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Study of the use of crops for phytoremediation of contaminated soil by pharmaceuticals
Hamplová, Marie ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals leaking into the environment from wastewater and livestock farms raise concerns about the impact on the ecosystem and human health. Residues of pharmaceuticals present in soil are subject to a number of biotic and abiotic processes, including uptake, translocation and accumulation by plants. The ability of plants to accumulate or degrade pharmaceuticals could have potential applications in the process of 'phytoremediation', where plants and their associated micro-organisms are used to stabilise, degrade or remove contaminants from the environment. In the framework of this thesis, experiments on phytoremediation of drug-contaminated soil by the cover crop oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiformis) under controlled conditions were conducted. Soil samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction, plant samples by QuEChERS method and the final analysis of drugs was performed by UPLC-MS/MS. Oilseed radish produced a large amount of aboveground biomass compared to the other two crops and the presence of drugs had no negative effect on its growth. However, the determined levels of each drug in the soil and in the crop showed insufficient effectiveness of phytoremediation. The accumulation of drugs by the crop was low except for residues of the antidepressant venlafaxine. Therefore, according to these results, oilseed radish is not a suitable crop for phytoremediation of drug-contaminated soil. Experiments were also carried out with the root vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Sativus) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) to assess the risk to human health associated with the accumulation of drugs in vegetable roots. The risk has not been demonstrated in terms of the amount of established drugs in the roots. Only the metabolite clofibric acid accumulated to a higher extent and the antibiotic trimethoprim was the most translocated to the aerial parts of the crop. The rate of uptake and translocation of drugs by the plant depended on many factors, as their content varied considerably between drug groups and between parts and types of crops.
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Plant bioindicators of heavy metals
Pecinová, Eliška ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The urban areas are exposed to high risk of contamination, and some of the plant species can indicate this contamination. For this study, plants which can accumulate heavy metals and meet the requirements for bioindicators were chosen. Lichens, moss, birch, linden, and yew were chosen as bioindicators. Plant samples were collected from the specified localities in Brno, both with and without heavy traffic, then analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for the contents of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. Copper (max 47,7 mgkg-1) and zinc (max 200 mgkg-1) were detected in concentrations higher than the lower border of potential phytotoxic concentrations. Lichens and mosses were proved as the best bioindicators for most of the contaminants (Cu, Hg, Pb), except for zinc, which was indicated by birch. Linden wasn’t suitable for biomonitoring. The result concentrations in bioindicators were very variable among localities, without visible effect of traffic load, which implies other factors, which outweighed factors of contamination from the nearby traffic.
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Testování tolerance vybraných genotypů konopí vůči fytotoxickým účinkům zinku
Kabina, Viktoriia
This bachelor thesis was aimed at testing the tolerance of selected hemp genotypes to the phytotoxic effects of zinc. In the theoretical part, the main aspects of the toxic effect of heavy metals on plants were analyzed. Here the sources of environmental contamination with heavy metals, the uptake of heavy metals by plants, the effects of heavy metals on plants and their tolerance mechanisms are described, and the phenomenon of phytoremediation as a method of soil purification is also described. In the practical part, the influence of different zinc concentrations on selected hemp genotypes, namely French variety Felina 32 and Hungarian variety Monoica, were studied. The growth parameters of the experimental plants and the pigment content in the leaves of the plants were determined. The experiments did not prove serious effects of zinc on experimental plants, except for high concentrations in individual cases. Nevertheless, it can be said that in comparison with the Monoica variety, representatives of the Felina 32 variety were more sensitive to the presence of zinc in the soil.
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Návrh managementu jímacího území vodního zdroje Nová Ves u Pohořelic
Ohryzek, Dominik
The quality of the water in source Nová Ves near Pohořelice was degraded by an above-limit nitrate concentration, which caused complications with use of the water for drinking purposes. The causes of this pollution have not been fully confirmed, one of the possible factors is increased mineralisation of humus substances in the soil (Leugner et al. 2021) after deforestation of spruce and pine stands. These died gradually during the drought and bark beetle calamity in 2015 and the following years. The presented thesis propose management principles of site with respect to the water management needs of the resource owner. There were proposed phytoremediation techniques using tree species grown in a coppice manner. Management is also focused on the care of remaining vegetation in the area, where close to nature species composition prevails.
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Phytoremediation potential of higher plants - phytoextraction of paroxetine
Štelbacká, Kristína ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
Environmental pollution has long been an important issue for humanity. There are many mechanical and chemical pollutants in water and soil that need to be removed. Xenobiotics, which are increasingly found in the environment, are also a problem. This thesis deals with the study of the phytoextraction of the drug paroxetine using the plant maize (Zea mays). The antidepressant paroxetine belongs to the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and is used for the treatment of depressive disorders. The plants were cultured in sterile medium for the time necessary for sufficient growth. Subsequently, paroxetine was added to the plant medium and samples were collected for 96 hours. For the first experiment the concentration of drug in the medium was 3 mg ∙ l−1 , for the second 2 mg ∙ l−1 and for the third 1 mg ∙ l−1 . To determine the phytoextraction activity, the collected samples were detected by HPLC system with UV detector. The phytoextraction efficiency of paroxetine was determined to be 0.0023 mg/g(fresh weight) for the first experiment and 0.0014 mg/g(fresh weight) for the second experiment. Plants used for phytoremediation have increased potential for oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species formation. After the phytoextraction experiments, the antioxidant capacities of the leaf and...
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Changes in plant metabolism due to phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Polívková, Linda ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Chmelík, Josef (referee)
As a result of human activity, the rate and amount at which various pollutants enter the environment are increasing. Among them, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, whose fate in nature has not yet been fully understood, have a key role to play. Phytoremediation, as an alternative method to the traditionally established methods of remediation of pollutant- contaminated wastewater and soils, has an increasing potential to become an important and ecologically friendly tool for environmental restoration and conservation. In this bachelor thesis, the effect of the pharmaceuticals buspirone, dextromethorphan, ibuprofen, the combination of dextromethorphan and ibuprofen, paroxetine and sulpiride on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L., DKC 3969) cultivated in vitro in hydroponics under sterile conditions was investigated. The activity and isoenzyme composition of peroxidases, which are among the key components of the antioxidant system, were determined in maize plants. The amount of total soluble proteins in plants was reduced in most cases due to the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals. In contrast, the specific activity of total peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase was increased in most cases, most notably by buspirone, sulpiride and the combination of...
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Phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Forróvá, Barbora ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
Anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants are some of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals today. As their consumption increases, there is a growing risk of them leaking into surface water and soil, where they can be accumulated, interfere with key biological processes in animal cells or contaminate the food chain. With this is related an increasing need to find ways to ensure the removal of these substances from contaminated sites. There is a wide range of methods for decontamination, however not all of them are affordable and sufficiently environmentally friendly. Phytoremediation is one of the most environmentally and economically friendly ways used for removing pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics from the environment. In this work, the effects of the drugs diazepam, rohypnol and trazodone on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays, L., cultivar DKC 3969) plants grown under sterile conditions hydroponically in vitro were studied. The effects these drugs had on the plants were monitored through the activity of important antioxidant enzymes, peroxidases and glutathione-S-transferases, as well as through non-enzymatic markers of antioxidant capacity and the content of substances indicative of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde and H2O2. A significant increase in phenolic content was...
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Beneficial and toxic effects of REE in algae and plants
ASHRAF, Nermeen
Lanthanides mainly represented by REE are the most frequently occurring elements as compared to arsenic and lead. REE consist of a group of elements associated with each other in terms of common physical and chemical properties, with studies concerning phytoremediation and physiological effects of such elements on living biota, is important to be addressed as these elements are frequently being considered as emerging pollutants because of excessive mining and release into the environment. Very important is to study the toxic effects of lanthanum in microalgae under environmental conditions. Experimental trials are evaluating especially potential risks on growth and photosynthesis under nanomolar-dose, with promising decrease and acute toxicity. To this end, the two most promising La-binding protein is currently investigated in green microalgae (Desmodesmus quadricauda) with high affinities. Subcellular localization patterns of La have been also shown to predict possible expression sites and to understand the metabolic response of La in microalgae. We also identify accumulator plant species for LREE in contaminated mining areas for phytoremediation purposes, aim of this study was conducted in the Brazilian mining area for REE and as well as identifying the bioavailable content which can help in predicting the promising species. This field study was done for finding new accumulators which are involved in concentrating LREE in above-ground parts. Our study suggests toxic effects of La and identified preferentially good hyperaccumulator plant specie Christella dentata for phytomining of lanthanides. This could be used as a predictive bioaccumulator in phytoremediation and its further analysis can be a part of future studies for insight mechanisms using analytical techniques, involving the identification of La-binding proteins in Desmodesmus quadricauda.
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Uptake and translocation of buspirone in higher plant cultures
Schmidová, Anna ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the phytoextraction of the anxiolytic buspirone from a cultivation medium and to the study of the effect of plant stress on the plant metabolism. Two experiments were carried out with maize (Zea mays) grown hydroponically in a sterile medium for 10 and 14 days. After the addition of a solution of medium containing buspirone at concentrations of 10 and 5 mg · L-1 , samples of medium were collected at 1-day intervals from all experimental plants. The decreasing concentration of buspirone in the medium was monitored by reversed phase HPLC/UV at a wavelength of 240 nm. In the first experiment with 10 mg · L-1 as the initial concentration of buspirone in the medium, a 65 % decrease was observed over the 96 hours during which the phytoextraction was carried out. The overall decrease in buspirone concentration was 53 % in 144 hours of phytoextraction in the second experiment with an initial concentration of 5 mg · L-1 in the medium. After the completion of the phytoextraction experiments, the activities of total peroxidases, membrane-bound peroxidases, guaiacol peroxidase and ABTS-peroxidase were determined in the leaves and roots of the plants. Furthermore, the content of phenolic substances, which belong to the group of so-called secondary metabolites and their effects...
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