel (referee)
The Quaternary climatic conditions have controlled the origin of eolian deposits. The loess/paleosol sequences represent a valuable natural archives used for understanding of Quaternary climate and stratigraphy. Loess deposits cover about 10% of the continent areas. We can compare a proxy-record from these sediments, often from distant areas, to get knowledge of global significance. The applied mineral magnetic analyses enable understand the paleoenvironmental signal preserved in the loess/paleosol sequences and compare it with a proxy-record obtained from deep ocean sediments
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Geomorphological evidence of the Scandinavian glaciation in the Moravian Gate
Pavurová, Zuzana ; Engel, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Nývlt, Daniel (referee)
Geomorphological evidence of the Scandinavian glaciation in the Moravian Gate Abstract This thesis is aimed at area in the Moravian Gate which was covered by continental ice sheets during the Quaternary. The goal of this thesis is to analyze results of work of Tyrá ček (2006). Main parts of this thesis are: current views on the extent of glaciated area, definition ice-marginal landforms, methods my fieldwork, results and discussion. Maps and graphs were created as a part of this thesis. Data was processed using MapInfo Professional 7.0 SCP software, ArcGIS 9 software a Microsoft Office Excel 2003.
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Late Cenozoic response of the selected fluvial systems of the Bohemian Massif to tectonics.
Flašar, Jan ; Martínek, Karel (advisor) ; Pánek, Tomáš (referee) ; Moreiras, Stella Maris (referee)
Despite its intraplate tectonic setting, the Bohemian Massif underwent relatively intense tectonic activity during the Cenozoic. This activity has significantly formed the terrain morphology and river geometry, which can easily be observed from the present status of the streams and relief. Although the effect of tectonics and climate on the terrain morphology has been already researched in previous studies, the effect on the geometry of the river systems has not been surveyed complexly. The author's previous master thesis found two remarkable areas within the Bohemian Massif, where the effect of climate and tectonics on the river system geometry and its changes is very probable - the area of western Bohemia along the Mariánské Lázně Fault and the area of the Novohradské hory Mountains and their foothills. The focus of this thesis is to study the mutual interactions between the tectonic activity and the geometry of selected river systems in the Bohemian Massif. The goal is not only to prove the connection but also to test and evaluate the set of methods that can be useful for localizing those places with recent tectonic activity and which can be applied in similar areas in the future. Both areas - along the Mariánské Lázně Fault and in the Novohradské hory Mts. and their foothills - were surveyed by...
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Western Carpathians as diversity hotspot during the Quaternary climatic cycle
Kubíková, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horáček, Ivan (referee)
In the context of the entire Europe, the Western Carpathians is a unique area of priceless biological significance. Topological complexity, together with significant climatic and edaphic variability, is reflected in the high habitat heterogeneity and has enabled the survival of a large number of species in this area during the Quaternary climatic cycle. The Western Carpathians thus represents one of the most important glacial as well as interglacial refugium in Europe. The result of these environmental variables and the unique history of this region is an enormous species diversity, a high degree of endemism and the occurrence of many glacial relics. This bachelor's thesis contains a review of mainly zoological studies dealing with high biodiversity and degree of endemism in the Western Carpathians and its possible causes. The role of the Western Carpathians as an important Pleistocene refugium, its influence on other parts of Europe and the postglacial development of the area are discussed in individual chapters.
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