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Effect of selected abiotic stress factors on yield formation parameters of winter wheat genotypes
Hlaváčová, Marcela
This dissertation thesis is a compilation of four scientific papers based on experiments with pot-grown winter wheat plants. The responses of winter wheat to different lengths of drought and heat stress treatments, applied at growth phases crucial for grain formation, both from the perspective of final yield formation and photosynthetic parameters, were analyzed. Growth chambers (heat and drought stress) and phenotyping platform (drought stress; phenotyping experiment) were used to set up these stress conditions. The first aim was to assess the sensitivity of yield formation parameters to short-term heat stress at anthesis. The second aim was to assess the sensitivity of yield formation parameters to drought stress during the transition from the vegetative stage to the generative stage. The third aim was to assess the sensitivity of yield formation parameters and photosynthetic characteristics to combined short-term heat and drought stress at stem elongation, anthesis, and grain filling stages. The final aim was to assess the sensitivity of photosynthetic characteristics to combined medium-term heat and drought stress at the anthesis stage. The results showed that short-term (3 and 7 days) heat (32, 35, 38 °C, and compared to a control temperature of 26 °C) or interactive effects of heat and drought stress at stem elongation, anthesis, and grain filling stages generally led to minor reductions in yield formation parameters, whereas significant affects on photosynthetic parameters were observed (with the lowest impacts on photosynthetic parameters at anthesis). It indicated that plants were capable of quickly recovering their photosynthetic processes; thus, yield formation parameters could be compensated. Drought stress during the transition from the vegetative stage to the generative stage of development resulted in significant declines in yield formation parameters. The photosynthetic responses to medium-term (7 and 14 days) combined heat and drought stress were genotype-specific in their magnitudes and closely associated with changes in stomatal conductance.
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Design of grain conveyor
Puchta, Pavel ; Malášek, Jiří (referee) ; Frühbauer, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the design and structural solution of a conveyor for transporting agricultural grain. This thesis presents an analysis of the transported material, the choice of a conveyor and its design solution. This thesis also consists of calculation of the main parameters of the selected conveyor, design of the drive unit, control of the transported quantity by the conveyor, strength and operational calculations of the main parts. At the end of the thesis, transport in two locations of the conveyor is simulated using DEM. This thesis consists of a technical report and drawing documentation. The drawing documentation contains drawing of the assembly, drawing of the screw, drawing of the shaft hub and drawing of th connecting pin.
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Determination of qualitative parameters of selected varieties of wheat
Malíková, Jana ; Kolouchová, Ladislava (referee) ; Lolková, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality of 11 varieties of winter wheat from the 2021 harvest. The theoretical part concerned with the botanical characteristics and morphology of wheat, its most common diseases and the characteristics of selected varieties. Furthermore, the most important basic quality parameters of wheat as well as its rheological properties and methods suitable for their determination are characterized. The practical part was realised in company Penam a.s. in the mill in Vojkovice. The samples were supplied by Oseva a.s. for the purpose of monitoring varieties and genetic breeding as well as evaluation of harvest quality. From the results of the basic quality parameters and rheological determinations on the alveograph, farinograph and extensograph, it was found that all the varieties were of food quality belonging to quality groups A or B, and the worst or best variety was not clearly evaluated. In the last part of the thesis, the influence of different localities on the quality of individual varieties was evaluated, from the areas of Chrlice, Věrovany and Čáslav. The different localities had an effect especially on the basic properties of wheat, which are influenced by agrotechnical and climatic conditions. The most differences were recorded in the determination of moisture content and N-substance content.
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Vliv CTF na utužení půdy a ekonomiku zemědělského podniku
DVOŘÁK, Jan
The bachelor's thesis deals with the comparison of three methods of cultivation of Julia winter wheat. The work is focused on the cultivation method in the CTF system. The thesis explains what farming in the CTF system means and what benefits they bring to farmers. GPS systems that belong to automation in agriculture are also described. Attention is paid mainly to the cost of fuel consumption of used rigs and to excess crossings in the field.
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Obilniny ve výuce geografie zemědělství
DOČEKAL, Lukáš
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to create teaching texts for teaching the geography of cereals, namely for teaching at universities, upper-secondary schools and elementary schools. First, the individual cereals grown in the world are presented in detail - their botanical and morphological characteristics, their origin, development and breeding, followed by a description of the use of cereal products, the characteristics of natural conditions and agro-techniques of cereals and the geographical distribution of cereals in the world. Part of the bachelor's thesis is also an analysis of university, upper-secondary and elementary school textbooks containing the subject of the geography of agriculture, which are subsequently used in the creation of teaching texts. Tables, maps and extensive literature are part of the bachelor thesis.
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Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen supply on grain quality of wheat
Chadimová, Klára ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and different nitrogen fertilization levels on wheat grain quality. Winter wheat cultivar Bohemia was grown under ambient carbon dioxide concentration (AC) and elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC; 700 mol carbon dioxide per mol) half of the samples was fertilized with 200 kg N per ha (N+) and the other part stayed unfertilized (N-). Zeleny value and Hagberg-Perten value was determined. Bulk density was determined by routine method. Grain hardness, dry matter content, starch concentration and crude protein concentration was determined by NIR spektroscopy. No effect on grain quality was detected due to carbon dioxide enrichment. However nitrogen fertilizer influenced grain quality significantly. Zeleny value and crude protein concentration were decreased and starch concentration was increased in samples that stayed unfertilized. Other grain quality parameters stayed unaffected.
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Comparison of pasta manufactoring in Europe and Asia
Píšťková, Magdalena ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with differences between manufacturing technologies of European and Asian noodles. First part concentrates on wheat as a basic raw material for noodle production. Structure and chemical composition of wheat grain, growing conditions, Triticum durum are described. Next part considers wheat flour, the most important product made of wheat, its manufacturing, storage, defects, and kinds. Semolina made of Triticum durum wheat is mentioned. In more detail it concentrates on classification and manufacturing technology of pastes booth in Europe and Asia. Further it considers other raw materials used and also additives that are used in order to improve nutritional value, color, and taste of final products. In conclusion there is a summary of differences among raw material and the additives used in pasta and noodle production. Lastly the manufacturing technology comparison of European pastes and Asian noodles is done.
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Design of a pipeline chain conveyor
Machala, Petr ; Malach, František (referee) ; Malášek, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the construction design of two different pipeline drag chain conveyors for transport of wheat and sewage sludge. The first part describes the operation principle and the main parts of this conveyor. The examples of designs from several manufacturers follow. Next part is devoted to determining the resistance to movement in individual sections of the transport route. Thesis continues with design proposals of both variants of conveyors, including suitable technological and strength calculations. The outputs of this work are also assembly drawings of these two conveyors.
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Monitoring of vitamin E content in the samples of cereals
Cibulcová, Pavla ; Borkovcová,, Ivana (referee) ; Benešová, Karolína (advisor)
Thesis deals with the analysis of vitamin E in cereal samples, namely barley and wheat and malt produced from them. Selected samples were treated with low-temperature plasma, fungicide and biological treatment to elimination fungus and mycotoxins. The aim of the thesis was to find out the influence of the treatment, the combination of several types of treatment on vitamin E content in grain and malt. If the content of health-positive substances is not reduced and grain can be used for food, malt, or for feed purposes. The theoretical part focuses on the properties, occurrence, biochemistry and importance of vitamin E for living organisms. It also focuses on the properties of cereals that are a significant source of vitamin E. Malt production and sample treatment are also described. The experimental part describes the field experiment, individual types of treatment, extraction of vitamin E from the samples and determination of vitamin E content by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results are compared with the current literature. It was found that the treatment did not have a significant negative effect on vitamin E content.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen nutrition on protein content of glutenin and gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Chadimová, Klára ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The present study investigates effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, different nitrogen fertilization levels, drought and UV radiation on protein content of wheat gluten fractions glutenins and gliadins. Winter wheat cultivar Bohemia was grown under ambient CO2 concentration (AC; 400 mol CO2.mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (EC; 700 mol CO2.mol-1). Half of the samples was fertilized with 200 kg N.ha-1 (N+) and the other part stayed unfertilized (N–). Other environmental factors were UV radiation exclusion (UV–, UV+) and drought (DRY, WET). Gliadins were separated by A-PAGE, glutenins by SDS-PAGE. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Nitrogen fertilization caused an significat increase of gliadins and glutenins. While some gliadins subfractions were significantly lowered by drought, HMW glutenin subunits showed significant increase. UV radiation exclusion resulted in significant decrease of some gliadin subfractions and glutenin subunits. CO2 enrichment caused significant increase of glutenin subfractions HMW 1 and 2, while gliadin subfractions -5 1 and 1 were significantly decreased by elevated CO2 concentration.
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